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Lorimar Television

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Lorimar Productions, Inc., later known as Lorimar Television and Lorimar Distribution, was an American production company that was later a subsidiary of Warner Bros., active from 1969[1][2][3] until 1993, when it was folded into Warner Bros. Television (now Warner Bros. Television Studios). It was founded by Irwin Molasky, Merv Adelson, and Lee Rich. The company's name was a portmanteau of the name of Adelson's then wife, Lori, and Palomar Airport.[1]

Lorimar Productions, Inc.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryEntertainment
FoundedFebruary 1, 1969; 55 years ago (1969-02-01)[1]
Founders
DefunctJuly 14, 1993; 31 years ago (1993-07-14)
Fate
Successors
Headquarters10202 West Washington Boulevard,
Culver City, California
,
U.S.
ProductsTelevision and film production
Parent

History

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Early years and merger with Telepictures (1969–86)

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In the late 1960s, Lorimar Productions was founded with the aid of a bank loan of $185,000 from Adelson. Prior to Lorimar, Rich had an established reputation first as an advertising executive at Benton & Bowles, then as a television producer, co-producing (with Walter Mirisch) successful series such as The Rat Patrol.

Lorimar initially produced made-for-television movies for the ABC Movie of the Week.[1] Rich bought the script to an adaptation of Earl Hamner Jr.'s novel The Homecoming and subsequently sold the rights to CBS. The Homecoming: A Christmas Story, airing during the 1971 holiday season, was a ratings success, and served as the pilot for Lorimar's first major hit, The Waltons, which premiered in 1972.[1] Throughout the 1970s, Lorimar produced a number of hit shows, including Eight Is Enough; of these, the most popular by far was Dallas.[4]

Lorimar's operations gradually expanded, first with a syndication unit.[5][6][7] In late 1978, Lorimar Productions and United Artists entered into a partnership; UA distributed Lorimar-produced films, while Lorimar sought to adapt UA properties into television series. However, nothing would come of the latter, and UA's distribution deal with Lorimar ended in 1980.[8] In 1980, Lorimar purchased the Allied Artists Pictures Corporation library.[4]

In the 1984–85 season, three of the top 10 shows in the United States were produced by Lorimar; Dallas, Knots Landing, and Falcon Crest. In the mid-1980s, Lorimar's output swung toward family-friendly sitcoms; among these were The Hogan Family (initially titled Valerie), Perfect Strangers, and Full House, which were produced by Miller-Boyett Productions. 1985 saw a concerted effort to expand into the lucrative field of first-run syndication with the acquisition of Syndivision, whose rights include syndication of The Greatest American Hero and It's a Living, with ultimately-aborted plans to tape new episodes of the CBS game show Press Your Luck.[9][10]

In October 1985, Lorimar, as part of their first-run syndication expansion,[1] announced it would merge with television syndication firm Telepictures, becoming Lorimar-Telepictures.[11][12][13] That same year Lorimar announced their intention to buy a 15% share in the then-financially troubled Warner Communications. On February 19, 1986, the Lorimar-Telepictures merger was completed and the company started trading on the New York Stock Exchange as "LT".[14] In 1986 they purchased the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio lot in Culver City, as well as the Metrocolor laboratory from Ted Turner. L-T turned around and sold off the Metrocolor facility to Technicolor for $60 million.[15] Around that same year, Rich left the company and moved to MGM.[1]

Purchase by Warner Communications and merger with Warner Bros. Television (1987–93)

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In 1987, Lorimar-Telepictures's production arm became Lorimar Television and the L-T distribution business was rebranded as Lorimar Syndication.[16] This was part of a strategy where the Lorimar name would be used as an operating name for all of L-T's business units.[17] Plans were announced for a TV series based on TV Guide magazine, but these plans did not come to fruition (TV Guide would come to television in 1999, when the Prevue Channel was rebranded as the TV Guide Channel).[18]

In January 12, 1989, Lorimar was purchased by Warner Communications,[2][19] which in 1990 merged with Time Inc. to form Time Warner. Lorimar's distribution business was folded into Warner Bros. Television Distribution and became Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution; since then, the Telepictures name has been resurrected as both a production company (circa 1990), and once again as a syndication company (1995).

The former MGM studio lot was sold to Sony to house Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, and Sony's other operations towards the end of 1989 with the facilities renamed as Columbia Studios (now Sony Pictures Studios) at the beginning of 1990. In 1990, David Salzman left Lorimar to start Millennium Productions, an independent production company allied with WB.[20] In 1991, after Orion Pictures shut down its television unit, Gary Nardino moved to Lorimar, taking some Orion-produced shows and talent deals (Thomas Carter, Robert Townsend, Paul Stojanovich, Clifton Campbell and Deborah Joy LeVine) with them.[21] In 1992, Barbara Corday, former CBS executive, struck a deal with the studio.[22]

Lorimar continued as a production company until September 1993, when it was eventually folded into Warner Bros. Television, primarily for economic reasons.[23] The last series to premiere under the Lorimar name was Time Trax, as part of the Prime Time Entertainment Network programming block. Several shows slated to be Lorimar productions, such as Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Living Single, It Had to Be You, Café Americain, The Trouble with Larry and Family Album ended up being produced by Warner Bros.[24]

Les Moonves, who would later become the chairman and CEO of CBS Corporation, was the president and CEO of Lorimar Television from 1990 to 1993. Moonves then became the chairman of Warner Bros. Television after the merger with Lorimar.

Additionally, Lorimar owned key components of the film library of the defunct Allied Artists film studio (originally Monogram Pictures), which includes Cabaret and Papillon; these, too, are now owned by Warner. After the merger with Telepictures, they also took possession of the Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment animation house, along with the post-1973 library of that company, including its entry into the 1980s animation market, ThunderCats, which ran until 1989; a Warner Bros. Animation-produced revival show aired on Cartoon Network for one season in 2011.

Other ventures

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Theatrical films

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Lorimar was not restricted to producing television programs. They also sporadically produced theatrical motion pictures, most of which were originally distributed by other studios; these were produced under the banner of Lorimar Motion Pictures (or sometimes Lorimar Pictures). Lorimar's entrance into feature films was predominantly sanctioned by Adelson; Rich was vehemently against it. This asset was among the many factors that led to Rich's exit from the studio in 1986.[1]

Lorimar ended their original distribution pact with United Artists in 1980, soon after purchasing the Allied Artists library, due mainly to dissatisfaction with UA's scattershot marketing of Lorimar productions.[4] Subsequently, much of Lorimar's film output was distributed by either Universal or Paramount domestically. By late 1984, the entire unit began to ramp up operations, including a deal with Sidney Lumet to develop feature films.[25] In 1985, it entered into a partnership with Producers Sales Organization, handling worldwide sales, and 20th Century Fox, which took over North American distribution rights to many of its theatrical films.[26][27] By 1986, Lorimar Motion Pictures had signed international distribution agreements with a joint venture of TCF and The Walt Disney Company called U.K. Film Distributors in the United Kingdom, France's UGC and German's Neue Constantin Film, along with Toho-Towa in Japan.[28]

In January 1987, the film unit was renamed Lorimar Film Entertainment to coincide with its newly formed in-house distribution unit; this superseded the previous deal with Fox.[29][30] That year, New Century/Vista Film Co., a joint venture of The Vista Organization and New Century Entertainment, struck a deal with Lorimar for international distribution.[31] Several Vista productions were distributed by Lorimar, including Rented Lips, Pass the Ammo and Fright Night Part II.[32] Lorimar also acquired international theatrical and other ancillary rights to Return of the Living Dead Part II.[33]

In May 1987, Craig Bamgaurten, who had been with Lorimar Motion Pictures since 1984, announced that he would resign his post as president in December, and Peter Chernin took over as president of Lorimar Film Entertainment.[34]

In 1988, following the announcement of L-T's merger with Warner Communications, Lorimar struck a new distribution deal with Warner Bros. This deal effectively ended Lorimar's in-house distribution wing; under Warner, Lorimar continued to make theatrical films until 1990.[35] The theatrical film library of Lorimar was subsequently folded into Warner Bros. Pictures.

Warner Bros. now owns most of Lorimar's catalogue, though a few films remained with their original distributors.

Home video

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In 1984, Lorimar purchased Karl Video Corporation (KVC), also known as Karl Home Video, which was named after its founder, Stuart Karl (1953–1991). KVC, which was best known for producing the bestselling Jane Fonda's Workout exercise videos, was renamed Karl-Lorimar Home Video after the acquisition. However, Lorimar continued to license library product (primarily Allied Artists titles) to CBS/Fox Video (as well as sub-labels Key Video and Playhouse Video) for some time.

After the Lorimar buyout, Karl-Lorimar began to expand, first with a deal to distribute movies from Lorimar Motion Pictures.[36] Third-party distribution deals were struck with VCL Communications and De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, while laying groundwork for international expansion that saw Lorimar titles released in the UK through Guild Home Video and The Video Collection (the latter company handling children's titles, including titles from the Scholastic-Lorimar Home Video venture).[37][38][39][40]

In late 1986, a new broadcast-style home video branding, "KLV-TV" (advertised as being "Your Personal Network") was introduced.[41] Other areas of growth included Karl-Lorimar's distribution of the Shades of Love direct-to-video romance series (in cooperation with Canada's Astral Film Enterprises)[42] and Jazzvisions, featuring jazz concerts from Herbie Hancock, Antonio Carlos Jobim, John Scofield, George Duke, Tito Puente and Etta James, as well as a big-band jazz production of Porgy and Bess.[43]

By early 1987, while the company's expansion (including a deal with international film distributor Cinecom Entertainment Group)[44] continued, the relationship between Lorimar and Karl had turned sour, primarily thanks to the division racking up financial losses from failed experiments; as a result, Karl resigned in March 1987 due to violating the company's ethical guidelines.[45] Karl-Lorimar continued to exist under the name Lorimar Home Video, with a new push intended for Lorimar theatrical releases; however, this wouldn't last long, as Lorimar Home Video closed in 1989 following the Warner merger, and was folded into Warner Home Video.[46][47][48][49]

In Australia, Lorimar joined a venture with Village Roadshow to create Roadshow Lorimar Home Video, which distributed movie titles by Lorimar Motion Pictures in that country.

Television stations

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Main article: Lorimar-Telepictures § Broadcasting

Record label

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In 1979, Lorimar formed Lorimar Records, whose first release was the soundtrack to the film The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh. The label would have very few artists signed to it. It was mainly distributed by Columbia Records, but it was also distributed for one album from The Coyote Sisters by Motown via the Morocco subsidiary. Lorimar Records' final release was the soundtrack to Action Jackson (1988), which in that case was distributed by Atlantic Records.[50]

Sports broadcasting

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Main article: Lorimar Sports Network

Advertising

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Lorimar also expanded into advertising during the 1980s;[51] it first acquired Kenyon & Eckhardt, an advertising agency, in 1983.[52] It then acquired Bozell Jacobs in 1985, and merged it with Kenyon to form Bozell, Jacobs, Kenyon & Eckhardt.[53][54] The firm was renamed to Bozell Worldwide in 1992.[55]

Filmography

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TV productions

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Lorimar's TV productions included:[56][57]

Theatrical feature films

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Most of Lorimar's film and television library,[58] with several exceptions, is now owned by Warner Bros. Several of Lorimar's films are still owned by their original distributors or third parties, which are marked with an asterisk (*).

Release Date Title Notes
February 28, 1971 The Sporting Club distributed by Embassy Pictures*
July 19, 1972 The Man in association with ABC Circle Films; distributed by Paramount Pictures*
November 7, 1974 The Tamarind Seed in association with ITC Entertainment*; distributed by Avco Embassy Pictures
February 9, 1977 Twilight's Last Gleaming distributed by Allied Artists; co-production with Bavaria Media GmbH*
December 23, 1977 The Choirboys distributed by Universal Pictures*
June 29, 1978 Fedora inherited from Allied Artists, distributed by United Artists; co-produced by Bavaria Media GmbH*
October 6, 1978 Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? originally distributed by Warner Bros.; WB summarily relinquished the rights, but reclaimed them after the Lorimar/WB merger
August 10, 1979 Americathon distributed by United Artists
October 16, 1979 Avalanche Express distributed by 20th Century Fox
November 6, 1979 The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh distributed by United Artists
December 19, 1979 Being There distributed by United Artists
Inducted into the National Film Registry in 2015
February 15, 1980 Cruising distributed by United Artists
May 23, 1980 Carny distributed by United Artists
July 18, 1980 The Big Red One distributed by United Artists
March 20, 1981 The Postman Always Rings Twice co-production with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer;[59] distributed by Paramount Pictures
April 24, 1981 Night School distributed by Paramount Pictures
May 5, 1981 Second-Hand Hearts distributed by Paramount Pictures
June 5, 1981 The Sea Wolves distributed by Paramount Pictures
July 1, 1981 S.O.B. distributed by Paramount Pictures
July 30, 1981 Victory distributed by Paramount Pictures
February 12, 1982 Love & Money distributed by Paramount Pictures
August 13, 1982 An Officer and a Gentleman co-production with Paramount Pictures*
October 8, 1982 Fast-Walking distributed by the Pickman Film Corporation
October 8, 1982 Lookin' to Get Out distributed by Paramount Pictures
October 21, 1983 The Dead Zone in silent partnership with Dino De Laurentiis Corporation, distributed by Paramount Pictures, who still owns major rights today*
March 16, 1984 Tank distributed by Universal Pictures*
July 1984 Scream for Help
July 13, 1984 The Last Starfighter distributed by Universal Pictures*
January 31, 1986 Power distributed by 20th Century Fox
June 27, 1986 American Anthem distributed by Columbia Pictures
August 14, 1986 The Boy Who Could Fly distributed by 20th Century Fox
December 25, 1986 The Morning After distributed by 20th Century Fox
September 16, 1987 In the Mood a co-production with Kings Road Entertainment
September 18, 1987 Orphans
October 2, 1987 Big Shots distributed by 20th Century Fox
November 1987 Hearts of Fire
November 6, 1987 Made in Heaven
November 11, 1987 Siesta U.S. distribution
January 15, 1988 Return of the Living Dead Part II
February 12, 1988 Action Jackson
April 15, 1988 Tokyo Pop distributed by International SpectraFilm
April 22, 1988 World Gone Wild pickup from Apollo Pictures for U.S. theatrical distribution
April 29, 1988 Two Moon Junction pickup from DDM Film Corporation for U.S. theatrical distribution; produced with The Samuel Goldwyn Company*
September 9, 1988 Running on Empty distributed by Warner Bros.*
December 21, 1988 Dangerous Liaisons distributed by Warner Bros.*
October 29, 1988 Moonwalker distributed internationally by Warner Bros.*
February 24, 1989 Bert Rigby, You're a Fool distributed by Warner Bros.*
The Toxic Avenger Part II distributed and co-produced by Troma Entertainment*
March 24, 1989 Dead Bang distributed by Warner Bros.*
April 14, 1989 See You in the Morning distributed by Warner Bros.*
August 23, 1989 Cookie distributed by Warner Bros.*
October 20, 1989 Next of Kin distributed by Warner Bros.*
November 3, 1989 Second Sight distributed by Warner Bros.*
August 24, 1990 The Witches distributed by Warner Bros.*

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Lee Rich Interview: Archive of American Television. Retrieved on November 24, 2010.
  2. ^ a b "Crash Landing Merv Adelson—TV mogul, multimillionaire, and friend of the famous—lived a show-business fantasy. His bankruptcy has shocked Hollywood". money.cnn.com. November 10, 2003.
  3. ^ "Lorimar Reports $19.2-Million Loss". Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1988.
  4. ^ a b c Aljean Harmetz (March 21, 1981). "Small Movie Companies Gamble For 'One Big Hit'". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "Closed Circuit" (PDF). Broadcasting. May 10, 1976. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  6. ^ "(print ad)" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 6, 1978. Retrieved November 24, 2021.
  7. ^ "Denault was head of production at CBS, Lorimar TV". Variety. August 27, 2010. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
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  9. ^ "Lorimar Goes Into the Firstrun Field; Picks Up 8 Series". Variety. June 5, 1985. p. 42.
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  11. ^ "Lorimar in Merger". The Pittsburgh Press. October 7, 1985.
  12. ^ Sherman, Stratford P.; Caminiti, Susan (May 12, 1986). "A TV TITAN WAGERS A WAD ON MOVIES". CNN Money. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
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  14. ^ "Bottom Line" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 24, 1986. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
  15. ^ Galbraith, Jane (September 10, 1986). "Technicolor Parent Partnered To Buy MGM Laboratories". Variety. p. 3.
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  19. ^ "THE MEDIA BUSINESS: Advertising; Warner Merges With Lorimar". The New York Times. Associated Press. January 12, 1989. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
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  22. ^ "Telepictures targets prime time and more" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 10, 1992. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
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  24. ^ Lowry, Brian (July 14, 1993). "Moonves rises in WB combo". Variety. Retrieved August 13, 2021.
  25. ^ "Lorimar Inks Lumet To Three-Year Pact". Variety. August 28, 1985. p. 3.
  26. ^ "See Broad Implications in Lorimar-PSO Deal". Variety. May 15, 1985. p. 7.
  27. ^ "Lorimar Partnership Sales Climb; Five Name Films Put Into Hopper". Variety. March 12, 1986. p. 7.
  28. ^ "Lorimar Finishes Scouting Distribs For Output Deals; Ink UGC, Neue". Variety. May 21, 1986. p. 8.
  29. ^ Associated Press. "Movie Deal." Merced Sun-Star (January 17, 1987)
  30. ^ Tusher, Will (January 21, 1987). "Lorimar going the distribution route; ends Fox pact; changes names". Variety. pp. 3, 237.
  31. ^ Hollinger, Hy (January 21, 1987). "Vista, New Century Pics To Be Repped Overseas By Lorimar". Variety. pp. 2, 237.
  32. ^ "Add 3 Features To Lorimar-Vista Pact". Variety. May 27, 1987. p. 24.
  33. ^ "Lorimar To Distrib Greenfox' 'Living Dead II', Public Offering". Variety. February 18, 1987. p. 40.
  34. ^ "Baumgarten Exits Lorimar Prez Post; Chernin At Reins". Variety. May 27, 1987. pp. 4, 32.
  35. ^ "In Brief" (PDF). World Radio History. June 27, 1988. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  36. ^ "Karl/Lorimar Seeking To License Major Pics Via Cash From Parent". Variety. October 23, 1985. p. 31.
  37. ^ Bierbaum, Tom (March 26, 1986). "K/L To Distribute VCL Fare; De Laurentiis Pact Leads Label's Foray Into Rental Mkt". Variety. p. 45.
  38. ^ Bierbaum, Tom (April 23, 1986). "Four Original Karl/Lorimar Films Scheduled For Release This Fall". Variety. p. 33.
  39. ^ "Karl/Lorimar Kidvid Distributed In U.K. By Video Collection". Variety. July 16, 1986. p. 31.
  40. ^ "Lorimar Pitches Alternative Fare For O'seas Sales, Sponsor Tie-Ins". Variety. October 15, 1986. pp. 49, 108.
  41. ^ "Karl/Lorimar Repositions Its Line Via 'Fourth-Net' Marketing Pitch". Variety. August 27, 1986. p. 31.
  42. ^ Bierbaum, Tom (November 26, 1986). "Karl/Lorimar To Woo Romantics With 'Shades Of Love' Cassettes". Variety. p. 41.
  43. ^ "K/L To Coproduce HV Jazz Concerts". Variety. December 3, 1986. pp. 38, 40.
  44. ^ "K/L Snags Cinecom Seven-Pack Via Sweetened Fee Agreement". Variety. March 11, 1987. p. 91.
  45. ^ Bierbaum, Tom (March 18, 1987). "Karl Exits From Firm He Started After L-T Charges Ethics Breath". Variety. pp. 71–72.
  46. ^ "Gottlieb Named As CEO Of Lorimar; Theatrical Push Is In The Works". Variety. June 3, 1987. p. 59.
  47. ^ Howe, Tom. "Stuart Karl – Who's Who in RCA VideoDisc". www.cedmagic.com. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  48. ^ "Mergers" (PDF). World Radio History. June 27, 1988. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  49. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (February 7, 1988). "TROUBLED ENTREPRENEUR: Stuart Karl; From Fonda and Hart To Flops and Hot Water". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  50. ^ "Lorimar Records". Discogs.
  51. ^ Todd S. Purdum (September 11, 1985). "Operating Officer Resigns at Lorimar". The New York Times.
  52. ^ "Bozell Jacobs Trims Its Name". The New York Times. March 31, 1989.
  53. ^ "Firm to Pay $40 Million for Ad Agency : Lorimar Will Buy Bozell Jacobs". Los Angeles Times. June 13, 1985.
  54. ^ "Lorimar To Acquire Bozell". The New York Times. June 13, 1985.
  55. ^ Stuart Elliott (May 27, 1992). "A Shake-Up For Bozell". The New York Times. will be consolidated into one, called Bozell Worldwide.
  56. ^ "Toy-based Tv: Effects On Children Debated". The New York Times. February 3, 1986.
  57. ^ "Networks Face a Drop In Viewing by Children". The New York Times. May 25, 1988.
  58. ^ Paul Vitello (May 30, 2012). "Lee Rich Dies at 93; Helped Create Both J.R. and John-Boy". The New York Times.
  59. ^ "The Postman always rings twice / an Andrew Braunsberg production; produced in association with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; produced by Charles Mulvehill and Bob Rafelson; directed by Bob Rafelson" (PA0000100011 / 1981-05-04). United States Copyright Office.
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