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Imran Khan government

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The Imran Khan government was the federal cabinet of Pakistan from 20 August 2018 to 10 April 2022. It was formed by Imran Khan following general elections on 25 July 2018, which saw the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf come to power. The cabinet had 34 federal ministers, 7 ministers of state, 10 Advisers to the Prime Minister and 35 Special Assistants to the Prime Minister (SAPM), most of whom assumed office on 20 August 2018.[1][2][3] The government was dissolved on 3 April 2022 following the dissolution of the National Assembly of Pakistan by the President, Arif Alvi at the behest of the Prime Minister, Imran Khan.[4] On 7 April 2022, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered the restoration of the Federal Cabinet and National Assembly.[5] On 10 April 2022 the government was defeated in a Vote of No-confidence (VONC) against Imran Khan, leading to its subsequent dissolution.[6]

Federal Cabinet of Imran Khan

48th Cabinet of Pakistan
2018–2022
Date formed20 August 2018
Date dissolved10 April 2022
People and organisations
Head of stateMamnoon Hussain (until 9 September 2018)
Arif Alvi (from September 2018)
Head of governmentImran Khan
Member party  PTI
Coalition partners:
MQM-P(Former)
BAP(Former)
GDA
AML(Former)
PML (Q)
IndependentJWP
Status in legislatureSenators
Coalition government
49 / 100 (49%)
National Assembly
Majority coalition
178 / 342 (52%)
Opposition partyPakistan Muslim League (N)
Opposition leaderShehbaz Sharif
History
Election2018
Legislature terms15th Parliament of Pakistan
PredecessorMulk caretaker ministry
SuccessorFirst Shehbaz Sharif ministry

Various ministers and advisors of the cabinet had previously served in the military government of Pervez Musharraf,[7][8][9] Out of a total of 21 ministers in 2018; 12 ministers had previously served under Musharraf, while 5 ministers served previously under PPP governments.[10] The PTI ministry saw 4 different finance ministers (Asad Umar, Abdul Hafeez Shaikh, Hammad Azhar, Shaukat Tarin) from 2018 to 2022. By April 2021 the government had reshuffled six times.[11] During its tenure, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic pressures and domestic scandals, the Army increased its influence in civilian governance, with military officials being appointed to various posts.[12][13][14][15] The Imran Khan government was described as a civil-military "Hybrid Regime".[16][17][18][19] Then Prime Minister Imran Khan described himself and the army as being on the "same page".[20][21][22] Tensions between the Prime Minister and Gen Qamar Bajwa eventually leading to a rift.[23][24] Policy initiatives of the government include the Ehsaas Programme, Kamyab Jawan Program, Plant for Pakistan, Raast, military extensions (Army, Navy, Airforce), Roshan Digital Account and the Sehat Sahulat Program.

Cabinet

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Imran Khan's cabinet with Mike Pompeo.

Khan announced his cabinet soon after taking the oath, he kept the ministry of interior to himself. His choice for ministries was criticized as he came into power on the slogan of Change and Naya Pakistan but most of his appointees were previously ministers during the era of Pervez Musharraf and some served in PPP government which followed Musharraf era.[25][26][27][28][29][30]

He was criticized by supporters and critics for settling for "Diet Reform" as Musharraf pursued rather than the real change that was embodied by the PTI.[31]

To counter that, Imran Khan held meeting with the federal cabinet twice a week and monitor the ministers’ performances regularly.[32]

As a result, Khusro Bakhtiar was shuffled 5 times although he had served as a minister during Musharraf's regime and PML-N coalition government[33]

Shafqat Mehmood was assigned two portfolios and he was commended for his performance during COVID. He had also served as a minister during 1990s and Musharraf regime.[34]

Farogh Naseem has been part of Musharraf's legal team representing him against treason charges which aroused speculation on PTI's stance on if Pervez Musharraf will be tried for treason.[35] Tariq Bashir Cheema has been minister in a past PPP government.[36]

Fehmida Mirza has been Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan in a PPP government.[37]

Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad was assigned the railways and interior ministry on the basis of his experience as a minister during the Musharraf and PML-N era.[38]

Ghulam Sarwar Khan also served as a minister during Musharraf regime.[39] Zubaida Jalal Khan was a minister and held the same portfolio during Musharraf era.[40]

Fawad Chaudhry was media coordinator in the political party formed by Musharraf as well a special Assistant to Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani.[41]

Shah Mehmood Qureshi held the same portfolio in a PPP government.[42] Babar Awan also served in a past PPP government.[43]

Malik Amin Aslam held same portfolio under Musharraf government but is more of a technocrat than a politician.[44] Abdul Razak Dawood was commerce minister for Musharraf as well.[45]

Omar Ayub Khan was the minister of state for finance in Shaukat Aziz's cabinet during the Pervez Musharraf regime.[46] Ali Muhammad Mahar was the former Chief Minister of Sindh during the Musharraf regime.[47]

Reshuffles

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Imran Khan reshuffled his cabinet for six times during his ministry. One of the cabinet reshuffles was on the directions of the Islamabad High Court that barred un-elected advisers and special assistants from heading the Cabinet committees.[48]

On 18 April 2019, the cabinet saw a reshuffle after Asad Umar stepped down as the finance minister.[49]

On 6 April 2020, the cabinet saw another reshuffle.[50] In late April 2020, PTI Senator Shibli Faraz was appointed as the information minister. Meanwhile, retired Lt Gen Asim Saleem Bajwa was appointed as special assistant to the prime minister for information replacing Firdous Ashiq Awan.[51]

In December 2020, the federal cabinet saw the fourth reshuffle days after the Islamabad High Court ruled that unelected advisers and special assistants could not head government’s committees.[52]

In April 2021, Shaukat Tarin was appointed as finance minister, the fourth person to hold the post in the last two years, as Prime Minister Imran Khan made his sixth cabinet reshuffle since assuming power.[53]

Federal Ministers

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Federal ministers[54]
# Name Portfolio Assumed office Left office Party
1 Imran Khan Prime Minister

All important policy issues and all other portfolios not allocated to any minister.

18 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
2 Shah Mehmood Qureshi Foreign Affairs 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
3 Pervez Khattak Defence 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
4 Fawad Chaudhry Information & Broadcasting 20 August 2018 18 April 2019 PTI
Science and Technology 18 April 2019 17 April 2021
Information and Broadcasting 17 April 2021 10 April 2022
Law and Justice 1 April 2022 10 April 2022
5 Asad Umar Finance, Revenue and Economic Affairs 20 August 2018 18 April 2019 PTI
Planning, Development, Reforms and Special Initiatives 19 November 2019 10 April 2022
6 Shaukat Tarin Finance and Revenue 17 April 2021 16 October 2021 PTI
Finance and Revenue 27 December 2021 10 April 2022
7 Hammad Azhar Economic Affairs 8 July 2019 6 April 2020 PTI
Industries & Production 7 April 2020 17 April 2021
Finance and Revenue 29 March 2021 17 April 2021
Energy 17 April 2021 10 April 2022
Revenue Division 11 September 2018 7 July 2019
8 Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad Railways 20-08-2018 11-12-2020 AML(P)
Interior 11 December 2020 10 April 2022
9 Khusro Bakhtiar Planning, Development and Reform 20 August 2018 18 November 2019 PTI
Statistics 11 December 2018 4 April 2019
National Food Security & Research 19 November 2019 6 April 2020
Economic Affairs 7 April 2020 17 April 2021
Industries & Production 17 April 2021 10 April 2022
10 Shafqat Mahmood Federal Education and Professional Training 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
National History, and Literary Heritage Division 20 August 2018 10 April 2022
11 Ijaz Ahmed Shah Parliamentary Affairs 2 April 2019 17 April 2019 PTI
Interior 18 April 2019 11 December 2020
Narcotics Control 11 December 2020 10 April 2022
12 Syed Fakhar Imam National Food Security and Research 6 April 2020 10 April 2022 PTI
13 Omar Ayub Khan Power Division 11 September 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
Petroleum Division 6 May 2019 17 April 2021
Economic Affairs 17 April 2021 10 April 2022
14 Ghulam Sarwar Khan Petroleum Division 20 August 2018 17 April 2019 PTI

Aviation

18 April 2019 10 April 2022
15 Ali Haider Zaidi Maritime Affairs 11 September 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
16 Murad Saeed State & Frontier Regions (State Minister) 11 September 2018 17 September 2018 PTI
Communications (State Minister) 18 September 2018 16 December 2018
Postal Services (State Minister) 26 October 2018 16 December 2018
Communications 17 December 2018 10 April 2022
Postal Services 17 December 2018 3 February 2020
17 Azam Swati Science & Technology 5 October 2018 6 December 2018 PTI
Parliamentary Affairs 19 April 2019 7 April 2020
Narcotics Control 7 April 2020 11 December 2020
Railways 11 December 2020 10 April 2022
18 Farogh Naseem Law and Justice 20 August 2018 26 November 2019 MQM-P
Law and Justice 29 November 2019 1 June 2020
Law and Justice 24 July 2020 1 April 2022
19 Syed Aminul Haque Information Technology and Telecommunication 6 April 2020 31 March 2022 MQM-P
20 Tariq Bashir Cheema States and Frontier Regions 20 August 2018 5 September 2018 PML(Q)
Housing and Works 6 September 2018 1 April 2022
21 Zubaida Jalal Defence Production 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 BAP
22 Noor-ul-Haq Qadri Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
23 Shireen Mazari Human Rights 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
24 Fahmida Mirza Coordination 20 August 2018 10 April 2022 GDA
25 Ali Amin Gandapur Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit Baltistan 5 October 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
26 Moonis Elahi Water Resources 18 July 2021 10 April 2022 PML(Q)
27 Muhammad Mian Soomro Privatisation 5 October 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
Aviation Division 12 December 2018 17 April 2019
28 Shibli Faraz Information and Broadcasting 28 April 2020 11 March 2021 PTI
Science and Technology 17 April 2021 10 April 2022
29 Sahabzada Mehboob Sultan National Food Security & Research 5 October 2018 18 November 2019 PTI
States and Frontier Regions 19 November 2019 10 April 2022
30 Faisal Vawda Water Resources 5 October 2018 3 March 2021 PTI
31 Abdul Hafeez Shaikh Finance, Revenue and Economic Affairs (As Adviser) 19 April 2019 11 December 2020 PTI
Finance and Revenue 11 December 2020 29 March 2021
32 Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui Information Technology and Telecommunication 20 August 2018 7 April 2020 MQM-P
33 Ali Mohammad Mahar Narcotics Control 4 October 2018 21 May 2019 PTI

Minister of State

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# Name Portfolio Assumed office Left office Party
1 Shabbir Ali Qureshi Housing and Works 11 September 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
2 Ali Muhammad Khan Parliamentary Affairs 17 September 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
3 Zartaj Gul Climate Change 5 October 2018 10 April 2022 PTI
4 Farrukh Habib Information and Broadcasting 29 April 2021 10 April 2022 PTI
5 Shehryar Afridi Interior 31 August 2018 17 April 2019 PTI
State and Frontier Regions 18 April 2019 25 September 2020
Narcotics Control 10 June 2019 25 September 2020

Advisors

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Advisors to the Prime Minister
Name Party Portfolio Status Assumed office Left office
1 Ishrat Hussain PTI Institutional Reforms and Austerity Federal Minister 20 August 2018 10 April 2022
2 Musaddiq Abbasi PTI Interior and Accountability Federal Minister 26 January 2022 10 April 2022
3 Abdul Razak Dawood PTI Commerce, Textile, Industry & Production and Investmen Federal Minister 20 August 2018 6 April 2020
Commerce and Investment Federal Minister 7 April 2020 10 April 2022
4 Babar Awan PTI Parliamentary Affairs Federal Minister 6 April 2020 10 April 2022
5 Ayub Afridi PTI Overseas Pakistanis & Human Resource Development Federal Minister 23 November 2021 10 April 2022
6 Malik Amin Aslam PTI Climate Change Federal Minister 20 August 2018 22 July 2020
7 Zaheer-ur-din Babar Awan PTI Parliamentary Affairs Federal Minister 20 August 2018 3 September 2018
Parliamentary Affairs Federal Minister 7 April 2020 10 April 2022
8 Mirza Shahzad Akbar PTI Accountability & Interior Federal Minister 22 July 2020 24 January 2022
9 Shaukat Fayaz Ahned Tarin PTI Finance and Revenue Federal Minister 17 October 2021 26 December 2021

Special Assistants to the Prime Minister

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# Name Party Portfolio Status Assumed office Left office
1 Malik Amin Aslam PTI Climate Change Federal Minister 20 August 2018 10 April 2022
2 Faisal Sultan PTI National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination Federal Minister 3 August 2020 10 April 2022
3 Sania Nishtar PTI Ministry of Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Federal Minister 10 June 2019 10 April 2022
4 Shehzad Arbab PTI Establishment Division Federal Minister 11 April 2020 10 April 2022
5 Moeed Yusuf PTI National Security Adviser Federal Minister 24 December 2019 10 April 2022
6 Ayub Afridi PTI Overseas Pakistanis & Human Resource Development Minister of State 29 November 2021 10 April 2022
7 Malik Aamir Dogar PTI Political Affairs Minister of State 15 November 2020 10 April 2022
8 Waqar Masood Khan PTI Finance and Revenue Minister of State 6 October 2020 24 August 2021
9 Ali Nawaz Awan PTI Capital Development Authority Affairs Minister of State 6 November 2018 10 April 2022
10 Usman Dar PTI Youth Affairs Honorary 3 Dec 2018 10 April 2022
11 Jamshed Iqbal Cheema PTI Food Security Honorary 19 April 2021 10 April 2022
12 Raoof Hasan PTI Information and Broadcasting Honorary 24 October 2020 10 April 2022
13 Tabish Gohar PTI Energy Honorary 30 March 2021 21 September 2021
14 Yar Muhammad Rind PTI Water Resources, Power and Petroleum in Balochistan Honorary 20 March 2019 10 April 2022
15 Shahbaz Gill PTI Political Communication Honorary 13 May 2020 10 April 2022
16 Khalid Mansoor PTI CPEC affairs Honorary 3 August 2021 10 April 2022
17 Shahzad Nawaz PTI Culture, Arts and Related Communications Honorary 16 November 2021 10 April 2022
18 Arbab Ghulam Rahim PTI Sindh Affairs Honorary 28 July 2021 10 April 2022
19 Makhdoom Syed Tariq Mahmood-Ul-Hassan PTI Overseas Pakistanis and Human Development 20 January 2022[55] 10 April 2022
20 Shahzain Bugti JWP Reconciliation and Harmony in Balochistan Honorary 7 July 2021 29 March 2022

Tenure

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Further information: First 100 days of Imran Khan's premiership and Premiership of Imran Khan

Domestic policy

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The Imran Khan government’s cabinet minister Shafqat Mahmood made a committee to counsel on forthcoming community consumption of "heritage buildings" which include governor houses around the country among others.[56]

The government’s finance minister Asad Umar said that Khan had ordered him to bring back the laundered money from oversees. He said that government will sell bonds to expatriate Pakistanis.[57] As part of anti-corruption measures, his cabinet decided to put Nawaz Sharif and Maryam Nawaz on exit control list so they cannot leave the country.[56] The cabinet also issued a directive to bring back Ishaq Dar and sons of former prime minister Nawaz Sharif - Hussain and Hassan - to face justice in pending cases against them. The government also decided to implement the austerity measures announced in Khan's inaugural speech. It was also decided to auction the bulletproof and extravagant vehicles belonging to the prime minister house. The decision was made to avoid unnecessary international tours by government officials including the prime minister.[58] On 21 August 2018, the announcement made by the cabinet regarding putting Nawaz Sharif and Maryam Nawaz on exit control list was acted upon.[59]

Economic policy

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The government entered power in a twin balance of payments and debt crisis with a large current account deficit and fiscal deficit in 2018, Khan's government sought a bailout from the IMF.[60] In exchange for the bailout, Khan's government slashed subsidy spending in the energy sector and unveiled an austerity budget to curb the fiscal deficit and limit government borrowing.[61] The IMF also demanded that the Pakistani government depreciate the rupee and improve tax collection. Khan's government decided to raise import tariffs to collect higher tax revenues and devalued the currency, this alongside the heavy import duty helped to curtail the current account deficit (import substitution).[citation needed]

Pakistan's overall balance of payment's position improved significantly following record-high remittances in 2020, which stabilised the central bank's foreign exchange reserves.[62] The fiscal deficit narrowed to less than 1% of GDP by 2020 due to the government's austerity policies,[63] and the rate of debt accumulation had significantly slowed. At the same time, Pakistan's debt remained high due to the high borrowing of previous governments in which the current government had to allocate $24 billion to pay off loans taken during the tenure of previous governments.[64][65][66]

Environmental policy

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On 24 August 2018, the government decided to commence a major tree plantation project. A task force was created to launch a cleanliness drive in the country. Climate change adviser Malik Amin Aslam informed about the first phase launch of 10-billion tree tsunami drive, and announced that 1.5 million saplings will be planted on 2 September 2018 for which 190 plant collection stations will be set up around the country from where the public will be able to collect saplings for plantation.[67]

Social policy

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In social policy, Khan's government has taken steps to restore religious sites belonging to religious minorities;[68] this included the Kartarpur Corridor.[69] Khan's government took a significantly different position on the policy of minorities than the main opposition party, the PML-N, who had opposed the building of the corridor for Indian pilgrims.[70] Khan's government also instituted reforms to education and healthcare on a national and regional level, respectively.[71][72][73]

Khan's government introduced reforms to Pakistan's social safety net and the system of welfare in Pakistan more broadly.[74][75][76] This included broadening welfare payments which was initially for widows only, to include the disabled as well as provide health insurance coverage.[77]

Foreign policy

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Shah Mehmood Qureshi was sworn in as the Foreign Minister, along with the rest of Khan's government cabinet, on 20 August. Qureshi held his first press conference as foreign minister, during which he said the new government's foreign policy would put "Pakistan first" and "begin and end at Pakistan", emphasizing a focus on national interests.[78] He said all policies would be made at the Foreign Office, and expressed willingness to consult previous foreign ministers, retired diplomats as well as important institutions whilst devising the foreign policy. He briefly touched upon Pakistan's relations with its neighbourhood, the United States and China, and outlined the government's visions and road map in the months to come.[78]

See also

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References

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