Marinka (Ukrainian: Мар'їнка, IPA: [ˈmɑrjinkɐ]; Russian: Марьинка, romanized: Maryinka) is an abandoned city in Pokrovsk Raion, Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. Its estimated population in 2022 was 9,089[2] with 2001 estimates pinning it at 10,530.[3]
Marinka
Мар'їнка | |
|---|---|
 Our Lady of Kazan Orthodox Cathedral in Marinka in 2014. | |
  Marinka .svg) Marinka | |
| Coordinates: 47°56′31″N 37°30′13″E / 47.94194°N 37.50361°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Donetsk Oblast |
| Raion | Pokrovsk Raion |
| Hromada | Marinka urban hromada |
| Founded | 1840s[1] |
| Population (2022) | |
• Total | 9,089 |
• Estimate (2023) | 0 |
 | |
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the city was largely destroyed as a result of fighting, with no civilians living in the city since November 2022.[4][5][6] On 25 December 2023, the city was reported as fully captured by Russian forces.[7]
History
editThe area which is now Marinka was part of the Kalmius Palanka, an 18th-century administrative division of the Zaporizhian Sich.[8] After the 1775 liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich, the area that is today Marinka was included in the lands granted to Greek settlers who had emigrated from Crimea in 1778, but Marinka itself remained undeveloped by the 1830s.[8]
Former Ukrainian Cossacks and state serfs from various counties of the Poltava and Kharkov governorates[8] began moving in during the 1840s. Poles from the Kiev and Podolia governorates were also exiled to what is now Marinka after the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century.[8] While the state serfs worked communal land, the exiled Poles were considered odnodvortsy (landowners).[8] By 1859, Marinka had 1,318 residents.[8] Administratively, Marinka belonged to Aleksandrovsk county in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate.[8] The village administration consisted of a starshyna (village head), a tax collector, a secretary, and an overseer.[8]
Marinka received urban-type settlement status in 1938.[8] During World War II, Marinka was under German occupation between 1941 and 1943. Having been locked up in the police station, the Jews of the city (and the surrounding villages) were killed in a mass execution by an Einsatzgruppe. The site of the massacre is located in a pit near the cemetery.[9]
Russo-Ukrainian War
editWar in Donbas
edit
Starting in mid-April 2014 Russian-backed paramilitaries captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast,[10][11] including Marinka.[12][failed verification] On 5 August 2014, Ukrainian forces regained control of Marinka.[13] Ukrainian forces involved in the recapture included the Azov Battalion, whose flag flew in the city in early August.[14] A member of the group with Russian citizenship was killed in action during the battle for the city. Fourteen other Azov members were wounded, nine of whom by the explosion of their tank due to an anti-tank mine.[15]
On 3 June 2015, violence returned to the area as pro-Russian combatants launched an offensive on the city involving 1,000 fighters, tanks and heavy artillery.[5][16] They stated they were engaging in defensive measures in response to a Ukrainian army assault.[17] By then, the city had already been devastated by months of heavy fighting.[5]
According to the BBC, the fighting was the heaviest of the war in Donbas since the Minsk II ceasefire was signed on 11 February 2015.[5][18] By the early evening of 3 June, Donetsk People's Republic's Defence Minister Vladimir Kononov and the Ukrainian military confirmed to the OSCE that Marinka was under Ukrainian control.[19] According to OSCE figures, 28 people, including 9 civilians, were killed in Marinka on 3 June 2015.[20]
The city was shelled on a regular basis, with Ukrainian troops returning fire.[21] Pro-Russian fighters accused Ukrainian troops of using their positions in Marinka to shell militant-controlled Donetsk, a claim denied by the Ukrainian military.[5]
Three people died close to a checkpoint on 10 February 2016 when a minibus while bypassing a queue drove roadside and hit a land mine.[22] The driver had ignored land mine warning signs.[22] According to Ukrainian MP Iryna Herashchenko, 5,000 people lived in Marinka in September 2016.[4]
Russian invasion of Ukraine
edit.png)
Battles for Marinka resumed in 2022 following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. In the process, much of the city was destroyed, with only a few residents remaining as of May 2022[update], according to Der Spiegel.[23] One reporter likened Marinka in January 2023 to an "urban hellscape."[6] During the battle, buildings were purposefully destroyed in order to prevent them from being used as cover.[24] By March 2023, all civilians had been evacuated from Marinka, leaving the city completely uninhabited.[25]
On 25 December 2023, Russian forces announced to have taken control of the city, which was initially denied by Ukraine.[26][27] The following day on 26 December 2023, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Valery Zaluzhny, said that Ukrainian forces had withdrawn from Marinka and entrenched themselves on its outskirts and further away.[28] He described that Marinka "no longer exists" after being destroyed "street by street" by the Russian forces.[29] The BBC reported that the city was captured by Russian forces.[30]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1859 | 1,318[8] | — |
| 2001 | 10,530[3] | +1.47% |
| 2016 | 5,000[4] | −4.84% |
| 2022 | 9,089[2] | +10.47% |
| 2023 | 0[25] | −100.00% |
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Marinka had a population of 10,530 people. The ethnic composition was:[3]
The native language composition was:[31]
Gallery
edit-
Central part of Marinka. -
World War II memorial. -
Administrative building. -
Afghan War memorial in city park.
Notable people
edit- Oleksandr Klymenko (born 1965), Ukrainian politician and entrepreneur.
References
edit- ^ Marinka Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b c "Національний склад міст".
- ^ a b c Only three EU parliamentarians out of 20 mustered courage to visit eastern Ukraine Archived 2016-09-21 at the Wayback Machine, Ukraine Today (20 September 2016)
- ^ a b c d e Ukraine crisis: Violence flares up near Donetsk Archived 2022-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News (3 June 2015)
- ^ a b ALTMAN, HOWARD (17 January 2023). "Ukraine Situation Report: The Urban Hellscape That Is Maryinka". Recurrent Ventures. The Drive.
- ^ "Ukraine war: Russia captures key town near Donetsk". 26 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Maryinka in The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR
- ^ "Execution of Jews in Maryinka" Archived 2016-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, Yahad – In Unum.
- ^ Ragozin, Leonid, "Vladimir Putin Is Accidentally Bringing Eastern and Western Ukraine Together" Archived 2017-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, newrepublic.com, 16 April 2014.
- ^ "Donbass defenders put WWII tank back into service" Archived 2014-10-21 at the Wayback Machine, en.itar-tass.com, 6 June 2014.
- ^ "Airstrike kills nine as apartment block demolished in Ukraine" Archived 2014-08-08 at the Wayback Machine, irishtimes.com, 15 July 2014.
- ^ "Ukraine fighting reaches rebel-held Donetsk" Archived 2014-08-05 at the Wayback Machine, AP, 5 August 2014.
- ^ Kramer, Andrew E., "Ukraine Strategy Bets On Restraint by Russia" Archived 2017-02-05 at the Wayback Machine, New York Times, 9 August 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
- ^ We Can Win After All Archived 2022-03-24 at the Wayback Machine, The Ukrainian Week (6 August 2015)
- ^ Kremlin-separatist forces try to take Maryinka as fighting breaks out along front line Archived 2015-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, Kyiv Post (3 June 2015)
- ^ Ukraine at risk of return to full war after major battle in Donetsk Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian (3 June 2015)
- ^ "Ukraine ceasefire deal agreed at Belarus talks". The Guardian. 12 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
- ^ Spot report by the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), 3 June 2015: Fighting around Marinka Archived 2 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine, OSCE (4 June 2015)
- ^ 28 killed in recent Maryinka battle – UN Archived 2016-08-28 at the Wayback Machine, Ukraine Today (5 June 2015)
- ^ Civilians Stuck in the Middle of Donbass Horror Archived 2016-04-19 at the Wayback Machine, Moscow Times (29 July 2015)
- ^ a b Three killed as passenger bus hits mine in east Ukraine Archived 2020-12-02 at the Wayback Machine, Yahoo! News (10 February 2015)
WAR Death toll from Maryinka land mine blast grows to 4 (Photo) Archived 2017-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (10 February 2016) - ^ Sarovic, Alexander (2022-05-10). "Staryna's Mission: The Elite Ukrainian Soldiers Defending the Donbas". Der Spiegel. ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
- ^ "Drone footage of Maryinka city that was turned into ruins by Russians". Kanal 13. 25 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ a b Ankel, Sophia. "Before-and-after photos show how Russia's invasion reduced a Ukrainian city to a post-apocalyptic wasteland". Retrieved 2023-12-25.
- ^ "Russia Claims Capture of Eastern Ukraine's Maryinka". The Moscow Times. 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Military: Battle for Marinka continues". The Kyiv Independent. 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine says its troops have withdrawn from Marinka, one day after Russia says it seized destroyed town". Meduza. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ "Ukrainian Army Says Retreated to Outskirts of Town Claimed by Moscow". The Moscow Times. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine war: Russia captures key town near Donetsk". BBC. 26 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України".
External links
edit- Marinka in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Christopher Miller, Guns Of August: Fears Of Full-Scale War Return As Casualties Mount In Ukraine, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 9 August 2016