The New York City Board of Estimate was a governmental body in New York City responsible for numerous areas of municipal policy and decisions, including the city budget, land-use, contracts, franchises, and water rates. Under the amendments effective in 1901, to the charter of the then-recently-amalgamated City of Greater New York, the Board of Estimate and Apportionment was composed of eight ex officio members: the Mayor of New York City, the New York City Comptroller and the President of the New York City Board of Aldermen, each of whom had three votes; the borough presidents of Manhattan and Brooklyn, each having two votes; and the borough presidents of the Bronx, Queens, and Richmond (Staten Island), each having one vote.[1] The 1897 charter effective on amalgamation had had a five-member Board of Estimate and Apportionment.[2] The La Guardia Reform Charter of 1938 simplified its name and enhanced its powers.
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| Board overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1901[1] |
| Dissolved | 1990 |
| Jurisdiction | New York City |
| Map | |
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In 1957, the Charter was amended to raise the number of votes on the Board to twenty-two. Twelve of these votes were held by the three citywide officials, and the five borough presidents were allotted two votes each.
On March 22, 1989, the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously declared in Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris that the Board of Estimate was unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the city's most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the board than Staten Island, the city's least populous borough, and that this arrangement was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision (Reynolds v. Sims).[3][4]
In response to the Supreme Court's decision, the New York City Charter Revision Commission drew up changes to the municipal government, which were approved by 55% to 45% in a citywide referendum on election day, November 1989.[5] A month later, the changes were approved by the U.S. Department of Justice[6] and they were implemented as planned the following year according to the 1990 City Charter, which abolished the Board of Estimate and assigned most of its responsibilities to an enlarged New York City Council.
See also
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References
edit- ^ a b "The Greater New York charter of 1901, together with constitutional provisions affecting the city". Hathi Trust Digital Library. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
- ^ "The Greater New York Charter As Enacted in 1897". Columbia University Libraries Digital Collections. p. 103. Retrieved September 23, 2018.
- ^ Cornell Law School Supreme Court Collection: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, accessed June 12, 2006
- ^ Greenhouse, Linda (March 23, 1989). "Justices Void New York City's Government; Demand Voter Equality in All Boroughs". New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ Finder, Alan (November 8, 1989). "The 1989 Elections: Charter; Overhaul of New York City Charter Is Approved, Polls Show". New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ Finder, Alan (December 14, 1989). "New York City Charter Revision Approved by Justice Department". New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
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