Wikipedia

Howard Beach

(Redirected from Lindenwood, Queens)
This article is about the neighborhood. For the British harpsichord player, see Howard Beach (harpsichordist).

Howard Beach is a neighborhood in the southwestern portion of the New York City borough of Queens. It is bordered to the north by the Belt Parkway and Conduit Avenue in Ozone Park, to the south by Jamaica Bay in Broad Channel, to the east by 102nd–104th Streets in South Ozone Park, and to the west by 75th Street in East New York, Brooklyn. The area consists mostly of low-rise single-family detached houses.

Howard Beach
Neighborhood in Queens
Homes on Hawtree Creek
Homes on Hawtree Creek
Map
Location within New York City
Country United States
State New York
City New York City
County/Borough Queens
Community DistrictQueens 10[1]
Named forWilliam J. Howard
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
26,148
Economics
 • Median income$91,175
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
11414
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

Howard Beach is located in Queens Community District 10 and its ZIP Code is 11414.[1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 106th Precinct.[2] Politically, Howard Beach is represented by the New York City Council's 32nd District.[3]

History

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Cross Bay Boulevard

Early development

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Howard Beach was established in 1897 by William J. Howard, a Brooklyn glove manufacturer who operated a 150-acre (61 ha) goat farm on meadow land near Aqueduct Racetrack as a source of skin for kid gloves. In 1897, he bought more land and filled it in and the following year, built 18 cottages and opened a hotel near the water, which he operated until it was destroyed by fire in October 1907. He gradually bought more land and formed the Howard Estates Development Company in 1909. He dredged and filled the land until he was able to accumulate 500 acres (200 ha) by 1914. He laid out several streets, water mains and gas mains, and built 35 houses that were priced in the $2,500–$5,000 range.

The Long Island Rail Road established a station named Ramblersville in 1905 and a Post Office by the same name opened soon thereafter. A casino, beach, and fishing pier were added in 1915 and the name of the neighborhood was changed to Howard Beach on April 6, 1916. Development continued and ownership was expanded to a group of investors who sold lots for about $690 each starting in 1922. Development, however, was limited to the areas east of Cross Bay Boulevard near the LIRR station now known as Bernard Coleman Memorial Square (then Lilly Place). The rest of Howard Beach consisted of empty marsh land except for the area to the south of Coleman Square, centered around Russell and 102nd Streets, which consisted of many small fishing bungalows that dotted alongside Hawtree Creek and Jamaica Bay. This area of Howard Beach retained the name Ramblersville. In 1919, the LIRR established opened the Hamilton Beach station, located about a quarter-mile south of the Howard Beach station at Coleman Square.

After World War II, Queens and Long Island experienced a significant suburban building boom. The marshland west of Cross Bay Boulevard was filled in, paving the way for the construction of numerous Cape Cod and High Ranch-style homes on 50-by-100-foot (15 by 30 m) and 60-by-100-foot (18 by 30 m) lots. This area was developed as Rockwood Park to the north and Spring Park to the south, together comprising what would be known as New Howard Beach, while the area east of the boulevard became known as Old Howard Beach.

In the early 1950s, farmland north of Rockwood Park was transformed with the addition of red-brick, two-story garden-style cooperative apartments, six-story co-op and condo buildings, and private two-family homes. This new neighborhood was named Lindenwood. Development continued through the 1960s and 1970s, with Cross Bay Boulevard emerging as the primary shopping district for the area.

In the 1990s and 2000s, many older homes in the neighborhood were demolished and replaced with McMansions.

Post-1980s

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Hate crimes

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In 1986 and 2005, Howard Beach became the site of two widely publicized anti-Black hate crimes.

On December 20, 1986, Michael Griffith, a 23-year-old Black man, was killed in Howard Beach in a racist attack. Griffith, along with Cedric Sandiford and Timothy Grimes, sought assistance in Howard Beach after their car broke down on Cross Bay Boulevard. They were attacked by a group of white youths at New Park Pizza, severely beating Griffith and Sandiford. Fleeing the assault, Griffith ran onto the Belt Parkway and was struck and killed by a motorist. New York City Mayor Ed Koch compared the attack to a lynching.

Black civil rights activists organized protests in Howard Beach and surrounding neighborhoods, calling for boycotts of white-owned businesses. During protests, mostly Black marchers carried signs comparing Howard Beach to apartheid-era South Africa, while white residents displayed racist signs.[4] Three local teenagers—Jon Lester, Scott Kern, and Jason Ladone—were convicted of manslaughter, while another assailant was acquitted.

On June 29, 2005, a group of local white men in Howard Beach attacked three Black men with baseball bats, resulting in one victim being hospitalized with serious injuries. Police arrested two of the attackers, including Nicholas Minucci, who claimed the victims had attempted to rob him.[5] Minucci, 20, was found guilty on June 10, 2006 of robbery and the racist attack of Glenn Moore, during which he used a racial slur.[6] On July 17, 2006, Minucci was sentenced to 15 years in prison.[7]

Hurricane Sandy

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As Hurricane Sandy approached New York on October 28, 2012, city officials ordered the evacuation of residents in Zone A neighborhoods, including the Hamilton Beach section of Howard Beach, due to the threat of severe storm surges. Most of Howard Beach was in Zone B, where evacuation was voluntary. Many residents chose to remain, influenced by the relatively minor impact of Hurricane Irene the previous year.

On October 29, Sandy made landfall, bringing a ten-foot storm surge from Jamaica Bay that flooded Old Howard Beach, New Howard Beach, Broad Channel, the Rockaways, parts of Lindenwood, and sections of Ozone Park. The storm caused widespread destruction, including extensive damage to homes, businesses along Cross Bay Boulevard, the Howard Beach–JFK Airport subway station, and the IND Rockaway Line trestle over Jamaica Bay. Power outages lasted upwards three weeks.

After Sandy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the New York City Office of Emergency Management provisionally re-classified Howard Beach, along with the Brooklyn neighborhoods of Gerritsen Beach and Red Hook, as Zone A neighborhoods. The Howard Beach post office, heavily damaged during the storm, reopened on April 5, 2013, following significant repairs.[8]

Geography

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Cross Bay Boulevard
 
Coleman Square

Like many New York City neighborhoods, Howard Beach is composed of several smaller neighborhoods including Howard Beach, Old Howard Beach, Hamilton Beach, Ramblersville, Spring Park, Rockwood Park, Lindenwood, and Howard Park. Often, Old Howard Beach, Ramblersville, Howard Park, and Hamilton Beach are collectively referred to as "Old Howard Beach." The main section of Howard Beach is a small peninsula bordered by the Belt Parkway and Conduit Avenue to the north, Jamaica Bay to the south, Hawtree Creek to the east (separating it from Hamilton Beach), and Shellbank Basin to the west, which separates it from Cross Bay Boulevard.

Cross Bay Boulevard serves as Howard Beach's primary commercial hub. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was lined predominantly with locally owned shops and restaurants. Since the 1990s, chain stores and franchises have become more prominent along the boulevard. Former entertainment landmarks included Kiddie-Park and Cross-Bay Lanes. The Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge, named after a former U.S. Representative from the district, carries Cross Bay Boulevard over Jamaica Bay, linking mainland Queens to Broad Channel.

Bernard Coleman Memorial Square, near the Howard Beach – JFK Airport station, is a small plaza featuring a memorial honoring soldiers from Howard Beach who died in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.[9][10]

Hamilton Beach

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Hamilton Beach is bordered by the 102nd Street Creek to the north, the IND Rockaway Line tracks and JFK Airport to the east, Hawtree Creek to the west, and Jamaica Bay to the south. Before incorporation, Hamilton Beach was characterized by dirt roads, bungalow-style homes, and the absence of a sewer system. Often referred to as West Hamilton Beach,[11] it is one of the few New York City communities with its own volunteer fire department. East Hamilton Beach, once located on the east side of the Long Island Rail Road tracks, was demolished in the 1940s to allow for the expansion of Idlewild Airport (now JFK Airport). The neighborhood has no connection to Hamilton Beach Brands.[12][11]

Until June 27, 1955, Hamilton Beach had a station on the LIRR's Rockaway Beach Branch. The station was closed when much of the branch was sold to the New York City Transit Authority. The community consists of one main road, 104th Street, with ten dead-end blocks connected to it, surrounded mostly by water. There is a single vehicular entrance and two pedestrian access points: a boardwalk linking the Howard Beach-JFK Airport station at Coleman Square to 104th Street, and the Hawtree Basin pedestrian bridge, which connects Hamilton Beach to Old Howard Beach.

Hamilton Beach features a small park at its southern end, including a 200-foot baseball field, a handball court, a jungle gym, and a beach. Gateways Hamilton Beach Park, located south of 165th Avenue, serves as the final stop for the Q11 bus. Since the early 21st century, housing development in the area has increased.

Lindenwood

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Lindenwood, a section of Howard Beach, was developed in the 1950s and 1960s on landfill property and is considered part of New Howard Beach. The neighborhood features six-story orange- and red-brick apartment buildings constructed in the early to mid-1960s, smaller red-brick "garden apartments" built in the 1950s (visible from the Belt Parkway), and two-family homes, some attached, built in the 1960s. High-rise apartment buildings are primarily co-ops (red brick) or condominiums (orange brick), including Heritage House East and West, among the first condominium apartments in New York State. Additional townhouses near the Brooklyn border have been constructed since the 1970s. Many former playgrounds around apartment buildings have since been converted into sitting areas, with restrictions such as no dogs allowed.[13]

At the heart of Lindenwood is P.S. 232, now known as the Walter Ward School, named after a longtime local City Councilman.[14] The Lindenwood Shopping Center features a supermarket and about 20 stores. A second supermarket, "The Village," opened in the early 1970s but later housed a mall, flea market, bingo hall, private school, and ultimately became a walk-in medical center. Another small strip mall is located on Linden Boulevard, next to the Lindenwood Diner.

Historically, Lindenwood's population was predominantly Jewish, Italian, and Hispanic. When the Jewish population was larger, Temple Judea on 153rd Avenue and 80th Street served the community. The building was later converted into apartments after the synagogue merged with the Howard Beach Jewish Center in Rockwood Park. The neighborhood once had two pool clubs, later replaced by walk-up apartments and townhouses, including one near P.S. 232 that was redeveloped in 1980. A tennis bubble at 153rd Avenue and 79th Street was built around 1980.

Old Howard Beach

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Old Howard Beach is a section of Howard Beach that lies between Shellbank Basin and Hawtree Creek to the east of Cross Bay Boulevard. Coleman Square, Wetzel Triangle and Frank M. Charles Park are located in Old Howard Beach. The area is locally referred to as "Old Howard Beach" since it was the original place in which founder William Howard built his famous hotel, and later the area's first houses in the 1920s. The current housing in Old Howard Beach consists of several different types of houses. Those located near the former Howard Beach General Hospital (built in 1962) are mainly 1950s and 1960s detached two-family homes, while the areas near Coleman Square, Frank M. Charles Park, and Shellbank Basin contain primarily single-family homes. The Q11 bus serves the neighborhood.

Ramblersville

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c. 1900 photograph of Ramblersville by William M. Vander Weyde (1871–1929)

Ramblersville is a small neighborhood of about a dozen blocks between Hawtree Creek and JFK Airport.[15][16][17] It is nearly surrounded by waterways leading into Jamaica Bay. The neighborhood is bordered by 160th Avenue to the north, Hawtree Creek to the west (across which lies Old Howard Beach), the IND Rockaway Line to the east (beyond which are Bergen Basin and JFK Airport), and 102nd Street Creek to the south. 102nd Street crosses the creek to connect to Hamilton Beach at Russell Street. The neighborhood spans approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) on each side, and lacks the rectangular street grid of the surrounding neighborhoods.

Ramblersville is purportedly the oldest neighborhood in what later became Howard Beach and once considered itself independent of New York City when the city was unified. A 1905 Washington Post article described the neighborhood as having houses built on stilts, with a population of 1,000 in the summer and a dozen in the winter. In 1962, the city replaced the neighborhood’s private water mains; at that time, the population consisted of approximately 130 families.[18][19][20]

Fishing was a significant industry in the neighborhood. In 2001, The New York Times compared Ramblersville to a fishing village, having pebbled streets and wooden bungalows built on pilings, surrounded by tall grass and marshy fields.[21]

North of Ramblersville is 159th Drive, also called Remsen Place, named after Jeromus Remsen, an American Revolutionary War officer. This area was historically known as "Remsen's Landing." Before 1916, the entire area now known as Howard Beach was commonly referred to as Ramblersville, including Hamilton Beach to the south and Old Howard Beach to the west. The Howard Beach – JFK Airport station was originally the Ramblersville Station of the Long Island Rail Road.

Ramblersville is the smallest neighborhood in New York City in terms of real estate per square foot.[22][17]

Rockwood Park

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Rockwood Park primarily consists of single-family detached houses. Often referred to as part of "New Howard" by local residents, it is bounded by 78th and 92nd Streets (running north-south) and 156th and 165th Avenues (running east-west). Public transportation in the area is provided by the Q41 and Q21 bus routes. To the west of 78th Street, the neighborhood's westernmost boundary, lies Spring Creek Park, marking the border between Brooklyn and Queens.

The area remained undeveloped through the first half of the 1900s. After World War II, marshland west of Cross Bay Boulevard was filled in, leading to the construction of Cape Cod-style houses. In the 1960s and 1970s, high ranch-style houses were built. The area became associated with upscale living and was home to notable figures, including Gambino crime family boss John Gotti, who lived on 85th Street. Starting in the late 1980s and continuing through the 2000s, many original Cape Cod-style homes were replaced with McMansions.

Folk singer Woody Guthrie also lived in the neighborhood, at 159-13 85th Street, after moving from Coney Island.

Demographics

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Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the population of Howard Beach was 26,148, a change of -1,973 (-7.5%) from the 28,121 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,471.79 acres (595.61 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 17.8 inhabitants per acre (11,400/sq mi; 4,400/km2).[23] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 76.8% (20,069) White, 1.6% (413) African American, 0.1% (28) Native American, 3.5% (923) Asian, 0% (5) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (62) from other races, and 1% (249) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.8% (4,399) of the population.[24] As of 2022, half of the population is Italian or of Italian descent.[25]

The entirety of Community Board 10, which comprises Howard Beach, southern Ozone Park, and South Ozone Park, had 125,603 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.7 years.[26]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[27]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [28] Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 22% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 28% between 25 and 44, and 28% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 13% respectively.[26]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 10 was $73,891.[29] In 2018, an estimated 19% of Howard Beach and South Ozone Park residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in ten residents (10%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 56% in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Howard Beach and South Ozone Park are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[26]: 7 

Politics

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Howard Beach is part of the 15th State Senate district, represented by Joseph Addabbo Jr.,[30] and the 23rd State Assembly district, represented by Stacey Pheffer Amato.[31] It is part of District 32 in the New York City Council, represented by Joann Ariola.[32]

Following redistricting in 2012, the neighborhood was split between the 5th and 8th congressional districts. The 5th District covered the parts of Howard Beach east of 104th Street and the 8th District covered the rest of the neighborhood west of 104th Street.[33] These districts were represented by Gregory Meeks and Hakeem Jeffries respectively, as of 2018.[34]

Police and crime

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Howard Beach, southern Ozone Park, and South Ozone Park are patrolled by the 106th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 103-53 101st Street.[2] The 106th Precinct ranked 26th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. The rate of car thefts is high because of the area's proximity to the Belt Parkway.[35] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 32 per 100,000 people, Howard Beach and South Ozone Park's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 381 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[26]: 8 

The 106th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 81.3% between 1990 and 2018. In 2018, there were 6 murders, 16 rapes, 183 robberies, 246 felony assaults, 133 burglaries, 502 grand larcenies, and 97 grand larcenies auto recorded in the precinct.[36]

Fire safety

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Howard Beach contains a New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire station, Engine Co. 331/Ladder Co. 173, at 158-99 Cross Bay Boulevard.[37][38]

Hamilton Beach is served by the West Hamilton Beach Volunteer Fire Department, which has Engine 2 (Brush Unit), Engine 4, Engine 6, Ambulance 947 & 947-1, and two Chiefs vehicles,[39] as well as a water pump.[40]

Health

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As of 2018, preterm births are more common in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park than in other places citywide, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, there were 97 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 14.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[26]: 11  Howard Beach and South Ozone Park have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 8%, lower than the citywide rate of 12%.[26]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park is 0.0068 milligrams per cubic metre (6.8×10−9 oz/cu ft), less than the city average.[26]: 9  Twelve percent of Howard Beach and South Ozone Park residents are smokers, which is lower than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[26]: 13  In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, 27% of residents are obese, 19% are diabetic, and 34% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 22%, 8%, and 23% respectively.[26]: 16  In addition, 21% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[26]: 12 

Eighty-three percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is less than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 77% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", about equal to the city's average of 78%.[26]: 13  For every supermarket in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, there are eight bodegas.[26]: 10 

The nearest major hospitals are Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center in Brooklyn[41] and Jamaica Hospital in Jamaica.[42]

Post offices and ZIP Code

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Howard Beach is covered by the ZIP Code 11414.[43] The United States Postal Service operates two post offices nearby: the Station A post office at 160-50 Cross Bay Boulevard[44] and the Station B post office at 102-12 159th Avenue.[45]

Education

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Queens Public Library, Howard Beach branch

Howard Beach and South Ozone Park generally have a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. While 28% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 23% have less than a high school education and 49% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 39% of Queens residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[26]: 6  The percentage of Howard Beach and South Ozone Park students excelling in math rose from 33% in 2000 to 61% in 2011, and reading achievement rose from 37% to 48% during the same time period.[46]

Howard Beach and South Ozone Park's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is less than the rest of New York City. In Howard Beach and South Ozone Park, 18% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, lower than the citywide average of 20%.[27]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [26]: 6  Additionally, 82% of high school students in Howard Beach and South Ozone Park graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[26]: 6 

Schools

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Before the public elementary schools changed to K-8 schools, residents of Howard Beach that attended PS 207, PS 232 or PS 146 then went to Junior High School 202 (Robert H. Goddard Junior High School) for grades 7–8.[47] It is located on the northwest corner of Conduit Boulevard and Lafayette Place, and a footbridge crosses over Conduit Boulevard, allowing students from southern Howard Beach to attend the school. Some 9th graders also attended JHS 202.

For grades 9–12, residents could attend their zoned school which is John Adams High School in nearby Ozone Park. Others attended specialty high schools such as Beach Channel High School in Rockaway Park, or Catholic high schools such as Christ the King, St. Francis Prep, Stella Maris or Archbishop Molloy.

In July 2020, Our Lady of Grace Catholic School made the announcement that it would no longer be operating, as the Diocese took over the property and decided to close the educational component due to financial strain as an indirect result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[48]

Library

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The Queens Public Library operates the Howard Beach branch at 92-06 156th Avenue.[49]

Transportation

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The structure of the Howard Beach–JFK Airport station

The New York City Subway's Howard Beach–JFK Airport station, on the IND Rockaway Line (A train) was formerly a Long Island Rail Road station on the Rockaway Beach Branch. Frequent fires on the trestle to Broad Channel forced the LIRR to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the 1950s, which allowed New York City Transit to purchase the line in 1956.[50] The station provides a connection between the A train and Howard Beach JFK AirTrain route. Prior to the AirTrain JFK's opening, the Port Authority provided a free shuttle bus to the terminals at JFK Airport.[51]

Local bus service in the neighborhood is provided on the Q11, Q21, Q41, Q52 SBS and Q53 SBS. All of these routes are operated by MTA Bus Company. There are also the QM15, QM16 and QM17 express buses.[52]

Notable people

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Notable current and former residents of Howard Beach include:

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  • A 1989 TV movie was made based on the 1986 racial incident entitled Howard Beach: Making a Case for Murder.
  • In the 1989 Spike Lee movie Do the Right Thing, in a riot scene near the end of the film, a chant rises up: "Howard Beach! Howard Beach! Howard Beach!" This immediately follows a scene wherein a young Black man is killed by police using excessive force to break up a fight.[67]
  • On The Chris Rock Show, comedian Chris Rock proposed renaming Cross Bay Boulevard after Tupac Shakur, asking the predominantly white residents of the neighborhood to sign a petition.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "NYPD – 106th Precinct". www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  3. ^ Current City Council Districts for Queens County, New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.
  4. ^ Mack, Dwayne A. (2010). "Howard Beach Incident, 1986". In Alexander, Leslie; Rucker, Walter C. (eds.). Encyclopedia of African American History, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 814-816. ISBN 978-1-85109-769-2.
  5. ^ Burke, Kerry; El-Ghobashy, Tamer; Gendar, Alison (June 30, 2005). "Howard Beach 'Bias' Attack. Bat-Wielding Thug Clubs Black Man". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  6. ^ Kilgannon, Corey (June 10, 2006). "Batsman Convicted of Howard Beach Hate Crimes". New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  7. ^ Fenner, Austin; Shifrel, Scott (July 18, 2006). "Fat Nick Gets 15 Years". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 28, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  8. ^ "Howard Beach Post Office Reopens After Undergoing Sandy Repairs". NY1. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  9. ^ Lemire, Jonathan (September 22, 2002). "'Small town' has big pride – & image woes: The Howard Beach story". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
  10. ^ "Coleman Square, Howard Beach". Bridge and Tunnel Club.
  11. ^ a b "WEST HAMILTON BEACH, Queens". forgotten-ny.com. December 22, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  12. ^ "Ramblin' in Ramblersville". forgotten-ny.com. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  13. ^ Wendelken, Joseph (October 26, 2006). "Lindenwood Dog Days Coming And Going". Queens Chronicle. Retrieved January 17, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ "Welcome!". nyc.gov. December 22, 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  15. ^ Six photographs Archived June 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine by William M. Vander Weyde, American (1871(?)-1929)
  16. ^ Ramblin' in Ramblersville, Forgotten New York
  17. ^ a b Newman, Andy. "New York Today: Mr. de Blasio Goes to Albany". The New York Times. February 25, 2015.
  18. ^ "The Sewers Of Ramblersville / Abandoning cesspools would ease pollution of Jamaica Bay, but hookup costs are a concern". Newsday. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
  19. ^ "Venice in New York: Oddities of Ramblersville on a Jamaica Bay Creek". The Washington Post. July 30, 1905. p. A8.
  20. ^ "Section of Queens to Get New Mains", The New York Times, July 7, 1962, p. 8. Accessed June 7, 2022.
  21. ^ "Neighborhood Report: Howard Beach: Junk to You, Junk to Us Too, Embattled Residents Say", The New York Times, March 4, 2001. Accessed June 7, 2022.
  22. ^ "The Story of Ramblersville, New York's Smallest Neighborhood". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  23. ^ Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  24. ^ Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  25. ^ Domino, David. "A Nice Italian Neighborhood in Queens". WETHEITALIANS. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "South Ozone Park and Howard Beach (Including Howard Beach, Lindenwood, Old Howard Beach, Ozone Park and South Ozone Park)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  27. ^ a b "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  28. ^ "New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives". New York Post. June 4, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  29. ^ "NYC-Queens Community District 10--Howard Beach & Ozone Park PUMA, New York". Census Reporter. Archived from the original on May 3, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  30. ^ "2012 Senate District Maps: New York City" (PDF). The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  31. ^ "2012 Assembly District Maps: New York City" (PDF). The New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and Reapportionment. 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
  32. ^ "District 32". New York City Council. February 24, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  33. ^ New York Redistricting, New York Times (March 20, 2012).
  34. ^ "House Election Results: Democrats Take Control". The New York Times. November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  35. ^ "Ozone Park and Howard Beach – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  36. ^ "106th Precinct CompStat Report" (PDF). www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  37. ^ "Engine Company 331/Ladder Company 73". FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  38. ^ "FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies". NYC Open Data; Socrata. New York City Fire Department. September 10, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  39. ^ "West Hamilton Beach Fire Department – Howard Beach, NY". whbvfd.org. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  40. ^ "Hamilton Beach Volunteer Fire Department receives new equipment to combat tidal floods". QNS.com. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  41. ^ New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report, New York Academy of Medicine (October 3, 2014).
  42. ^ Finkel, Beth (February 27, 2014). "Guide To Queens Hospitals". Queens Tribune. Archived from the original on February 4, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  43. ^ "Howard Beach, New York City-Queens, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)". United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA). Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  44. ^ "Location Details: Station A". USPS.com. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  45. ^ "Location Details: Station B". USPS.com. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  46. ^ "S. Ozone Park / Howard Beach – QN 10" (PDF). Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy. 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
  47. ^ "Find a School – New York City Department of Education".
  48. ^ "Six Catholic Academies in Queens and Brooklyn to Close Due to Financial Strain Resulting from Pandemic | The Forum Newsgroup". theforumnewsgroup.com. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  49. ^ "Branch Detailed Info: Howard Beach". Queens Public Library. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  50. ^ "Rockaway Branch". Forgotten New York. Retrieved June 8, 2006.
  51. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (November 25, 2009). "If You Took the Train to the Plane, Sing the Jingle". The New York Times. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  52. ^ "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  53. ^ Katz, Michael. "Antuofermo, A 'Born Fighter,' Returns", The New York Times, September 13, 1984. Accessed December 28, 2016. "To be specific, he is an Italian-born fighter, who now lives in Howard Beach, Queens."
  54. ^ Joiner, Brian. "Howard Beach’s Marco Battaglia, A Panther, Is Super Bowl Bound", Queens Chronicle, January 29, 2004. Accessed June 7, 2022. "Battaglia, a former star at St. Francis Prep High School in Fresh Meadows and Rutgers University in New Jersey, was born and raised in Howard Beach and is the Panthers’ second-string tight end."
  55. ^ "Release of mafia rat Gene Borrello enrages his robbery victims". New York Post. December 19, 2019. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  56. ^ Joiner, Bryan. "From S. Ozone Park To Corona, Where A Car Is Not Just A Car", Queens Chronicle, September 30, 2004. Accessed June 7, 2022. "MTV personality DJ Skribble, a Howard Beach native, even opened his own store in South Ozone Park in August, which he claims can turn the oldest rusted-out clunker into a dream ride for your teenager.... Skribble lives in Howard Beach with his family and spends his free time at the shop with his three cars."
  57. ^ Araton, Harvey (September 20, 1994). "Sports of The Times; 'We've Lost Another of Our Kids'". New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2007. It was the finals of the United States Open, and it was Gerulaitis, out of Howard Beach, Queens, against McEnroe, out of Douglaston, Queens.
  58. ^ See:
  59. ^ "Queens Tribune Feature Story". Queenstribune.com. October 27, 1940. Archived from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
  60. ^ Celona, Larry; and Tacopino, Joe. "Feds raid Victoria Gotti's home, sons' auto-parts business", New York Post, September 15, 2016. Accessed December 28, 2016. "Victoria, who married Agnello in 1984, was raised in Howard Beach, Queens, where her 'Dapper Don' father ran the Gambino crime family."
  61. ^ Downes, Lawrence. "This Land Is His Land; Roaming Through Woody Guthrie’s New York", The New York Times, September 18, 2014. Accessed December 28, 2016. "Clockwise from top left, Will Geer's Fifth Avenue apartment, a 1940 Guthrie stop; his home in Howard Beach, Queens, in 1955; a Coney Island sign; and the Guthrie home in Queens today."
  62. ^ Novakovich, Lilana."And Emmy makes four; But fatherhood's a far bigger thrill for Hearst", The Province, September 6, 1991. Accessed June 7, 2022. "Born in Howard Beach, N.Y., Hearst moved to Texas with his mother at an early age (his parents are separated)."
  63. ^ Marzulli, John (April 14, 2011). "Joseph Massino, ex-Bonanno crime boss turned mob rat, gave feds $7 million he hid in his attic". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
  64. ^ Kellogg, Carolyn. "I Slept With Joey Ramone: A Family Memoir by Mickey Leigh with Legs McNeil; Leigh, the singer's younger brother, and music journalist McNeil handle their subject gracefully.", Los Angeles Times, January 28, 2010. Accessed December 28, 2016. "Jeff was always awkward, but when his parents became the first couple in their community to divorce, his troubles grew more pronounced. Tall and lanky, he was a target at school -- even more so after his mother remarried and moved her sons to Howard Beach."
  65. ^ Gustafson, Anna. "Howard Beach goes ga-ga for Pia", Queens Chronicle, March 10, 2011. Accessed December 28, 2016. "Toscano, a Howard Beach native who has been singing for nearly as long as she has been alive, was named one of the top 13 contestants on the show last Thursday."
  66. ^ Associated Press (February 5, 2017). "Man in Custody in Connection to Death of Jogger Karina Vetrano: Police Sources". NBC New York. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
  67. ^ Travers, Peter. "Do The Right Thing", Rolling Stone, June 30, 1989. Accessed December 28, 2016. "The pizzeria and the bat are just two of the references Lee makes to Howard Beach.... Raheem's senseless killing releases all Mookie's pent-up frustration and fury. It is Mookie who hurls the garbage can through Sal's window, inciting the crowd to shout, 'Howard Beach!'"
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40°39′29″N 73°50′24″W / 40.658°N 73.840°W / 40.658; -73.840

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