Hong Kong first competed at the Olympic Games in 1952. It competed as a British colony until 1996. After the territory's handover in 1997, it has competed since 2000 as "Hong Kong, China" with its status as a special administrative region (SAR) of China. Throughout its history, Hong Kong has participated in every Summer Olympic Games since 1952, except in 1980 in support of the United States' boycott, and in every Winter Olympic Games since 2002.
| Hong Kong at the Olympics | |
|---|---|
 Hong Kong SAR | |
| IOC code | HKG |
| NOC | Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China |
| Website | www |
| Medals Ranked 77th |
|
| Summer appearances | |
| Winter appearances | |
Hong Kong won its first medal and first gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics, its second gold medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics, and its third and fourth gold medals at the 2024 Summer Olympics. It has also won eight other medals: three silvers and six bronzes. Its best performance to date (by number of gold medals) was in 2024, where it won two gold and two bronze medals.
History
editThe first Olympic athlete from Hong Kong was Yvonne Yeung, who competed in 1936 for the Republic of China (ROC) instead of British Hong Kong. The ROC, today mostly limited to Taiwan and a bunch of smaller islands, currently competes as Chinese Taipei. The National Olympic Committee (NOC) for Hong Kong was founded in 1950 as the Amateur Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, and is now known as the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China. It was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1951, and subsequently, Hong Kong began to be represented separately from Great Britain (for any gold medal ceremony, the colonial flag of Hong Kong was raised and the British national anthem was played).
After Hong Kong was handed over to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1997, the NOC for the new special administrative region (SAR) of China has since been known as "Hong Kong, China". Hong Kong maintains its own NOC and is represented separately from mainland China at the Olympics. This is understood to be a grandfathered policy though there is no written documentation evidencing this explanation.[1] In contrast, while Macau also has its own NOC, it is not recognised by the IOC and can only compete separately from mainland China in regional games like the Asian Games.[2]
For any gold medal ceremony, the Hong Kong SAR flag is raised and the PRC national anthem is played, even in situations where athletes from China win silver or bronze, resulting in the Hong Kong SAR flag flying above that of China. This is nevertheless permitted under the constitution promulgated by the PRC prior to the handover (specifically, Article 151, Chapter 7 of the Basic Law), which states that Hong Kong "may, on its own, [...] maintain and develop relations and conclude and implement agreements with foreign states and regions and relevant international organizations in the appropriate fields, including the economic, trade, financial and monetary, shipping, communications, tourism, cultural and sports fields".[3]
In 2008, Hong Kong was the site of the equestrian venues for the Beijing Summer Olympics.
Medals by Games
edit
Medals by sport
edit| Sport | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Fencing | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
 Sailing | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
 Swimming | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
 Table tennis | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
 Cycling | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
 Karate | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | 4 | 3 | 6 | 13 |
List of medallists
edit| Medal | Name | Games | Sport | Event |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Gold |
Lee Lai-shan | 1996 Atlanta |  Sailing |
Women's sailboard (Mistral) |
 Silver |
Ko Lai-chak Li Ching |
2004 Athens |  Table tennis |
Men's doubles |
 Bronze |
Lee Wai-sze | 2012 London | _pictogram.svg){kind=small} Cycling |
Women's keirin |
| Gold |
Cheung Ka-long | 2020 Tokyo |  Fencing |
Men's foil |
| Silver |
Siobhán Haughey |  Swimming |
Women's 200 metre freestyle | |
| Silver |
Women's 100 metre freestyle | |||
| Bronze |
Doo Hoi-kem Lee Ho-ching Minnie Soo Wai-yam |
Table tennis |
Women's team | |
| Bronze |
Grace Lau |  Karate |
Women's kata | |
| Bronze |
Lee Wai-sze | Cycling |
Women's Sprint | |
| Gold |
Vivian Kong | 2024 Paris | Fencing |
Women's épée |
| Gold |
Cheung Ka-long | Fencing |
Men's foil | |
| Bronze |
Siobhán Haughey | Swimming |
Women's 200 metre freestyle | |
| Bronze |
Women's 100 metre freestyle |
Multiple medallists
edit| Athlete | Sport | Games |  Gold
|
 Silver
|
 Bronze
|
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siobhán Haughey | Swimming
|
2020, 2024 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| Cheung Ka-long | Fencing
|
2020, 2024 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Lee Wai-sze | Cycling
|
2012, 2020 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
National Olympic Committee
editThe National Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, SF&OC, has been repeatedly warned by the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and Leisure and Cultural Services Department (LCSD) against corruption and to implement better governance. With Timothy Fok as president of the Olympic committee, there have numerous allegations of misconduct against the SF&OC and Fok. In August 2016, the Hong Kong Economic Journal released an article accusing the SF&OC and Fok of various transgressions.[4][examples needed] In April 2020, the government's Audit Commission released a 141-page report after investigating the Olympic committee, describing various failures with the SF&OC, including lax governance.[5] An editorial published by the South China Morning Post agreed with the Audit Commission and stating that the city's sports development was at risk.[6]
The former sports commissioner of Hong Kong, Yeung Tak-keung, said that "very few people" in the government are familiar with sports and "they often don't know much about sports, nor can they think from the perspective of sports development."[7]
Athlete training
editThe Hong Kong Sports Institute (HKSI) is a government-funded training center for elite athletes and potential Olympians in Hong Kong. It has been criticised for its decision to primarily fund 20 tier-A sports, including those not included in the Olympics and those which "may not even be able to achieve any breakthrough in the coming years", in turn neglecting support for other sport categories. After the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, where Hong Kong obtained its best Olympics result with six medals, Chung Pak-kwong – former chief executive of HKSI and a sports professor at Baptist University – claimed that Hong Kong's achievements at the Olympics had been disproportionate to the amount of resources invested. Chung suggested that the territory's sports developments should have translated to medals earlier, at the 2016 Summer Olympics (where it instead obtained zero medals). In one South China Morning Post article, an anonymous senior sports official suggested that Hong Kong adopt a more "medal-oriented strategy", recommending that more support be put towards sports that Asians have traditionally performed well in – such as archery or those with weight categories like judo – where "Asians are not at a disadvantage to stronger, bigger Westerners".[8]
Government rules
editIn November 2024, the government banned surfing, which effectively ruled out any possibility of Hong Kong participating in the surfing events at the Olympics.[9]
Naming
editPrior to 1997, the team's name was "Hong Kong"; after 1997, the team's name became "Hong Kong, China". In most[how?] other languages, this name is used for translation (e.g. French: Hong Kong, Chine; Russian: Гонконг, Китай Gonkong, Kitay; Simplified Chinese: 中国香港; Zhōngguó Xiānggǎng).[importance?] The Japanese team name is Honkon Chaina (ホンコン・チャイナ) and the Korean team name is Hongkong Chaina (홍콩차이나), using English transliterations of the word "China" instead of the native translation.[importance?]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Leicester, John (30 July 2021). "As China absorbs Hong Kong, why do both get Olympic teams?". AP News. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
- ^ "About the Sports and Olympic Committee of Macau, China". Sports and Olympic Committee of Macau, China. 29 May 2013. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
- ^ "Basic Law Full Text – chapter (7)". Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "How a cabal controls Hong Kong's Olympic sports EJINSIGHT – ejinsight.com". EJINSIGHT. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ Ng, Kang-chung (29 April 2020). "Hong Kong watchdog pans city's Olympic Committee over spending, lack of meetings and athlete selection criteria". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "Hong Kong's sport bodies should lift their game". South China Morning Post. 2 May 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
- ^ "Opinion | Hong Kong's tourism, culture sectors deserve support, not just criticism". South China Morning Post. 21 October 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ Lau, Jack; Heng, Cheryl; Chan, Kin-wa (9 August 2021). "Tokyo Olympics was Hong Kong's 'greatest games' ever, but are more medals on the horizon or was this a flash in the pan?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ "Exclusive | Hong Kong officials double down on surfing ban, refuse to discuss change in law". South China Morning Post. 18 November 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
External links
edit- "Hong Kong". International Olympic Committee. 27 July 2021.
- "Hong Kong". Olympedia.com.
- "Olympic Analytics/HKG". olympanalyt.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
- Monique Berlioux (February 1977). "Hong Kong and Olympism" (PDF). Olympic Review (112). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee: 104–109. Retrieved 29 July 2007.