Parotta

Parotta
	Malabar Porotta
Alternative names	Porotta, Barota, Malabar Porotta, Kerala Porotta, Ceylon Parotta
Type	Layered Flatbread
Place of origin	South India, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon Parotta)
Region or state	Kerala, Jaffna (as Ceylon Parotta)
Associated cuisine	Kerala Cuisine, Sri Lankan cuisine
Main ingredients	Maida, ghee/oil
Ingredients generally used	Eggs, salt
Variations	Roti Canai
	Media: Parotta;

Parotta or Porotta (Malayalam: പൊറോട്ട) is a layered South Asian flatbread made from refined flour, eggs and oil. It is commonly seen in South India, especially in the states of Kerala^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] (as Malabar Porotta; Malayalam: മലബാർ പൊറോട്ട), and Tamil Nadu^[4], as well as in Jaffna in Sri Lanka (as Ceylon Parotta)^[2]^[5] Variants of the bread spread by Indian Muslim traders and by indentured labourers from the British Raj^[6] are popular in South Asian, South East Asian and Caribbean countries like Malaysia^[7], Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Mauritius, Maldives, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago under the names roti canai^[8], roti prata, roti thitchu, farata, oil roti or buss up shut^[6].

Porottas are often available as street food^[9] and in restaurants, and are also served at weddings, religious festivals and feasts. In the South Indian state of Kerala it is commonly served in roadside foodstalls called thattukadas^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] and in local toddy shops called kallushaaps^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]. It is prepared by kneading maida, eggs, oil or ghee and water. The dough is rolled or tossed and stretched into thin layers and then spiralled into a tight dough ball. The ball is rolled flat again and pan-fried, and then beaten to release the flakey layers^[19]^[20] It is often served with a meat curry, such as chicken, goat, beef, or lamb.

History

Archaeologist and culinary anthropologist Kurush F Dalal says that the Malabar Porotta is likely to have come with Arab traders from ancient West Asia. He explains: “Kerala has always had trade links with West Asia, right from the pre-Islamic period. So, this must have travelled with the sailors and traders and found a place in North Malabar’s culinary palate.” He points out that though porottas are made of refined flour, Kerala is not a wheat producing state and so its origins clearly lie beyond the seas. Food journalist Sonal Ved stated that Persia, Central Asia and the Middle East have their own versions of layered flatbreads, which adds credence to this theory.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Muslim traders, and later migrant laborers from Southern India are said to have spread its popularity in South East Asia, giving rise to the Roti Canai (so named allegedly after the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu), Roti Prata and other variants.^[7]^[2]^[8]

Indentured labourers from British India also introduced the bread to the Caribbean, where it is called the "buss-up-shut roti" referring to the way the bread is beaten after cooking to free up the layers until it looks like a 'bust-up shirt', as well as to Mauritius, Maldives and Guyana, where it was given the names farata and oil roti.^[6]^[2]

The Ceylon Parotta is said to have originated in the Tamil-populated Jaffna region of Sri Lanka, migrant workers from there who were employed at the Tuticorin port in India are said to have introduced it to coastal Tamil Nadu. Variants popularized in Tamil Nadu are the smaller, circular Coin Parottas, and Kothu Parottas made of chopped up leftover Parottas mixed with spices, eggs and chillies.^[4]