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"Gospel Plow" (also known as "Hold On" and "Keep Your Hand on the Plow") is a traditional African American spiritual. It is listed in the Roud Folk Song Index, number 10075. The title is biblical, based on Luke 9:62.
The earliest date in which this spiritual appears in written form is in 1917, in the Cecil Sharp Collection, while the earliest recording is from 1930 under the title of "Keep Yo' Hand on the Plow, Hold On" by the Hall Johnson Negro Choir.[1]
Like most African American spirituals, Gospel Plow can be defined as a "musical poem, not attributable to any specific poet or composer" that describes some aspect of the "early Afro-American's view of life."[2]
The allusion to the plow makes clear reference to the enslaved condition of African Americans working in the fields. Presumably, this spiritual must have been a message of encouragement connected to Luke 9:62's teaching that to keep plowing is to be fit for the kingdom of God.
Lyrics
editThere is no one official version of the lyrics of this song, such as is the case with many traditional spirituals and folk songs in general whose authorship is unknown. Perhaps the most famous rendition of Gospel Plow is Bob Dylan's in 1962:
Mary wore three links of chain
Every link was Jesus' name
Keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Oh Lord, oh Lord, keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Mary, Mark, Luke and John
All these prophets are dead and gone
Keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Oh Lord, oh Lord, keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Well, I've never been to Heaven
But I've been told streets up there
Are lined with gold
Keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Oh Lord, oh Lord, keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Oh Lord, oh Lord, keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Oh Lord, oh Lord, keep your hand on that plow, hold on
Another famous rendition of the song is under the name of "Keep Your Hand on the Plow" by gospel singer and civil rights activist Mahalia Jackson. The lyrics are slightly different:
Hold on
Hold on
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on
Hold on
Hold on
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on
Heard the voice of Jesus say
Come unto me, I am the way.
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
When my way gets dark as night,
I know the lord will be my light,
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
Hold on
Hold on
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
You can talk about me much as you please
The more you talk, gonna stay on my knees.
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
When I get to heaven, gonna sing and shout
Be nobody there to put me out.
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
I know my robe's gonna fit me well,
I tried it on at the gates of Hell.
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on.
Hold on
Hold on
Keep your hand on the plow, hold on
The structure of Jackson's rendition is interesting because it does not follow the traditional spiritual composition format of four-line stanzas in the AAAB or AABA rhyme scheme.[3] Instead, it is composed in three-line stanzas that follow the AAB rhyme scheme which might be attributed to being a gospel adaptation of the traditional spiritual form of the song.
This song must have been an important one for Jackson, considering that the title of one of the chapters of her autobiography Movin' On Up is precisely "Keep your hand on the plow."[4] In this chapter, she makes reference to pushing through during times of physical exhaustion after her tour through Europe.
Recordings
edit- Hall Johnson Negro Choir - Keep Yo' Hand on the Plow, Hold On - 1930
- Duke Ellington at the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival
- The Folksmiths, including Joe Hickerson - We've Got Some Singing To Do 1958
- Odetta on Odetta at Carnegie Hall 1961
- Clara Ward and Her Singers 1962
- Bob Dylan on his self-titled debut album 1962[5]
- Peggy Lee - 2 Shows Nightly 1968
- Noel Pointer - Hold On 1978
- Screaming Trees - Dust 1996
- Old Crow Medicine Show - Greetings from WAWA - 2000
- The Hackensaw Boys - Look Out - 2007
- Charlie Parr - Keep Your Hands On The Plow - 2011
- Uncle Sinner - Ballads and Mental Breakdowns - 2008
- Elizabeth Cook - Gospel Plow - 2012
- Moses Hogan - The Moses Hogan Choral Series 2003: This Little Light of Mine
- Slim Cessna's Auto Club - Always Say Please & Thank You (2000)
- Chance McCoy - Chance McCoy and the Appalachian String Band (2008) [6]
- Vondie Curtis-Hall 2019 Official soundtrack Harriet
Published versions
edit- Alan Lomax and John A. Lomax Our Singing Country 1941 (pp 44–45)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Keep Your Hand on the Plow". The Traditional Ballad Index: An annotated source to folk song from the English-speaking world, edited by Robert B. Waltz.
- ^ Tyler, Mary Ann L. "The Music of Charles Henry Pace and Its Relationship to the Afro-American Church Experience" (Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh, 1980), 15. Contained in: Darden, Robert. “What Spirituals Are, What Spirituals Mean.” People Get Ready! A New History of Black Gospel Music, 2015, pp. 70–93.
- ^ “What Spirituals Are, What Spirituals Mean.” People Get Ready! A New History of Black Gospel Music, 2015, p. 73
- ^ Jackson, Mahalia, and Evan McLeod Wylie. Movin' on Up. [1st ed.] ed., Hawthorn Books, 1966.
- ^ "Gospel Plow | The Official Bob Dylan Site". www.bobdylan.com. Retrieved 2018-07-01.
- ^ "Chance McCoy & the Appalachian String Band - Gospel Plow - YouTube". YouTube. 28 September 2012.
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