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Ibn al-Athir

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For other members of the family, see Ibn Athir.

Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī (Arabic: علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري; 1160–1233) was a Hadith expert, historian, and biographer who wrote in Arabic and was from the Ibn Athir family.[5] At the age of twenty-one he settled with his father in Mosul to continue his studies, where he devoted himself to the study of history and Islamic tradition.

Izz ad-Dīn Abū al-Hasan Ibn al-Athīr
TitleAl-Hafiz
Izz ad-Din
Personal life
BornMay 12, 1160 CE, Jazirat Ibn Umar, present-day Cizre, Seljuk Empire
DiedAH 630 (1232/1233), Mosul, Ayyubid dynasty[1]
EraIslamic golden age
Main interest(s)Hadith, History
Notable work(s)The Complete History and The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i[2]
CreedAsh'ari[3][4]
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced

Biography

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Ibn al-Athir belonged to the Shayban lineage[6] of the large and influential Arab tribe Banu Bakr,[7][8] who lived across upper Mesopotamia, and gave their name to the city of Diyar Bakr.[9][10][11] He is also described to have been of Kurdish origin.[12]

He was the brother of Majd ad-Dīn and Diyā' ad-Dīn Ibn Athir. Al-Athir lived a scholarly life in Mosul, often visited Baghdad and for a time traveled with Saladin's army in Syria. He later lived in Aleppo and Damascus. His chief work was a history of the world, al-Kamil fi at-Tarikh (The Complete History).

Death

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Main article: Tomb of the Girl

Ibn al-Athir died in 1232/1233, and was buried in a cemetery in Mosul, at the district of Bab Sinjar.[13] His tomb was built in the 20th century and was located in the middle of a road, after the cemetery was cleared for modernization.[14] It became a site of an erroneous legend, which identified it as a tomb of a female mystic.[15] However, the government later installed a marble stele to indicate that it was Ibn al-Athir's tomb.[16][17] His tomb was also regarded in local Yazidi folklore as being the grave of a girl who married the Emir of Mosul but died of poisoning.[18]

The tomb of Ibn al-Athir was bulldozed by members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in June 2014.[19]

Works

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  • Al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh (الكامل في التاريخ): "The Complete History"; 11 volumes[20]
  • al-Usd al-ghābah fi ma‘rifat al-ṣaḥābah: "The Lions of the Forest and the knowledge about the Companions"
  • Jami' al-Usul fi Ahadeth ar-Rasul, a massive collection of Hadith (14 large volumes).[21]
  • n-Nihayatu fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar, a classical work on Gharib branch of Hadith terminology where Al-Suyuti said: "This is the best books of rare terms (ghareeb), the most complete, best known and most widely used."[22]
  • Al-Qawl al-Jamil fi 'Ilm al-Jarh wa at-Ta'dil
  • Al-Tārīkh al-bāhir fī al-Dawlah al-Atābakīyah bi-al-Mawṣil
  • Al-Lubāb fī tahdhīb al-ansāb

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Fourth to Seventh century
  2. ^ Majd al-Din al-Mubarak bin Muhammad, Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari. الشافي شرح مسند الشافعي 1-3 ج3. Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah. p. 612.
  3. ^ Nevin Reda; Yasmin Amin, eds. (2020). Islamic Interpretive Tradition and Gender Justice: Processes of Canonization Subversion and Change. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 247. ISBN 9780228002963. 'Ali ibn al-Athir 106 The Sunni historian and Ash'ari theologian Abū al-Hasan 'Izz al-Dīn 'Alī ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Karīm ibn 'Abd al-Wāhid al-Jazarī al-Shaybānī was born in Cizre (Turkey) in 555/1160 and was of Arab descent.
  4. ^ 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Tahir. "دور أبي ذر الهروي في نشر الأشعرية بالمغرب" [The role of Abu Dharr al-Harawi in the spread of Ash'ari theology in Morocco] (in Arabic). Muhammadiya Association of Scholars (al-Rabita al-Muhammadiyya lil-'Ulamā' in Morocco). Archived from the original on 13 Apr 2023.
  5. ^ Andersson, Tobias (16 October 2018). Early Sunnī Historiography A Study of the Tārīkh of Khalīfa B. Khayyāṭ. Brill. p. 62. ISBN 9789004383173.
  6. ^ Kamaruzaman, A.F., Jamaludin, N., Fadzil, A.F.M., 2015. [Ibn Al-Athir’s Philosophy of History in Al-Kamil Fi Al-Tarikh https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281910057_Ibn_Al-Athir's_Philosophy_of_History_in_Al-Kamil_Fi_Al-Tarikh]. Asian Social Science 11(23).
  7. ^ "Ibn al-Athīr". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  8. ^ Donner, Fred McGraw. “The Bakr B. Wā'il Tribes and Politics in Northeastern Arabia on the Eve of Islam.” Studia Islamica, no. 51, 1980, pp. 5–38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1595370.
  9. ^ Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger. 1995. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3 Southern Europe. Routledge. P 190.
  10. ^ Canard, M., Cahen, Cl., Yinanç, Mükrimin H., and Sourdel-Thomine, J. ‘Diyār Bakr’. Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman et al. Brill Reference Online. Web. 16 Nov. 2019. Accessed on 16 November 2019.
  11. ^ a. Historiography of the Ayyubid and Mamluk epochs, Donald P. Little, The Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol.1, ed. M. W. Daly, Carl F. Petry, (Cambridge University Press, 1998), 415.
    b. Ibn al-Athir, The A to Z of Islam, ed. Ludwig W. Adamec, (Scarecrow Press, 2009), 135.
    c. Peter Partner, God of Battles: Holy wars of Christianity and Islam, (Princeton University Press, 1997), 96.
    d. Venice and the Turks, Jean-Claude Hocquet, Venice and the Islamic world: 828–1797, edited by Stefano Carboni, (Editions Gallimard, 2006), 35 n17.
    e. Marc Ferro, Colonization: A Global History, (Routledge, 1997), 6.
    f. Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna, (Praeger Publishers, 2000), 69.
  12. ^ 1. Philip G. Kreyenbroek , Oral Literature of Iranian Languages al-Athir..a historian and biographer of Kurdish origin
    2. Yasir Suleiman, "Language and identity in the Middle East and North Africa", Curzon Press, 1996, ISBN 0700704108, p. 154. Ibn al-Athir, (d.1233), a Kurdish historian and biographer...
  13. ^ "عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت". omferas.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  14. ^ "عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت". omferas.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  15. ^ "قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل". منتديات برطلي. 2023-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  16. ^ "الموصل بعد 150 عاماً !". almadapaper.net. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  17. ^ "عز الدين بن الاثير وقبر البنت". omferas.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  18. ^ "قبر البنت في باب سنجارفي الموصل". منتديات برطلي. 2023-11-21. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
  19. ^ Isra' al-Rubei'i. "Iraqi forces ready push after Obama offers advisers." Reuters, June 20, 2014.[1]
  20. ^ Al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh (Arabic)
  21. ^ "JAMI' AL-USUL FI AHADETH AR-RASUL - IBN ATHIR (TAHQIQ AL-ARNAOUT)". sifatusafwa.com.
  22. ^ "AN-NIHAYATU FI GHARIB AL-HADITH WA AL-ATHAR - IBN ATHIR". sifatusafwa.com.
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