The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional) or Montt-Varist (Spanish: Monttvarista) was a Chilean political party formed in 1857 as a split from the Conservatives by the supporters of President Manuel Montt and Interior Minister Antonio Varas. The National Party had a liberal-conservative ideology and was primarily supported by middle-high businessmen, bankers and journalists.[5] The Welsh-born Edwards family was a bigger financer of the party,[6] along with the aristocratic Balmaceda, who was linked to the Liberal Party.[7] The party never was more than an influential third party, and since the late 1910s its influences declined considerably, stopping from participating to national elections after 1924, finally merging into the United Liberal Party in 1933.[1] The monttvarista National Party is not to be confused with the National Party formed in 1966.
National Party Partido Nacional | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Manuel Montt Antonio Varas José Joaquín Pérez Agustín Edwards Pedro Montt |
| Founded | 29 December 1857 |
| Dissolved | 1925 (de facto) 1930 (de jure) |
| Split from | Conservatives |
| Merged into | United Liberal Party |
| Ideology | Secularism[1][2] Liberal conservatism[2][3] Economic liberalism[4] |
| Political position | Centre-right |
Electoral history
editPresidential election
edit| Election year | Candidate | Votes | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Votes | % Votes | |||
| 1856 | Manuel Montt | 207 | 99.1% | Won |
| 1861 | José Joaquín Pérez | 214 | 100% | Won |
| 1866 | José Joaquín Pérez | 191 | 88.0% | Won |
| 1871 | José Tomás Urmeneta | 58 | 20.4% | Lost |
| 1876 | Not contested | Lost | ||
| 1881 | Not contested | Lost | ||
| 1886 | José Francisco Vergara[a] | 6 | 1.8% | Lost |
| 1891 | Not contested | Lost | ||
| 1896 | Federico Errázuriz Jr.[b] | 137 | 55.5% | Won |
| 1901 | Pedro Montt | 83 | 31.1% | Lost |
| 1906 | Pedro Montt | 164 | 62.6% | Won |
| 1910 | Ramón Barros[c] | 268 | 100% | Won |
| 1915 | Juan Luis Sanfuentes[d] | 77 | 50.1% | Won |
| 1920 | Luis Barros Borgoño[e] | 175 | 50.1% | Lost |
| 1925 | Not contested | Lost | ||
| 1927 | Not contested | Lost | ||
Congress election
edit| Election year | Chamber of Deputies | Senate | Status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Votes | % Votes | Seats | # Votes | % Votes | Seats | ||
| 1864 | N/A[8] | 25.0% | 18 / 72
|
Minority | |||
| 1867 | N/A[8] | 8.3% | 6 / 72
|
Minority | |||
| 1870 | N/A[8] | 15.3% | 11 / 72
|
Minority | |||
| 1873 | N/A[8] | 5.6% | 4 / 72
|
Minority | |||
| 1876 | N/A[8] | 11.1% | 12 / 108
|
Minority | |||
| 1879 | N/A[8] | 11.1% | 12 / 108
|
Minority | |||
| 1882 | N/A[8] | 13.0% | 14 / 108
|
Minority | |||
| 1885 | N/A[8] | 14.2% | 16 / 113
|
Minority | |||
| 1888 | N/A[8] | 15.9% | 18 / 113
|
Minority | |||
| 1891 | 1,196[9] | 1.5% | 1 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1894 | 455[9] | 0.4% | 0 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1897 | 7,692[9] | 5.6% | 4 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1900 | 8,916[9] | 6.0% | 6 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1903 | Not contested[9] | Minority | |||||
| 1906 | 24,169[9] | 12.5% | 11 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1909 | 38,341[9] | 17.0% | 16 / 94
|
Minority | |||
| 1912 | 35,243[9] | 14.2% | 10 / 118
|
Minority | |||
| 1915 | 14,530 | 9.7% | 29 / 118
|
N/A[9] | 10.5% | 2 / 19
|
Minority |
| 1918 | 18,526 | 9.1% | 10 / 118
|
N/A[9] | 7.7% | 1 / 13
|
Minority |
| 1921 | 8,097 | 2.7% | 4 / 118
|
N/A[9] | 2 / 13
|
Minority | |
| 1924 | 6,400 | 3.1% | 3 / 118
|
N/A[9] | 3 / 13
|
Minority | |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Official candidate for the Radical Party.
- ^ Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing).
- ^ Official candidate for the Liberal Party, elected by unanimity.
- ^ Official candidate for the Liberal Democratic Party, supported by the Coalición.
- ^ Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing), supported by the National Union.
References
edit- ^ a b Bizzarro, Salvatore (2017). Rowman & Littlefield (ed.). Historical Dictionary of Chile. p. 653. ISBN 9781442276352.
- ^ a b Cristi, Renato; Ruiz, Carlos (2015). Editorial Universitaria de Chile (ed.). El pensamiento conservador en Chile: Seis ensayos (in Spanish). p. 180. ISBN 9789561124882.
- ^ Sierra, Santiago; Wu Brading, Celio (1995). Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (ed.). La diplomacia mexicana en América del Sur y la Guerra del Pacífico 1878-1879 (in Spanish). p. 49. ISBN 9789688105108.
- ^ Salazar Vergara, Gabriel (2014). Penguin Random House (ed.). Mercaderes, empresarios y capitalistas: Chile, siglo XIX (in Spanish). ISBN 9789562624145.
- ^ Villabos, Sergio R. (2001). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). Chile y su historia (in Spanish). p. 316. ISBN 9789561115293.
- ^ Vial Correa, Gonzalo (2009). El Mercurio (ed.). Agustín Edwards Mac Clure: periodista, diplomático y político : los cuarenta primeros años del siglo XX chileno (in Spanish). p. 96. ISBN 9789562396875.
- ^ Ramírez Necochea, Hernán; Pinto Vallejos, Julio (2007). LOM (ed.). Obras escogidas: Balmaceda y la contrarevolución de 1891 ; Historia del movimiento obrero en Chile (in Spanish). p. 121. ISBN 9789562828857.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Heise, Julio (1982). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). El Periodo parlamentario 1861-1925. Democracia y gobierno representativo en el periodo parlamentario (in Spanish). Vol. II.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Urzúa Valenzuela, Germán (1992). Editorial Jurídica de Chile (ed.). Historia política de Chile y su evolución electoral desde 1810 a 1992 (in Spanish). pp. 379–385.
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