Josip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir (25 July 1955 – 1 July 1991) was a Croatian police chief from Osijek known for his peacemaking initiatives in the opening stages of the Croatian War of Independence. He was assassinated in 1991; the man convicted of his murder, and the murder of two assembly members, was sentenced to a total of 70 years in prison in 2008, after being extradited to Croatia from Australia.
Josip Reihl-Kir | |
|---|---|
| Born | Josip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir 25 July 1955 |
| Died | 1 July 1991 (aged 35) |
| Occupation | Osijek Police chief |
| Spouse | Jadranka Reihl-Kir |
Early life
editJosip Tvrtko Reihl-Kir was born in Sirač, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia, the son of a Slavonian German (Danube Swabian) father and a Croatian mother, both Yugoslav Partisans during the World War II in Yugoslavia.[1] He worked as a teacher at the gymnasium in Osijek, and in 1981 became a police officer.[1] From 31 July 1990 until his death, he was chief of the Osijek police station.[2] He married Jadranka Reihl-Kir, who between 2000 and 2003, whilst she was a Croatian MP, campaigned for his death to be re-investigated.[3]
Role in the Croatian War of Independence
editThe border between Croatia and Serbia was the site of significant ethnic tension after war broke out in 1991. As the police chief in Osijek, Reihl-Kir managed to keep the peace in that area. When Serbian nationalists erected barricades, Reihl-Kir usually went unarmed to negotiate with them.[4] He would approach barricades with his shirt pulled up above his waist to show that he had no weapons on him. Reihl-Kir offered to keep Croatian paramilitary forces outside of areas inhabited by ethnic Serbs, and in return, he asked Serb leaders to remove the barricades surrounding those locations. The Serbs always agreed as they trusted Reihl-Kir.[5][6] To ensure that the agreement was kept, Croatian paramilitary forces were infiltrated by Reihl-Kir's agents.[4] This brought Reihl-Kir in conflict with Branimir Glavaš who had organized Croatian nationalists in the region.[5]
In April 1991, a group of three senior members of the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), including Gojko Šušak, told Reihl-Kir to guide them to the outskirts of the Croatian Serb village of Borovo Selo. Although Reihl-Kir initially objected, he finally agreed to do so. To Reihl-Kir's shock, once at the village, the three men proceeded to fire three Armbrust rockets at the village. Although there were no injuries or deaths, the incident was shown on Serbian television as evidence of "unprovoked Croatian aggression against Serbs". After the incident, Reihl-Kir continued negotiations with Serb separatists to the annoyance of the ruling HDZ.[7]
On 1 May 1991, following an incident where Croatian policemen entered Borovo Selo,[7] Reihl-Kir became involved when he contacted Vukašin Šoškoćanin, the commander of the Serb forces in the village, who confirmed the incident and said the police had shot at members of the local population, wounding one. Reihl-Kir failed to secure the release of two officers who were captured following the incident.[8] Reihl-Kir and Vinkovci police chief Josip Džaja concluded that a rescue party should be sent to Borovo Selo.[8] Following this, the Battle of Borovo Selo took place, Reihl-Kir openly protested HDZ politicians' obstruction of his efforts to broker peace between the two sides.[9] SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia was proclaimed on 25 June 1991.
Assassination
editAfter threats had been made to his life, Reihl-Kir asked the Minister of Internal Affairs Josip Boljkovac to transfer him "anywhere else". Boljkovac agreed to move Reihl-Kir to the capital, Zagreb. On 1 July 1991, Reihl-Kir was assassinated the day before he was due to be transferred. In Tenja, as he was heading to 'one last' negotiation, his car was fired on by an AK-47, 16 bullets hit Reihl-Kir, killing him instantly.[4] Following the assassination, the suspected killer Antun Gudelj, a former policeman with dual Australian–Croatian nationality, fled to Australia.[9] Gudelj was a Croatian extremist who had been disarmed by Reihl-Kir shortly before.[10]
Reihl-Kir's widow, Jadranka, lobbied vigorously for justice for her husband. In 2007, Australia extradited Gudelj to Croatia for the murders of Reihl-Kir and two associates, Milan Knežević and Goran Zobundžija, in Tenja in 1991. The first trial resulted in an acquittal, and a second trial verdict was overturned by the country's Supreme Court. At a third trial in 2008, Gudelj was sentenced to 20 years in prison for the murder of Reihl-Kir, and a further 50 years in prison for the murders of Reihl-Kir, Knežević, Zobundžija and another charge.[3][11][12]
Legacy
editReihl-Kir's actions and murder are described in the BBC book The Death of Yugoslavia[13] and covered in programme 3 of BBC's TV series of the same name. The street in Osijek, where he was killed, bears his name.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b Berclaz 2010.
- ^ "Josip Reihl Kir, Djakovo, Hrvatska". The Duško Kondor Award for Civil Courage. Sarajevo: Gariwo - Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ a b Vladisavljevic, Anja (1 July 2021). "Murdered Croatian Policeman Remembered as Champion of Peace". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
- ^ a b c "Dark Scandals: The Unpleasant Arrest". Transitions Online. Prague: Transitions o.s. 3 December 1995. ISSN 1214-1615. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ a b Ejub Štitkovac, "Croatia: The First War", pp. 157-59, Burn This House: The Making and Unmaking of Yugoslavia (eds. Jasminka Udovicki, James Ridgeway; Duke University Press, 2000, ISBN 9780822325901)
- ^ Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia, ed. John B. Allcock, p. 20 (ABC-Clio Inc, 1998)[ISBN missing]
- ^ a b Hockenos 2003, p. 58.
- ^ a b MUP 2008.
- ^ a b Hockenos 2003, p. 59.
- ^ Josip Ivanović (1 July 2014). "Croatian Activists Commemorate Peace-Seeking Police Chief". Zagreb: Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, BIRN. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
- ^ [1], 24sata.hr; accessed 21 January 2016.
- ^ "Croat jailed for wartime murder of policeman". reuters.com.
- ^ The Death of Yugoslavia, Laura Silber and Allan Little, pp. 140-144 (BBC Books, Penguin Books, 1996 revision)[ISBN missing]
Sources
edit- Hockenos, Paul (2003). Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801441585.
- "Memorijal 12 redarstvenika, 2008" [12 Constables Memorial, 2008] (in Croatian). Ministry of the Interior (Croatia). 2008. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013.
- Berclaz, Tanja Simić (22 July 2010). "Ko je tebi Reihl Kir?". Vreme. 1020.