Tornado outbreak of June 8, 1974
On June 8, 1974, a significant tornado outbreak affected portions of the southern Great Plains and the Upper Midwest. The outbreak produced 36 tornadoes, at least 19 of them significant or intense, and is the second-deadliest June tornado event in Oklahoma history, with 16 deaths reported in the state, second only to the 35 people killed by an F4 tornado on June 12, 1942, in Oklahoma City.[1] The deadliest tornado of the outbreak was a powerful F4 that struck the town of Drumright in Oklahoma, killing 14 people, 12 of whom were killed at Drumright. Another deadly and destructive F4 tornado struck the town of Emporia in Kansas, killing six more people.
| Type | Tornado outbreak |
|---|---|
| Duration | June 8, 1974 |
| Tornadoes confirmed | 36 |
| Max. rating1 | F4 tornado |
| Duration of tornado outbreak2 | 8 hours, 18 minutes |
| Fatalities | 22 fatalities |
| Damage | Unknown |
| Areas affected | Midwestern and Southern United States |
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 1974 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale 2Time from first tornado to last tornado | |
The outbreak also produced two F3 tornadoes in the Tulsa metropolitan area that killed two people and, combined with flooding, produced the costliest natural disaster in that city's history up to that time—a disaster worth $30,000,000 (1974 USD). Additionally, the outbreak produced severe thunderstorm winds in the city which reached 100 kn (120 mph; 190 km/h; 51 m/s) for several minutes.[2] In addition to confirmed tornadoes, a possible tornado occurred at 8:15 p.m. CST (02:15 UTC) approximately 5 mi (8.0 km) south of Cullison in Kansas, producing intermittent damage, but is not officially listed as a tornado.[2]
Confirmed tornadoes
edit| FU | F0 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 36 |
| List of confirmed tornadoes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F# | Location | County | Time (UTC) | Path length | Damage | |
| Oklahoma | ||||||
| F3 | Will Rogers Field to W of Forest Park | Oklahoma | 1942 | 8.9 miles (14.3 km) | This tornado first hit the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Forecast Office (WFO), then moved northeast across Oklahoma City. As it touched down just a few feet southwest of the WFO, a gas leak forced NWS officials to evacuate the building and shift responsibilities to the WFO in Tulsa.[3] The tornado destroyed 11 homes, two trailers, and five businesses. 42 homes sustained significant damage and 300 reported minor damage.[4] 14 people were injured. | |
| F2 | N of Spencer to W of Jones | Oklahoma | 2011 | 4.5 miles (7.2 km) | A tornado damaged several farms and leveled an unoccupied, two-story farmhouse. The frame home sustained damage that would have warranted an F4 rating had it not been empty, thus making its structural integrity dubious.[4] | |
| F3 | W of Jones to S of Luther | Oklahoma | 2018 | 10.2 miles (16.4 km) | An intense tornado toppled four large, steel-made power lines that were constructed to withstand winds up to 150 miles per hour (240 km/h).[4] | |
| F1 | NE of Breckenridge | Garfield | 2030 | 0.2 miles (0.32 km) | ||
| F1 | E of Will Rogers Field | Oklahoma | 2135 | 2.5 miles (4.0 km) | ||
| F3 | SE of Nicoma Park to NE of Harrah | Oklahoma | 2148 | 9 miles (14 km) | A tornado damaged or destroyed farm buildings. It also damaged an OG & E plant and power poles.[4] | |
| F4 | SW of Drumright to NW of Skiatook | Creek, Tulsa, Osage | 2155 | 29 miles (47 km) | 14 deaths – See section on this tornado | |
| F3 | SW of Davenport to SE of Kendrick | Lincoln | 2246 | 6.8 miles (10.9 km) | A strong tornado struck the towns of Davenport and Stroud. In the Davenport area, the tornado destroyed three homes, heavily damaged 24, and slightly damaged 233. Near Stroud, the tornado destroyed a service station and damaged about 100 homes.[5] | |
| F1 | S of Davenport | Lincoln | 2255 | 1.5 miles (2.4 km) | ||
| F2 | NW of Stroud | Lincoln | 2303 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | A tornado destroyed barns and damaged homes.[5] | |
| F3 | E of Sparks | Lincoln | 2320 | 2.5 miles (4.0 km) | A brief, intense tornado damaged farm structures and trees. In the touchdown area, barns and trailers were reported destroyed.[5] | |
| F2 | N of Bristow | Creek | 2335 | 4.3 miles (6.9 km) | ||
| F2 | N of Owasso to N of Collinsville | Tulsa | 2340 | 5.4 miles (8.7 km) | ||
| F2 | NE of Earlsboro | Seminole | 2345 | 11.8 miles (19.0 km) | A tornado destroyed six homes, badly damaged several others, and damaged a school. It also killed four cows and a horse. Rating disputed, ranked F3 by Grazulis.[5] | |
| F3 | N of Glenpool to Tulsa to SW of Vinita | Tulsa, Rogers, Craig | 2350 | 63.6 miles (102.4 km) | 2 deaths – See section on this tornado | |
| F3 | Sapulpa to Tulsa to SW of Sportsmen Acres Community | Tulsa, Wagoner, Rogers, Mayes | 2350 | 48.9 miles (78.7 km) | See section on this tornado | |
| F3 | S of Prague to NW of Tuskegee | Seminole, Okfuskee | 0005 | 29.9 miles (48.1 km) | A strong tornado destroyed several farmhouses in its path.[5] | |
| F2 | S of Newalla | Pottawatomie | 0050 | 2 miles (3.2 km) | A brief tornado "obliterated" a trailer and damaged several farmhouses nearby.[5] | |
| F2 | SW of Kiefer to N of Bixby | Creek, Tulsa | 0130 | 14.4 miles (23.2 km) | A tornado destroyed many farm buildings.[5] | |
| F3 | S of Eucha | Delaware | 0314 | 2.7 miles (4.3 km) | This was the last of nine F3 tornadoes to hit Oklahoma on June 8, 1974. It lofted and threw two houseboats, and also produced near-F3 damage to a newly built brick home. Nearby homes were also unroofed and destroyed. Rating disputed, ranked F2 by Grazulis.[5] | |
| F2 | SW of Afton to NW of Bernice | Craig, Delaware | 0330 | 3.8 miles (6.1 km) | A strong tornado touched down near Ketchum, passed northwest of Cleora, and dissipated near Grove. It caused extensive damage to utility poles, trees, and roofs. One site reported $100,000 (1974 USD) in damage.[5] | |
| F1 | SE of Indianola | Pittsburg | 0424 | 1 mile (1.6 km) | ||
| Kansas | ||||||
| F0 | SW of Leon to N of Latham | Butler | 2115 | 11.4 miles (18.3 km) | ||
| F0 | S of Lyons to NW of Mitchell | Rice | 2130 | 5.2 miles (8.4 km) | ||
| F0 | N of Grenola | Elk | 2310 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F4 | Emporia to W of Auburn | Lyon, Osage, Shawnee | 0000 | 37.5 miles (60.4 km) | 6 deaths – See section on this tornado | |
| F0 | S of Beulah to SW of Radley | Crawford | 0200 | 4.3 miles (6.9 km) | ||
| Illinois | ||||||
| F0 | Flora | Clay | 2150 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F0 | SW of Carmi | White | 2155 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F0 | S of Peoria Heights | Peoria | 2315 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F0 | N of Oreana | Macon | 0055 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| Missouri | ||||||
| F0 | Stanberry | Gentry | 0100 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F1 | SW of Neosho | Newton | 0330 | 1 mile (1.6 km) | ||
| F0 | Sarcoxie | Jasper | 0340 | 0.1 miles (0.16 km) | ||
| F1 | NE of Neosho | Newton | 0340 | 2 miles (3.2 km) | ||
| F1 | Graham to NW of Arkoe | Nodaway | 0400 | 10.1 miles (16.3 km) | ||
| Source: National Climatic Database Center | ||||||
Oak Grove–Drumright–Olive–Skiatook, Oklahoma
edit| F4 tornado | |
|---|---|
| Max. rating1 | F4 tornado |
| Fatalities | 14 fatalities |
| 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
A major tornado first hit the school at Oak Grove, then continued into Drumright. The tornado destroyed about 100 homes, killing 12 people in the northwest section of Drumright. Half of the 12 deaths were in a nursing home. Civil defense sirens only sounded shortly before the tornado hit, leaving residents with little time to react. However, the death toll in Drumright would have been significantly higher had the tornado hit the nursing home a few minutes earlier, when many people were crowded into the dining hall.[3] After devastating part of Drumright, the tornado struck the small community of Olive, where it destroyed trailers and part of a school. One person died as nearby frame homes were also leveled. The tornado later damaged Pier 51 on Lake Keystone, 7 mi (11 km) southwest of Sperry.[3][4] There, a woman died in one of several trailers that were destroyed. The tornado damaged brick homes near Skiatook before finally lifting. One source lists the path length as being 45 mi (72 km) long.[4]
Tulsa–Catoosa–Claremore–Big Cabin, Oklahoma
edit| F3 tornado | |
|---|---|
| Max. rating1 | F3 tornado |
| Fatalities | 2 fatalities, 80 injuries |
| 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
This was the first of two F3 tornadoes to hit the Tulsa metropolitan area, both of which occurred simultaneously. The tornado began north of Glenpool and moved northeast across Tulsa before striking parts of Catoosa, Claremore, and Big Cabin. The most severe damage occurred near Oakhurst and in sections of Tulsa. However, the tornado was rated F3 solely on the basis of damage to an anchored, concrete, iron-pipe cattle gate. A 20-foot (6.1 m) section of the gate was pulled out of the ground and transported 30 ft (9.1 m) from where it originally stood. The gate was "anchored by 3 posts, all set in 24 inches of concrete."[3] 80 people were injured. One of the two deaths may have been due to flooding.[5]
Tulsa–Broken Arrow–Inola–Choteau, Oklahoma
edit| F3 tornado | |
|---|---|
| Max. rating1 | F3 tornado |
| Fatalities | 42 injuries |
| 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
The second F3 tornado developed east of Sapulpa and moved east-northeast across south Tulsa, passing through not only Tulsa itself, but also part of Broken Arrow, Inola, and Chouteau. Along the way, the tornado struck the campus of Oral Roberts University, causing extensive damage. It also unroofed homes in the Walnut Creek, Southridge Estate, and Park Plaza housing additions.[5] 42 people were injured. Both Tulsa tornadoes damaged about 300 homes and numerous businesses, leaving more than 1,500 Tulsa residents homeless.[3] The supercell that spawned the Tulsa tornadoes originated in western Oklahoma and traveled 300 mi (480 km) in 12 hours across the entire state, dissipating in Delaware County.[3]
Emporia, Kansas
edit| F4 tornado | |
|---|---|
| Max. rating1 | F4 tornado |
| Fatalities | 6 fatalities, 177 injuries |
| 1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale | |
This devastating, long-tracked tornado first struck the northwest side of Emporia, touching down in the Flint Hills Shopping Center (now the Flinthills Mall). The tornado completely destroyed all 20 shops in the shopping center, where at least 75 cars were tossed into the air and mangled.[6] Nearby, the tornado also struck a nursing home and a mobile-home park, killing five people in the mobile-home park. Both the nursing home and the mobile-home park were leveled. Additionally, a nearby apartment complex and a residential area were completely destroyed. 80 injured persons were hospitalized.[5][6] After leaving Emporia, the tornado destroyed 10 farms before lifting. In all, at least 177 people were injured; the toll may have been as high as 220, most of which were in the Emporia trailer park.[5]
References
edit- ^ OUN Webmaster (20 November 2013). "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882-Present)". Norman, Oklahoma: National Weather Service. Retrieved 31 December 2013.
- ^ a b "Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena". Storm Data. 16 (6). Asheville, North Carolina: United States Department of Commerce: 19. June 1974.
- ^ a b c d e f "30 Years Ago - June 8, 1974" (PDF). Tulsa Tornado Tribune. Tulsa, Oklahoma: National Weather Service: 4, 5. Summer 2004. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. p. 1165. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Grazulis 1993, p. 1166
- ^ a b "Storms in 3 States Leave a Toll of 16, Hundreds Injured". New York Times. United Press International. June 9, 1974.