Nagoya Grampus

(Redirected from Grampus Eight)

Nagoya Grampus (名古屋グランパス, Nagoya Guranpasu); formerly known as Nagoya Grampus Eight (名古屋グランパスエイト, Nagoya Guranpasu Eito) is a Japanese association football club that plays in the J1 League, and have for all but one season since the inauguration of the league, following promotion from the J2 League in 2017.

Nagoya Grampus
Full nameNagoya Grampus
Nickname(s)Grampus Eight
Founded1946; 78 years ago (1946) as Toyota Motor SC
StadiumToyota Stadium
Capacity44,692[1]
OwnerToyota
ChairmanToyo Kato
ManagerKenta Hasegawa
LeagueJ1 League
2024J1 League, 11th of 20
Websitenagoya-grampus.jp
Current season

Based in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture and founded as the company team of the Toyota Motor Corp. in 1939, the club shares its home games between Mizuho Athletic Stadium (capacity 27,000 and the J.League's oldest serving stadium) and the much larger Toyota Stadium in the city of Toyota (capacity 45,000).

Grampus had its most successful season up to 1996 when it was managed by Arsène Wenger, well known for his subsequent exploits at Arsenal. They won the Emperor's Cup and finished second in the J.League, with their FR Yugoslavia captain Dragan Stojković being named J.League MVP. The 1995 success was eclipsed on November 20, 2010, when the club won its first J.League trophy, under the management of Stojković.[2]

The team's name was derived from two prominent symbols of Nagoya. The first is the shachihoko (tiger-headed carp) statues atop Nagoya Castle, also called shachi; this word is a homophone with the Japanese word for orca, a species formerly referred to as "grampus". The second is the maru-hachi (circle-eight), Nagoya's official emblem. The team's mascot is Grampus-kun, an orca.[3]

History

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Japan Soccer League era

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Toyota Motor SC was overshadowed by its colleague Toyota Automated Loom Works SC (founded in 1946 and which was one of the founding members of the Japan Soccer League). When Toyota ALW were relegated to regional leagues in 1968, Toyota Motor saw an opportunity to rise at their expense.[4]

In 1972, the club was founding members of the JSL's Second Division and its inaugural champions. They remained in the JSL until the J.League's founding in 1993. They were relegated to the JSL Division 2 in 1977. In 1990, the club name was changed to "Nagoya Grampus Eight".

After a brief return in 1987–88, they were promoted for good in 1989–90 and remained in the top flight for 26 years, until 2016.

J.League era

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Grampus Eight was an original member ("Original Ten"[a]) of the J.League in 1993. In 1996, future Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger led Grampus to the 1996 Emperor's Cup and a runners-up finish in the J.League, the club's best finish.

The team's name "Nagoya Grampus Eight" was changed to just "Nagoya Grampus" at the start of the 2008 season.[4] In 2008, Nagoya appointed former player Dragan Stojković as manager. They finished in third place and qualified for the AFC Champions League for the first time.[5] Stojković has since led the club to winning the J.League in the 2010 season, featuring a squad consisting of Marcus Tulio Tanaka, Mu Kanazaki, Seigo Narazaki, Yoshizumi Ogawa, Keiji Tamada and Joshua Kennedy.[2] After a poor 2016 season, Grampus were relegated to J2 League for the first time in their history.[6] Boško Gjurovski left his post as manager.[7] On 4 January 2017, Yahiro Kazama was appointed as the club's new manager.[8] On 3 December 2017, Grampus drew 0–0 against Avispa Fukuoka in the promotion playoff final, securing promotion back to J1 League at the first time of asking due to their higher regular season position than Avispa Fukuoka.[9] On 23 September 2019, Massimo Ficcadenti was appointed as the club's new manager. The Italian manager led the club the winner of the J.League Cup in 2021. However, Grampus didn't renew a contract with Ficcadenti, and appointed Kenta Hasegawa as their new manager.

Kashima Soccer Stadium curse

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Since Grampus were dealt a 5–0 defeat by the Kashima Antlers at the Kashima Soccer Stadium on 16 May in the 1993 J.League season opener, Grampus suffered a losing streak of 22 consecutive games to the Kashima Antlers at the Kashima Soccer Stadium which included Emperor's Cup and J.League Cup games. Grampus finally got their first victory over the Kashima Antlers at the Kashima Soccer Stadium on 23 August of the 2008 J.League season, some 15 years later.

Affiliated clubs

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On 25 November 2022, Nagoya Grampus sign partnership with Serie A club, AS Roma.[citation needed]

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In the Captain Tsubasa manga series, one character was player of Nagoya Grampus and is the goalkeeper Ken Wakashimazu which was player of Yokohama Flügels before the closing of the Yokohama team. In 2013, the midfielder Shingo Aoi wear the Nagoya Grampus jersey in a Yoichi Takahashi tribute to the 20 years of J.League.

Kit and colours

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Nagoya Grampus former crest from 1990 to 2023

Sponsors

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Season(s) Kit Manufacturer Main Shirt Sponsor Collarbone Sponsor Additional Sponsor(s)
2019 Mizuno Toyota Senon (Left) Tokai Tokyo Securities (Right) Denso Toyota Tsusho TS3 Toyota Gazoo Racing Before the ban is lifted
2020 Toyota / GR Yaris Goo Net (Left) au 5G (Right・1st)
au (Right・2nd)
-
2021 GR Yaris Toyota Industries
2022 GR 86 au 5G (Right) V Vantelin
2023 Waku Sutaffu (Right) AISIN V Vantelin -
2024

Kit evolution

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Home kit - 1st
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1993
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1994 - 1996
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1997
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1998
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1999 - 2000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2001 - 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2003 - 2004
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2005 - 2006
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 - 2008
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2009 - 2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011 - 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013 - 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2024 -
Away kit - 2nd
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1993
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1994 - 1996
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1997
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1998
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1999 - 2000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2001 - 2002
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2003 - 2004
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2005 - 2006
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2007 - 2008
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2009 - 2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011 - 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013 - 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2023
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2024 -
Alternative Kits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2001 - 2002 3rd
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2011
1st ACL
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2012
1st ACL
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2012
20th Anniversary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013
20th Anniversary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2014
Nagoya TV Tower
60th Anniversary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
25th Anniversary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2018
J.League
25th Anniversary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
Shachi Festival
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021
Shachi Festival
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2022 Great Celebration of Tai
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2023 Great Celebration of Tuna
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2024 Great Celebration of Tuna

Current squad

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As of 16 August 2024.[10]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   AUS Mitchell Langerak
2 DF   JPN Yuki Nogami
3 DF   KOR Ha Chang-rae
4 DF   JPN Shion Inoue
5 MF   JPN Haruki Yoshida
7 MF   JPN Ryuji Izumi
8 MF   JPN Keiya Shiihashi
10 FW   BRA Patric
11 FW   JPN Yuya Yamagishi
14 MF   JPN Tsukasa Morishima
15 MF   JPN Sho Inagaki (captain)
16 GK   JPN Yohei Takeda
17 MF   JPN Ken Masui
18 FW   JPN Kensuke Nagai
19 MF   JPN Takuya Shigehiro
20 DF   JPN Kennedy Egbus Mikuni
24 DF   JPN Akinari Kawazura
No. Pos. Nation Player
27 MF   JPN Katsuhiro Nakayama
28 FW   JPN Kyota Sakakibara
32 MF   JPN Haruto Suzuki
33 MF   JPN Taichi Kikuchi
34 MF   JPN Takuya Uchida
35 GK   JPN Alexandre Pisano
37 GK   JPN Daichi Sugimoto
41 MF   JPN Masahito Ono
42 FW   JPN Shungo Sugiura Type 2
43 MF   JPN Yuto Nishimori Type 2
44 DF   JPN Soichiro Mori Type 2
46 DF   JPN Ryuki Oiso DSP
55 DF   JPN Shuhei Tokumoto (on loan from FC Tokyo)
66 MF   JPN Ryosuke Yamanaka
77 FW   DEN Kasper Junker

Out on loan

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Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
6 MF   JPN Takuji Yonemoto (at Kyoto Sanga)
9 FW   JPN Noriyoshi Sakai (at Renofa Yamaguchi)
23 GK   JPN Daiki Mitsui (at Tokushima Vortis)
25 MF   JPN Tojiro Kubo (at Sagan Tosu)
26 MF   JPN Shumpei Naruse (at V-Varen Nagasaki)
30 DF   JPN Ei Gyotoku (at Nagano Parceiro)
No. Pos. Nation Player
31 FW   JPN Ryoga Kida (at   Argentinos Juniors)
GK   JPN John Higashi (at FC Ryukyu)
DF   JPN Ryoya Morishita (at   Legia Warsaw)
MF   JPN Hidemasa Koda (at Mito Hollyhock)
MF   JPN Ryotaro Ishida (at Tochigi SC)
FW   JPN Koki Toyoda (at Iwate Grulla Morioka)

Nagoya Grampus U-18

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As of 16 April 2024.

The main U-18 team of Nagoya Grampus currently plays in the Prince Takamado U-18 Premier League, the top-flight league for U-18 clubs in the country. Only the registered players for the competition will be displayed.[11]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player
1 GK   JPN Shiki Hamasaki
2 DF   JPN Shuto Izawa
3 DF   JPN Yuto Tomikawa
4 DF   JPN Masamune Aoki
5 DF   JPN Towa Karimai
6 DF   JPN Kanau Ikema
7 MF   JPN Yuto Nishimori
8 MF   JPN Kosei Matsushima
9 FW   JPN Naoto Nishimori
10 FW   JPN Shungo Sugiura
11 MF   JPN Sora Nakahara
12 DF   JPN Mana Kambe
13 FW   JPN Ritsu Onishi
14 MF   JPN Mahito Yairo
15 FW   JPN Yugo Nonaka
16 GK   JPN Naotaro Kato
17 MF   JPN Yuto Nomura
18 MF   JPN Shu Tsuruta
19 MF   JPN Ryu Kanda
20 DF   JPN Soichiro Mori
No. Pos. Nation Player
21 GK   JPN Kodai Miyamoto
22 FW   JPN Ken Ito
23 DF   JPN Haruki Yamamoto
24 MF   JPN Haruto Hirakawa
25 DF   JPN Shuta Komuro
26 DF   JPN Serato Maruyama
27 FW   JPN Kakeru Ishida
28 DF   JPN Chisom Taichi Odike
29 MF   JPN Masato Mizuno
30 MF   JPN Shotaro Senga
32 FW   JPN Sanii Omi
33 MF   JPN Ryoma Tsuneyoshi
34 MF   JPN Haruto Chujo
35 DF   JPN Fugo Naruse
36 MF   JPN Aoto Kojima
37 MF   JPN Kiichi Kamiya
38 MF   JPN Jota Tsumura
39 DF   JPN Ichise Utsumi
40 DF   JPN Rekuto Shiraogawa
42 MF   JPN Ryo Osawa

Club officials

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Club Staff for 2024 [12]

Position Name
Manager   Kenta Hasegawa
Head coach   Kosuke Takeya
Coaches   Tsuyoshi Yoshitake
  Keiji Yoshimura
Analytical coach   Ryosuke Sato
  Shuta Tsukamoto
Goalkeeper coach   Kazumasa Kawano
Assistant goalkeeper coach   Seigo Narazaki
Performance coach   Daisuke Uematsu
Physical coach   Kaito Yamada
Chief doctor   Shinya Ishizuka
Physiotherapist   Masakazu Mizutani
  Toru Fujii
Chief trainer   Kento Fujita
Trainer   Hiroki Kondo
  Kohei Baba
Team side manager   Minoru Mita
Side affairs   Shinichi Kitano
  Shinnosuke Ishizaka
  Yasuhiro Tanigawa
Interpreter   Kota Kurosu
  Takashi Kurokawa
  Moon Keon-ho

Manager history

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Information correct as of match played 4 December 2021. Only competitive matches are counted.

Name Nat. From To P W D L F A %W
Marcos Falopa   Brazil 1991 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Ryuzo Hiraki   Japan 1992 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Gordon Milne   England 1 January 1994 31 December 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Tetsuro Miura (caretaker)   Japan 1 January 1995 30 June 1995 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Arsène Wenger   France 1 July 1995 30 September 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
José Costa (caretaker)   Portugal 30 September 1996 21 November 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Carlos Queiroz   Portugal 21 November 1996 November 1997 50 24 5 21 72 69 048.00
Koji Tanaka   Japan 1997 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Daniel Sanchez   France 1 January 1998 31 January 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Mazarópi (caretaker)   Brazil 1999 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
João Carlos   Brazil 1999 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
Tetsuro Miura   Japan 2001 2001 15 7 1 7 0 0 046.67
Zdenko Verdenik   Slovenia 1 January 2002 4 August 2003 45 20 9 16 0 0 044.44
Nelsinho Baptista   Brazil 29 July 2003 20 September 2005 69 26 20 23 0 0 037.68
Hitoshi Nakata (caretaker)   Japan 21 September 2005 31 December 2005 10 2 1 7 0 0 020.00
Sef Vergoossen   Netherlands 1 January 2006 31 December 2007 68 26 15 27 0 0 038.24
Dragan Stojković Piksi   Serbia 22 January 2008 7 December 2013 204 103 42 59 0 0 050.49
Akira Nishino   Japan 25 December 2013 22 November 2015 87 36 21 30 135 123 041.38
Takafumi Ogura   Japan 24 November 2015 23 August 2016 32 5 8 19 30 56 015.63
Boško Gjurovski (caretaker)   North Macedonia 23 August 2016 6 November 2016[7] 9 3 2 4 12 13 033.33
Yahiro Kazama   Japan 4 January 2017[8] 23 September 2019 [13] 89 40 13 36 157 147 044.94
Massimo Ficcadenti   Italy 23 September 2019[14] 9 December 2021[15] 101 54 20 27 136 86 053.47
Kenta Hasegawa   Japan 9 December 2021[16] 0 0 0 0 0 0 !
  • Notes:

P – Total of played matches W – Won matches D – Drawn matches L – Lost matches F – Goal scored A – Goals against
%W – Percentage of matches won
Nationality is indicated by the corresponding FIFA country code(s).

Personnel awards

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World Cup players

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The following players have been selected by their country in the World Cup, while playing for Nagoya Grampus:

Record as J.League member

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Champions Runners-up Third place Promoted Relegated
Season Div. Teams Pos. Attendance/G J.League
Cup
Emperor's
Cup
Asia
1992 Semi-final 1st round Did not qualify Did not qualify
1993 J1 10 9th 19,858 Group stage Quarter-final
1994 12 11th 21,842 First round 2nd round
1995 14 3rd 21,463 Winners
1996 16 2nd 21,699 Group stage 3rd round
1997 17 9th 14,750 Semi-final 3rd round CWC Runners-up
1998 18 5th 13,993 Group stage Semi-final Did not qualify Did not qualify
1999 16 4th 14,688 Semi-final Winners
2000 16 9th 14,114 Semi-final Round of 16
2001 16 5th 16,974 Semi-final 3rd round CWC Quarter-finals
2002 16 6th 16,323 Group stage Round of 16 Did not qualify Did not qualify
2003 16 7th 16,768 Semi-final Round of 16
2004 16 7th 15,712 Semi-final Round of 16
2005 18 14th 13,288 Group stage Round of 16
2006 18 7th 14,924 Group stage Round of 16
2007 18 11th 15,585 Group stage Round of 16
2008 18 3rd 16,555 Semi-final Quarter-final
2009 18 9th 15,928 Quarter-final Runners-up CL Semi-final
2010 18 1st 19,979 Group stage Quarter-final Did not qualify Did not qualify
2011 18 2nd 16,741 Semi-final Quarter-final CL Round of 16
2012 18 7th 17,155 Quarter-final Quarter-final CL Round of 16
2013 18 11th 16,135 Group stage Second round Did not qualify Did not qualify
2014 18 10th 16,734 Group stage Quarter-final
2015 18 9th 16,240 Quarter-final Second round
2016 18 16th 17,729 Group stage Second round
2017 J2 22 3rd 15,365 Not eligible Round of 16
2018 J1 18 15th 24,961 Group stage 3rd round
2019 18 13th 27,612 Quarter-final Second round
2020 18 3rd 8,537 Quarter-final Not eligible
2021 20 5th 11,080 Winners Quarter-final CL Quarter-final
2022 18 8th 18,813 Quarter-final Round of 16 Did not qualify Did not qualify
2023 18 6th 27,504 Semi-final Quarter-final
2024 20 11th 27,650 Winners 2nd round
2025 20 TBD TBD TBD
Key
  • Pos. = Position in league
  • Attendance/G = Average league attendance
  • 2020 & 2021 seasons attendances reduced by COVID-19 worldwide pandemic.
  • Source: J. League Data Site

Honours

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As Toyota Motor SC (1939–1991) and as Nagoya Grampus (1991–Present)

Nagoya Grampus honours
Honour No. Years
All Japan Senior Football Championship 2 1968, 1970
Japan Soccer League Division 2 1 1972
Konica Cup 1 1991
Emperor's Cup 2 1995, 1999
Japanese Super Cup 2 1996, 2011
J1 League 1 2010
J.League Cup 2 2021, 2024

League history

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  • Regional League (Tokai Adult Soccer League): 1966–71
  • Division 2 (JSL Div. 2): 1972
  • Division 1 (JSL Div. 1): 1973–77
  • Division 2 (JSL Div. 2): 1978–86
  • Division 1 (JSL Div. 1): 1987
  • Division 2 (JSL Div. 2): 1988–89
  • Division 1 (JSL Div. 1): 1990–91
  • Division 1 (J.League Div. 1): 1992–2016
  • Division 2 (J2 League): 2017
  • Division 1 (J.League Div. 1): 2018
As of 2015: 33 seasons in the top tier, 12 seasons in the second tier and 6 seasons in the Regional Leagues.

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ "FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Bid Evaluation Report" (PDF). FIFA. 10 June 2020. pp. 177–178. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b John Duerden (2010-11-05). "Stojkovic doing things the Wenger way". ESPNsoccernet. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
  3. ^ "Nagoya Grampus Profile, Results, Players, Stats, Stadium". J.LEAGUE. Retrieved 2024-04-03. Grampus-kun is J.LEAGUE's famous orca or "shachi" in Japanese—chosen by Nagoya Grampus as "shachi" also refers to the mythical creatures that adorn Nagoya Castle. Those "shachi" are a blend of the head of a tiger and the body of a carp and are said to protect temples and castles from destruction.
  4. ^ a b "Club guide: Nagoya Grampus". J.League. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  5. ^ "J.League News No.40" (PDF). J.League. December 19, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  6. ^ 名古屋グランパスを支えていただいてる皆さまへ(来シーズンのJ2降格を受けて. nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. 4 November 2016. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  7. ^ a b ボスコ・ジュロヴスキー監督、契約満了のお知らせ. nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. 6 November 2016. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  8. ^ a b 名古屋グランパス新監督に風間 八宏氏就任決定のお知らせ. nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. 4 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
  9. ^ "Grampus come through playoff to seal return to J.League top flight". japantimes.co.jp. Japan Times. 3 December 2017. Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
  10. ^ 選手・スタッフ. nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  11. ^ 選手・スタッフ. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Club Staff". nagoya-grampus.jp. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  13. ^ 風間八宏監督 契約解除のお知らせ|ニュース|名古屋グランパス公式サイト. Nagoya Grampus (in Japanese). 2019-09-23. Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  14. ^ マッシモ フィッカデンティ氏 監督就任のお知らせ|ニュース|名古屋グランパス公式サイト. 2019-09-23 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  15. ^ "Massimo Ficcadenti Head Coach Notice of Expiration of Contract". nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Kenta Hasegawa Announcement of Appointment of Top Team Head Coach". nagoya-grampus.jp (in Japanese). Nagoya Grampus. 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
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