Lava Kusa (also spelled as Lava Kusha) is a 1963 Indian Hindu mythological film directed by C. Pullayya and C. S. Rao. Produced by Lalita Sivajyothi Films, the film is a remake of the 1934 production of the same name, which was also directed by C. Pullayya. The story is based on the Uttara Kanda of the Ramayana, focusing on Lava and Kusa, the twin sons of Rama and Sita. The cast includes N. T. Rama Rao as Rama, Anjali Devi as Sita, with Chittoor Nagayya, Kantha Rao, Sobhan Babu, S. Varalakshmi, and Kaikala Satyanarayana in supporting roles. The soundtrack features 27 songs, with the musical score primarily composed by Ghantasala.
| Lava Kusa | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | |
| Screenplay by |
|
| Dialogues by |
|
| Based on | Ramayana |
| Produced by | A. Sankara Reddy |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | P. L. Rai |
| Edited by | A. Sanjeevi |
| Music by | Ghantasala |
Production company | Lalita Sivajyoti Films |
Release date |
|
Running time | 208 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Languages |
|
| Box office | ₹3 crore |
Production of the film began in 1958 but was stopped due to financial constraints. When it restarted, Pullayya's health was deteriorating, so his son C. S. Rao took over. Lava Kusa is notable for being the first full-length colour film in Telugu cinema.[1] The film was shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil, with minor differences in the cast. It was released on 29 March 1963 in Telugu and on 19 April 1963 in Tamil. Lava Kusa was a major commercial success, running for 75 weeks and grossing over ₹1 crore. The Telugu version won the National Film Award for Best Telugu Feature Film. The film was also dubbed in Kannada and later in Hindi in 1974. In 2011, it was rebooted as Sri Rama Rajyam.
Plot
editThe film is based on the Uttara Kanda, the later part of the Ramayana attributed to Valmiki. It follows the lives of Lava and Kusa, the twin sons of Sita and Rama. The story begins with the Pattabhishekam (coronation) of Rama and the brief period of Rama Rajyam. However, after hearing accusations from a washerman about Sita's chastity, Rama sends her into exile. In the forest, Sita gives birth to Lava and Kusa. As they grow up, the twins eventually visit Ayodhya. The story also covers the Aswamedha Yagna performed by Rama and the resulting conflict between him and his sons, which culminates in the Pattabhishekam of Lava and Kusa. The film concludes with Rama ending his avatar and returning to the divine.
Cast
edit| Character | Actors in Language | |
|---|---|---|
| Telugu | Tamil | |
| Rama | N. T. Rama Rao | |
| Sita | Anjali Devi | |
| Valmiki | Chittoor Nagayya | |
| Lava | Master Nagaraju | Master Uma |
| Kusa | Master Subrahmanyam | Master Murali |
| Lakshmana | Kantha Rao | Gemini Ganesan |
| Anjaneya | Sando Krishna | |
| Bharata | Kaikala Satyanarayana | |
| Shatrughna | Sobhan Babu | |
| Kausalya | P. Kannamba | |
| Shanta | Sandhya | |
| Bhudevi | S. Varalakshmi | |
| Vasishtha | Dhulipala | |
| Valmiki's disciple | Ramana Reddy | |
| Wife of Valmiki's disciple | Suryakantham | |
| Washerman | Relangi | M. R. Radha |
| Wife of washerman | Girija | Manorama |
| Dancer (Special appearance) | Sukumari | |
| Sivarama Krishnayya | ||
Production
editDevelopment
editProducer A. Sankara Reddy aimed to make a film based on the Hindu epic Ramayana, with N. T. Rama Rao and Anjali Devi playing the roles of Rama and Sita. This inspiration came after watching them perform as Rama and Sita in the song "Murisenu Lokamu" from his earlier film Charana Dasi (1956). Sankara Reddy approached director C. Pullayya, who had plans to remake his 1934 Telugu film Lava Kusa, to direct the film under his production banner, Lalitha Sivajyothi Films.[2] The remake, also titled Lava Kusa, became the first full-length colour film in Telugu cinema.[1] Screenwriter Vempati Sadasivabrahmam, who had previously worked with Pullayya on Charana Dasi, was hired to script the film.[2] Sadasivabrahmam remained faithful to the original screenplay by Vallabhajosyula Ramanamurthy and the dialogues written by Balijepalli Lakshmikantham.[2]
The production costs increased significantly when Sankara Reddy decided to shoot the film in colour. Although production started in 1958, it stalled after one-third of the planned portions were completed due to financial difficulties.[2] After five years, Sunderlal Nahata agreed to fund the project in exchange for distribution rights, while B. Nagi Reddi provided studio facilities. By this time, C. Pullayya's health had deteriorated, and Sankara Reddy initially approached B. N. Reddi to complete the film. B. N. Reddi suggested that C. Pullayya's son, C. S. Rao, should take over the project.[2] Though initially hesitant, C. S. Rao agreed to complete the film after his father convinced him that the emotional scenes set in Rama's palace were crucial to the story.[2]
Casting
editLava Kusa was filmed as a bilingual in both Telugu and Tamil with variations in the cast.[2] In the Telugu version, Anaparthi Nagaraju and Viyyuri Subrahmanyam were cast as Lava and Kusa, respectively.[3] For the Tamil version, the roles were portrayed by Baby Uma and Master Murali.[2] Subrahmanyam was selected after the filmmakers saw him perform the role of Kusa in a play in Kakinada. He was nine years old when production started and 14 by the time the film was released.[1] Unlike Subrahmanyam, Nagaraju had previously acted in a few films. Pullayya offered him the role of Lava after observing his performance, and he was eight years old when filming commenced.[1]
Kantha Rao was cast as Lakshmana, but during production, he was diagnosed with eosinophilia and gained weight. He was then considered for the role of Satrughna.[4] N. T. Rama Rao insisted that Kantha Rao play Lakshmana, and Sobhan Babu was cast as Satrughna instead.[2] Other prominent cast members included Kaikala Satyanarayana as Bharata, Chittor V. Nagayya as Valmiki, and Sando Krishna as Anjaneya.[2]
Filming
editThe shooting took place at a big mango orchard near Chennai. We used to wake up at 4 am and head to the sets. We would be ready with all our make-up on by 7 am. Both of us used to undergo an hour's training everyday. We even had to learn viluvidya (arrow fighting). I still remember how we used to call our trainer, Sharma master. He painstakingly taught us the art of shooting arrows.
Nagaraju and Subrahmanyam underwent daily training sessions for an hour to memorize dialogues and practice archery for their roles.[1] Filming usually started at 7:00 AM and continued until 9:00 PM, but the child actors were released an hour earlier to ensure they got enough rest.[1] According to the actors, N. T. Rama Rao and Anjali Devi were fully dedicated to their roles.[3] When none of the crowns designed for Rama suited him, Rama Rao used the crown he had worn in Charanadasi, which costed only ₹140 at the time.[2]
In one scene, where Nagaraju had to cry, glycerin was used but proved ineffective. Anjali Devi then slapped him to evoke genuine tears, and the scene was successfully filmed. Afterward, she consoled him for 15 minutes.[1]
The climax sequences were filmed first, which caused a continuity issue when the child actors appeared older in the scenes filmed later due to the delays in production.[1] In the scene where Rama embraces Lava and Kusa, Pullayya had the child actors stand on small tables to match Rama Rao's height, showcasing his respect for the character and the limitations of the technology available at the time.[3] Pullayya's associate, G. V. R. Seshagiri Rao, suggested reshooting a scene where a pregnant Sita runs toward Valmiki, as it appeared awkward.[2]
Music
editThe music of Lava Kusa was composed by Ghantasala.[5][6] The Tamil version has additional music by K. V. Mahadevan.[7][8]
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Sri Vidyam Jagatam Dhatri (Slokam)" | Vempati Sadasiva | Ghantasala | 01:14 |
| 2. | "Saptashvaratha (Slokam)" | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 01:29 | |
| 3. | "Navarathnojvala (Poem)" | Ghantasala | 01:06 | |
| 4. | "Inthakubooni Vacchi (Poem)" | Vempati Sadasiva | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 01:21 |
| 5. | "Jaya Jaya Rama Srirama" | Samudrala Sr. | J. V. Raghavulu, Sarojini | 01:18 |
| 6. | "Ramanna Ramudu Kodanda Ramudu" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Susheela, K. Rani | 04:15 |
| 7. | "Virise Challani Vennela" | Samudrala Sr. | S. Janaki | 02:50 |
| 8. | "Ravanu Samharinchi (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 01:21 |
| 9. | "Vollanori Maama Nee Pillani" | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Jikki, J. V. Raghavulu, Swarnalata | 03:37 | |
| 10. | "Ye Mahaniya Sadhvi (Poem)" | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 01:10 | |
| 11. | "Ye Nimishaniki" | Kosaraju | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 04:00 |
| 12. | "Jagadabhi Ramudu Sri Raamude" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, P. Leela, P. Susheela, Mallik | 03:51 |
| 13. | "Enduke Naa Meeda Kopam" | Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Swarnalata | 02:40 | |
| 14. | "Ramakathanu Vinarayya" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela, P Susheela | 04:28 |
| 15. | "Vurake Kanniru" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela, P. Susheela | 03:00 |
| 16. | "Vinudu Vinudu" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela, P susheela | 04:14 |
| 17. | "Sriramuni Charitamunu" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela, P Susheela | 05:35 |
| 18. | "Sriraghavam Dasharathatmaja" | P. Leela, P Susheela | 04:07 | |
| 19. | "Srirama Sugunadhama" | Vempati Sadasiva | P. Leela, P. Susheela | 03:01 |
| 20. | "Sandehinchaku" | Kosaraju | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 03:07 |
| 21. | "Ashwamedha Yaganiki" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Madhavapeddi, Raghavulu, Rani, Sarojini | 03:24 |
| 22. | "Savanashvambidi (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Susheela | 01:15 |
| 23. | "Hreemkaraasana (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 01:33 | |
| 24. | "Leru Kushalavula Saati" | Vempati Sadasiva | P. Leela, P Susheela | 02:33 |
| 25. | "Stree Balavruddhula (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala, P. Leela, Susheela | 01:18 |
| 26. | "Sri Rama Parandhama" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela, K. Jamuna Rani, P Susheela | 02:25 |
| 27. | "Thandri Pampunanegi (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala, P. Leela, P Susheela | 02:36 |
| 28. | "Darken Balakundani (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | P. Leela | 00:40 |
| 29. | "Rangaru Bangaru (Poem)" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala | 01:41 |
| 30. | "Veyara Debba" | Samudrala Sr. | Ghantasala & Jikki | 03:17 |
| 31. | "Ramaswami Padambujambu (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 00:32 | |
| 32. | "Raajata Rajadharmamata (Poem)" | S. Varalakshmi | 01:28 | |
| 33. | "Prathi Dinamenu (Poem)" | Ghantasala | 01:24 | |
| 34. | "Inudu Asthadriki (Poem)" | P. Leela | 01:31 | |
| 35. | "Kannularaga Tudisari (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 01:02 | |
| 36. | "Kadagine Manovakkaya (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 00:57 | |
| 37. | "Idhe Mana Ashramambu (Poem)" | Ghantasala | 01:35 | |
| 38. | "Aapavaada Dooshita (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 01:54 |
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Sri Vidyam Jagatam Dhatri (Slokam)" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala | 01:14 |
| 2. | "Saptashva Rathamarudham Prachandam Kashyapatmajam (Slokam)" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala | |
| 3. | "Navajyotyo (Poem)" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala | 01:06 |
| 4. | "Intaku Bunivachchi Vachiyimpaka Podune" | Vempati Sadasiva | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | |
| 5. | "Jaya Jaya Raamaa Sree Raama" | A. Maruthakasi | J. V. Raghavulu & Udutha Sarojini | 01:18 |
| 6. | "Ramanna Ramudu Kodanda Ramudu" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Susheela, K. Jamuna Rani | |
| 7. | "Udhayam Aaanadhe Vennilaa" | A. Maruthakasi | S. Janaki | 02:18 |
| 8. | "Ilangaiyar Kon Thanai Azhitthu" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala | 01:21 |
| 9. | "Vollanori Maamaa Nee Pillani" | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao, Jikki, J. V. Raghavulu, Swarnalata | 03:37 | |
| 10. | "Ye Mahaniya Sadhvi Jagadeka Pavitrata (Poem)" | Ghantasala Venkateswara Rao | 01:10 | |
| 11. | "Indrum Illai Andrum Illai Endrume Illai" | A. Maruthakasi | T. M. Soundararajan | 04:00 |
| 12. | "Thiruvalar Naayagan Sree Raamane" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala, P. Leela, P. Susheela & K. Rani | 03:01 |
| 13. | "Thappu Thappunu Thuniyai Thuvaichu" | A. Maruthakasi | Thiruchi Loganathan & L. R. Eswari | 03:17 |
| 14. | "Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 1" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 03:50 |
| 15. | "Maari Pol Kanneer Sindha" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 01:52 |
| 16. | "Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 2" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 03:15 |
| 17. | "Jagam Pugazhum Punniya Kadhai 3" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 05:35 |
| 18. | "Sreeraghavam Dasharathathmajam Aprameyam" | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 04:07 | |
| 19. | "Raama Suguna Seelaa" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 03:01 |
| 20. | "Sandhegam Ennamma" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala | 03:07 |
| 21. | "Vetri Murasu Olikka Seiyyum Aswamedha Yaagaam" | A. Maruthakasi | V. N. Sundharam & K. Rani | 03:24 |
| 22. | "Veera Maadhaa Kausalyaa Dhevi Petra" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Susheela | 01:15 |
| 23. | "Hreemkaraasana (Poem)" | P. Susheela | 01:33 | |
| 24. | "Eedu Inai Namakku Edhu Indha Boomiyil" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela & P. Susheela | 02:33 |
| 25. | "Stree Balavrudhula Tega" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela | |
| 26. | "Sriraama Parandhamaa Jayarama Parandhama" | A. Maruthakasi | A. P. Komala, K. Rani & J. V. Raghavulu | 02:25 |
| 27. | "Thandri Pampunanegi" | A. Maruthakasi | Ghantasala, P. Susheela, P. Leela | 02:36 |
| 28. | "Takkani Balakundani" | A. Maruthakasi | P. Leela | 00:40 |
| 29. | "Ponggum Olimayame" | A. Maruthakasi | Seerkazhi Govindarajan | 01:41 or 03:01 |
| 30. | "Thappu Thappunu Thuniyai Thuvaichu" | A. Maruthakasi | Thiruchi Loganathan & L. R. Eswari | 03:17 |
| 31. | "Ramaswamy Padambujambulambu" | P. Susheela | 05:59 | |
| 32. | "Raajada Rajadharmamada Ramudu" | S. Varalakshmi | 01:28 | |
| 33. | "Prathi Dinamenu" | Ghantasala | 01:24 | |
| 34. | "Ninu Dattadriki Cherakunda" | P. Leela | 01:31 | |
| 35. | "Kannularaga Tudisari" | P. Susheela | 01:02 | |
| 36. | "Kadagine Manokkaya" | P. Susheela | 00:57 | |
| 37. | "Edhi Mana Ashramambu" | Ghantasala | 01:35 | |
| 38. | "Aapavaada Dooshi" | P. Susheela | 01:54 |
Reception
editLava Kusa achieved significant commercial success, running uninterrupted for 75 weeks, a record in Telugu cinema.[9][10] The film was released in 26 centres and achieved a 100-day run in all of them, a remarkable feat at the time. It went on to have a 150-day run in those centres and a 175-day run in 18 centres. Due to high demand, many film prints had to be relocated to different centres across Andhra Pradesh. Overall, the film ran for 100 days in 62 centres and had a 175-day run in 18 centres, grossing more than ₹1 crore.[1]
Accolades
editLegacy
editLava Kusa is regarded as a classic in Telugu cinema. In January 2007, M. L. Narasimham of The Hindu included the film in a list of significant works, alongside Mala Pilla (1938), Raithu Bidda (1939), Vara Vikrayam (1939), Bhakta Potana (1942), Shavukaru (1950), Malliswari (1951), Peddamanushulu (1954), and Mayabazar (1955), citing their influence on society and Telugu cinema.[13] N. T. Rama Rao's portrayal of Rama in Lava Kusa became iconic, leading him to reprise the role in several other films over the next two decades.[a]
During the programme Telugu Cinema Prasthanam organized by the film society of Visakhapatnam, actor and writer Ravi Kondala Rao highlighted Lava Kusa as one of the cult films that defined Telugu cinema. He compared it to other landmark films such as Raja Harishchandra (1913), Bhakta Prahlada (1932), Mala Pilla (1938), Pathala Bhairavi (1951), and Devadasu (1953).[14] In 2011, director Bapu adapted the storyline of Lava Kusa for his film Sri Rama Rajyam, which featured Rama Rao's son, Nandamuri Balakrishna.[15]
Notes
edit- ^ Rama Rao reprised the role of Rama in various unrelated films such as Sampoorna Ramayanam (1958), Sri Ramanjaneya Yuddham (1975), and Sri Rama Pattabhishekam (1978).[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kavirayani, Suresh (18 April 2013). "Celebrating 50 years of Lava Kusa". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Narasimham, M. L. (13 January 2017). "Lava Kusa (1963)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
- ^ a b c Bhaskar, B. V. S. (5 April 2016). "'Lava-Kusa' bemoan fall in values". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ Subramanyam, M. V. (17 March 2005). "'Kathula' Kantha Rao on the mark". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Lava Kusa". JioSaavn. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Lava Kusa (1963)-Song_Booklet". Indiancine.ma. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Lava Kusa". Saregama. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "லவகுசா [முழுநீள கேவாகலர்]" [Lavakusa [Gevacolor Feature]] (PDF) (song book) (in Tamil). Lalitha Sivajothi Films. Retrieved 9 July 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b "Celeb of the Week - Sri N T Rama Rao". Idlebrain.com. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Lava Kusha completes 50 years". IndiaGlitz.com. 29 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
- ^ "11th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ "'Best Picture' award for Hindi film". The Indian Express. 26 March 1964. p. 5. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024 – via Google News Archive.
- ^ Narasimham, M. L. (19 January 2007). "Reliving the reel and the real". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ "Call to promote good cinema". The Hindu. 2 January 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ "Bapu's Lava Kusa with Balakrishna". Sify. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
