Mabel Washington Fitzgerald (4 July 1884 – 24 April 1958) was an Irish republican, suffragette, and socialist. She took part in the 1916 Easter Rising and the Irish War of Independence. She was the mother of Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald and wife of Desmond FitzGerald.
Mabel McConnell Fitzgerald | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Mabel Washington McConnell 4 July 1884 Belfast, Ireland |
| Died | 24 April 1958 (aged 73) Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland |
| Education | Victoria College |
| Alma mater | Queen's University Belfast |
| Spouse | Desmond FitzGerald |
| Children | 4, including Garret |
Background
editBorn Mabel Washington McConnell on 4 July 1884, she was the daughter of John McConnell, a whiskey salesman from Belfast, and his wife Margaret Neill. She was the granddaughter of a Presbyterian farmer near the city. McConnell received her early education at Victoria College in Belfast, and went on to earn a Bachelor of Arts from Queen's University Belfast in 1906. [1] At Queen's, she developed her positions on republicanism, women's rights and her socialist politics along with her sister Eilis. She had a strong interest in the Irish language. She was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union, Sinn Féin and the Gaelic League.[2]
After graduating, McConnell was secretary to the President of Queen's University before moving to London in 1908 to complete a postgraduate teaching certificate in Saint Mary's Training College, Paddington. She worked for a time as a school teacher in Ilford.[3] In 1909, she was a secretary to George Bernard Shaw for several months while his permanent secretary, Judy Gilmore, was ill.[4] She continued to remain friends with Shaw and his wife, maintaining a correspondence for a number of years.[5]
Family
editMcConnell met her husband Desmond FitzGerald in London in 1910 at a language seminar run by the Gaelic League, of which she was a committee member. She was the more passionate radical, but to see her, FitzGerald attended political meetings and soon became as active.[6][7] In March 1911 she did secretarial work for George Moore. In later years FitzGerald wrote to Shaw to urge him to support Irish separatism.[8][6][9]
She and FitzGerald eloped in 1911 when she discovered she was pregnant; they lived in France until moving to Dingle, County Kerry in March 1913.[2] They were later expelled from Kerry by the British as they were suspected of signalling the Germans. The couple then moved to Bray. They had four children: Desmond (1911–1987), Pierce (1914–1986), Fergus (1920–1983) and Garret (1926–2011).[6][9] Her son Garret followed his father into Irish politics, becoming Taoiseach twice.[10]
Easter Rising and War of Independence
editMcConnell Fitzgerald was in the General Post Office, the rebellion headquarters during the 1916 Rising. However, after the first days of the Rising, Pearse objected to having both parents of small children taking part and told McConnell Fitzgerald to go home.[6]
She was the organiser of her husband's election campaign in 1918[11][12] with the phrase "Put Him In To Get Him Out",[13] since at the time he was in fact in gaol in Gloucester as a result of his nationalist activities. He was duly elected and joined the Irish Dáil, refusing to take up his seat in Westminster.[12]
Civil War and after
editMcConnell Fitzgerald had been on the executive council of Cumann na mBan from 1918 until 1921, when she resigned.[11][14] McConnell Fitzgerald was not in favour of the Treaty; however, her husband was on the Pro-Treaty side. Her letters, such as those with hunger-striker Ernie O'Malley, suggest that while her husband was Minister for External Affairs in the government during the Irish Civil War, she remained opposed to the Treaty.[6][9] Later she came to agree more with her husband's point of view, especially after the assassination of Kevin O'Higgins.[15] She converted to Catholicism in 1943. She also became more conservative as she got older, less impressed with the results of universal suffrage.[16]
She also taught in the school started and run by Louise Gavan Duffy.[17] While she retired from political life to raise her family, her husband went on to be Minister for Defence and a Senator.[11][18]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ http://hearthni.org.uk/projects/college-green/
- ^ a b Foster 2014, p. 141.
- ^ University College Dublin 1993, p. 372.
- ^ University College Dublin 1993, pp. 372–373.
- ^ University College Dublin 1993, pp. 391–392.
- ^ a b c d e The Irish Echo 2011.
- ^ Bourke 2002, p. 1428.
- ^ Foster 2014, p. 38.
- ^ a b c History Hub 2016.
- ^ Cowell 2011.
- ^ a b c Foster 2014, p. 45.
- ^ a b Vulliamy 2016.
- ^ Mansergh 1969, p. 18.
- ^ University College Dublin 1993, p. 388.
- ^ Breen 2001.
- ^ Foster 2014, p. xxvi.
- ^ Ricorso Online Biography 2011.
- ^ Houses of the Oireachtas 2016.
Bibliography
edit- Bourke, Angela (2002). The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing. Irish Women's Writing and Traditions. Vol. V. Washington Square, New York: NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-9907-9.
- Breen, Suzanne (30 April 2001). "'IRA war' brought Dublin, London closer". The Irish Times. Dublin, Ireland.
- Cowell, Alan (19 May 2011). "Garret FitzGerald, Ex-Irish Premier, Dies at 85". The New York Times. New York City, New York.
- Foster, Robert Fitzroy (2014). Vivid Faces: The Revolutionary Generation in Ireland, 1890–1923. London England: Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-196956-5.
- Mansergh, Nicholas (23 January 1969). "The Memoirs of Desmond Fitzgerald 1913– 1916 (Routledge and Kegan". The Spectator. London, England. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- Vulliamy, Ed (27 March 2016). "My family's link to the 1916 Easter Rising". The Guardian. London, England. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
- "Garret Fitzgerald". Ricorso Online Biography. 27 May 2011.
- "Mabel FitzGerald Correspondence". History Hub. 2016.
- "One family's Rising: Interview with Garret FitzGerald in 2006". New York City, New York: The Irish Echo. 22 May 2011.
- "Papers of Desmond and Mabel FitzGerald: UCD Archives" (PDF). University College Dublin. 1993.
- "Seanad Members' Directory: Mr. Desmond FitzGerald". Houses of the Oireachtas. 2016.