Joseph Fielding Smith (patriarch)
Joseph Fielding Smith (January 30, 1899 – August 29, 1964) was patriarch to the church and a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1942 until 1946.
| Joseph Fielding Smith | |
|---|---|
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| Patriarch to the Church | |
| September 17, 1942 (aged 43) – October 6, 1946 (aged 47) | |
| Called by | Heber J. Grant |
| End reason | Released for reasons of "ill health" amid accusations of homosexual affairs |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 30, 1899 Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
| Died | August 29, 1964 (aged 65) Salt Lake City, Utah, United States |
Early life and family
editSmith was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, the son of LDS Church apostle Hyrum M. Smith and Ida Elizabeth Bowman. He went to school at the University of Utah, where he majored in Theater. In 1929, he married Ruth Pingree.[1] Together they had seven children, Ruth, Ida, R.P. "Joe", Denis, Lynne, Hyrum, and Pauline.[2]
Patriarch to the church
editAt the time of his calling to the patriarchate, Smith was a member of the church's Mutual Improvement Association General Board, head of the Speech Department at the University of Utah (though he did not hold a Ph.D.), and president of the National Speech Association.[3] His calling as patriarch to the church filled a vacancy that had lasted just over ten years, and his selection for the office has been seen by some as a departure from the expected line of patriarchal succession from father to his eldest son in good standing with the church.[3] Some sources suggest this move came during a time when some members of the church's First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles were attempting to move away from the rule of primogeniture in selecting the presiding patriarch, giving church leaders the ability to pass over unsuitable candidates who would otherwise inherit the office somewhat automatically.[3] Smith's official title was "Patriarch to the Church," in place of the previous style of "Patriarch over the Church" or "Presiding Patriarch," a change which was also accompanied by a reduction in the scope of the duties of the office; Smith was not permitted to ordain or formally supervise local stake patriarchs.[3]
Homosexual affairs
editAt the age of 43, Smith was ordained a high priest and patriarch to the church on October 8, 1942, by church president Heber J. Grant.[4]: 369 He served only four years before it was reported by the church that he had resigned for reasons of "ill health", but he was actually released due to the uncovering of his same-sex sexual activity.[4]: 370 [5]: 111–117 [6] In 1946 it had been discovered that the patriarch was involved in several homosexual affairs, including two in the 1920s while employed at the University of Utah (with student Norval Service[7] and a drama department colleague named Wallace A. G.), and one while serving as presiding patriarch in the 1940s (with 21-year-old U.S. Navy sailor[8] Byram Dow Browning[9] who was also a Latter-day Saint).[4]: 369–371 [10][3] Church president George Albert Smith described the scandal as "a pitiable case" and "a sad happening" in his diary, describing himself as "heartsick" and as having a "restless night" in conjunction with the events and the necessity of releasing the patriarch.[4]: 371 [3] The First Presidency instructed Smith not to participate in religious ordinances or church callings.[4]: 371
After release
editAfter being released, Smith took his family to Honolulu, Hawaii,[11] where he continued to raise his family and resumed his academic career as a teacher of English and drama.[3] For 11 years, Smith's stake president in Hawaii was instructed to not allow Smith to speak in church or hold any position,[4]: 371 [12] but no formal church disciplinary action was taken, and Smith was reportedly "treated with compassion."[13][3] Approximately a decade after his release as patriarch, Smith's stake president and bishop wrote to church president David O. McKay asking for restrictions on Smith to be lifted.[3] In 1957, after it was established he had forsaken his homosexual behavior, confessed to his wife, and sent a written confession to the First Presidency, Smith was again allowed to serve in the church.[3][4]: 371 Shortly thereafter, Smith's wife Ruth wrote a letter to church president David O. McKay expressing her gratitude for the church's help, stating, "I know, better than anyone else, the trial our family has been to you and to the authorities." From 1957 until his death, Smith served as a member of his stake's high council.[3]
Smith died and was buried in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Smith's grandson Jefferson Smith served in the Oregon House of Representatives from 2008 to 2012.
Smith shares a name with his grandfather, Joseph F. Smith, and his uncle, Joseph Fielding Smith, both of whom served as apostles and later as church presidents.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Family: Joseph Fielding Smith/Ruth Pingree. OurFamilyHistories.org
- ^ Lynne Esther Smith Partridge,[dead link] Cody Enterprise (Cody, Wyoming)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bates, Irene M.; Smith, E. Gary (2003) [1996]. Lost Legacy: The Mormon Office of Presiding Patriarch. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. doi:10.5406/j.ctv80c9xm. ISBN 978-0-252-07115-7. OCLC 53077386.
- ^ a b c d e f g Quinn, D. Michael (2001). Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06958-1.
- ^ Bergera, Gary James (Winter 2011), "Transgression in the Latter-day Saint Community: The Cases of Albert Carrington, Richard R. Lyman, and Joseph F. Smith. Part 3: Joseph F. Smith", Journal of Mormon History, 38 (1), Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press
- ^ "Patriarch to the Church: Released from Duties", Improvement Era 49 (November 1946) pp. 685, 708.
- ^ Salinas, Hugo. "Queer Mormons of the 19th Century". affirmation.org. Affirmation. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ "Book on LDS Patriarchal Blessings Published". signaturebooks.com. Signature Books Publishing. Archived from the original on February 23, 2017. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Gibson, Doug. "Remember that Gay Mormon Patriarch?". realclearreligion.org. Real Clear Religion. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Whitefield, Jim (May 21, 2009). The Mormon Delusion: The Secret Truth Withheld from 13 Million Mormons (1 ed.). Lulu. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1409278856. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Lore, Lambda (September 1, 2011). "The birth of Mormon homophobia". Q Salt Lake Magazine. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
- ^ Anderson, J. Seth (May 29, 2017). LGBT Salt Lake: Images of Modern America. Arcadia Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9781467125857.
- ^ James, Rhett S.; Mitton, George L. (1998), "A Response to D. Michael Quinn's Homosexual Distortion of Latter-day Saint History", FARMS Review of Books, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 141–263, archived from the original on July 19, 2011, retrieved February 18, 2011