Sir John Lawson (born ca. 1615–1665 Scarborough, North Yorkshire) was an English naval officer and republican who served in a number of campaigns, including the First Anglo-Dutch War under Admiral Robert Blake,[1] and the Second Anglo-Dutch War in which he died in battle.[2][3]
Lawson was in command of ships in the parliament's service during and after the English Civil War, 1642–6, 1651–3, 1654–6. He was dismissed from the public service, apparently on political grounds in 1656. An anabaptist and republican, he was implicated in the conspiracy of the Fifth Monarchists and arrested in 1657. However, soon released, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the fleet by rump-parliament in 1659 to counter General at sea Edward Montagu.[4] But later on both co-operated with General George Monck in the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. A grateful King Charles II of England knighted him in 1660.
In June 1661, with his flag in the Swiftsure, Lawson accompanied Montagu, now earl of Sandwich, to the Mediterranean to stem the burgeoning corsair activity. Lawson was present when Sandwich and the earl of Peterborough took over Tangier and he bought property in the new English possession; Lawson had been enthusiastic in support of taking Tangier when questioned by the King.[5] When Sandwich went to Lisbon to conduct the new Queen Catherine of Braganza to England, Lawson remained in command of a strong squadron with instructions to coerce Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli into observing treaties not to molest English shipping. After capturing several corsair ships, releasing some two hundred captives and selling about the same number of Moors into slavery, he compelled them to renew the treaties. He returned to England for the winter of 1662–3, and again for that of 1663–1664; and the Algerines, seizing the opportunity, recommenced their piracies. In May, Lawson was again in the Mediterranean, but before the corsairs could be reduced he was ordered home.
Commissioned as the vice-admiral of the red squadron for the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, he died of a wound received at the Battle of Lowestoft.[2]
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1903). "Lawson, John (d.1665)". Index and Epitome. Dictionary of National Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 775.
Further reading
edit- David Plant (1 December 2005). "John Lawson". British-civil-wars.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
- "Sir John Lawson (Pepys' Diary)". Pepysdiary.com.
- "Diary entries from March 1665 (Pepys' Diary)". Pepysdiary.com.
- "Pictured: Divers discover amazingly preserved shipwreck of HMS London on bottom of Thames - News - London Evening Standard". Evening Standard. London. 26 August 2008. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
- Blanchard, Gill (2017). Lawson Lies Still in the Thames - the extraordinary life of Vice-Admiral Sir John Lawson. Amberley Publishing.
- Capp, B S. (1989). Cromwell's navy : the fleet and the English Revolution, 1648-1660. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 019820115X.
References
edit- ^ Dixon, 1852, pp. 230-231
- ^ a b Lee 1903, p. 775 (also main entry xxxii 292)
- ^ David Plant,John Lawson, c.1615-65 Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine British Civil Wars and Commonwealth website
- ^ Capp 1989, p. 335.
- ^ Routh, Enid M G (1912). Tangier, England's Lost Atlantic Outpost. London: John Murray. p. 6.
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