Influence peddling, also called traffic of influence or trading in influence, is the practice of using one's influence in government or connections with authorities to obtain favours or preferential treatment for another, usually in return for payment. Influence peddling per se is not necessarily illegal, as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has often used the modified term "undue influence peddling" to refer to illegal acts of lobbying;[1] however, influence peddling is typically associated with corruption and may therefore delegitimise democratic politics with the general public. It is punishable as a crime in Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, France, Hungary, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Romania,[2] Spain, and the United Kingdom.
Known cases
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In December 2008, Rod Blagojevich, the then Governor of Illinois, was accused of influence peddling in attempting to sell the U.S. Senate seat vacated by the then President-elect Barack Obama.[3] Blagojevich was convicted in 2011 and sentenced to 14 years in prison. He was later pardoned by then-President Donald Trump by February 2020. Larry O'Brien, the then mayor of Ottawa, was brought to trial on similar grounds in May 2009. O'Brien was accused of purported influence peddling. On 5 August 2009, both charges were dismissed.[4] In April 2009, former Newfoundland and Labrador politician Ed Byrne was convicted of influence peddling for his actions in the Constituency Allowance Scandal. He was the first of four politicians convicted in relation to the Scandal and the remaining politicians are on or awaiting trial.[citation needed] In 2012, Amado Boudou, the then vice president of Argentina, was accused of being a mere straw owner of the printing house Ciccone Calcográfica, a private company that has contracts to print over 120 million new Argentine pesos banknotes, license plates, and other government issues. The scandal became known as Boudougate, as the contracts were awarded by Boudou himself when he was the Economy Minister.[5] In 2018, Boudou was convicted of corruption and sentenced to 5 years and 10 months in prison. He was released in 2021 and is currently serving a conditional sentence.
In the Radia tapes controversy of the late 2000s and early 2010, Nira Radia was under investigation for using her connections with Indian politicians and members of the Indian media to tilt the auction of multi-million dollar licence contracts in favour of certain companies and individuals.[citation needed] No major charges were brought against Radia, and the case did not result in convictions. In 2014, former French President Nicolas Sarkozy was investigated due to alleged influence peddling.[citation needed] Sarkozy was convicted in March 2021 for corruption and influence peddling. He was sentenced to three years in prison, with two years suspended and one year to be served under house arrest. In April 2015, the Public Prosecutor's Office of Brazil opened an investigation for influence peddling against Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, at the time a former president of Brazil. It was alleged that, between 2011 and 2014, he lobbied for Odebrecht company to gain public procurements in foreign countries while also getting BNDES to finance those projects. Countries where this allegedly took place include Ghana, Angola, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic.[6] Lula was later convicted on separate corruption charges and imprisoned but was released in 2019 after Brazil's Supreme Court annulled his sentences. In 2022, Lula was re-elected as president of Brazil.
On 9 December 2016, the National Assembly impeached Park Geun-hye, the president of South Korea from 2013 to 2017, on charges related to influence peddling by her top aide Choi Soon-sil, and Hwang Kyo-ahn, the then Prime Minister of South Korea, assumed her powers and duties as Acting President as a result.[citation needed] The Constitutional Court of Korea upheld the impeachment by a unanimous 8–0 ruling on 10 March 2017, thereby removing Park from office.[citation needed]. On 6 April 2018, South Korean courts sentenced her to 24 years in prison; this was later increased to 25 years, and Park was imprisoned at Seoul Detention Center.[citation needed] In 2018, two separate criminal cases resulted in an increase of seven years in her prison sentence. She was found guilty of illegally taking off-the-book funds from the National Intelligence Service and given a five-year prison sentence, and also found guilty of illegally interfering in the Saenuri Party primaries in the 2016 South Korean legislative election, for which she was sentenced to two more years in prison.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Building a Cleaner World Economy". OECD. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ Semeraro, P. (2000). I delitti di millantato credito e traffico di influenza [The offenses of false claims and traffic of influence] (in Italian). Milan: Giuffrè. ISBN 8814083029.
- ^ Hornick, Ed; Kristi Keck; Brianna Keilar (31 December 2008). "Senate Democrats hope stalling can block Blagojevich's pick". CNN. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ Butler, Don (6 August 2009). "The Mayor Returns". The Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "El caso de la ex imprenta Ciccone". La Nación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 October 2018.
- ^ As suspeitas de tráfico de influência internacional sobre o ex-presidente Lula: O Ministério Público Federal abre uma investigação contra o petista – ele é suspeito de ajudar a Odebrecht em contratos bilionários, 30/04/2015 - Updated 08/05/2015
External links
edit- P. Semeraro, Trading in influence and Lobbying in the Spanish criminal Code, p. 297.