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2022 G20 Bali summit

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The 2022 G20 Bali summit (Indonesian: Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi G20 Bali 2022) was the seventeenth meeting of Group of Twenty (G20), a Head of State and Government meeting held in Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia. It was the first G20 summit hosted by Indonesia.[4]

2022 G20 Bali summit
17th G20 Summit
← 16th 15–16 November 2022[1] 18th →
G20 Summit in The Apurva Kempinski Bali
Host country Indonesia
MottoRecover Together, Recover Stronger
(Indonesian: Pulih Bersama, Bangkit Perkasa)[2]
Venue(s)The Apurva Kempinski Hotel[3]
CitiesNusa Dua, Badung Regency, Bali
ParticipantsG20 members
Invited States:
Cambodia, Fiji, Netherlands, Rwanda, Senegal, Singapore, Spain, Suriname, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates
International bodies:
FIFA, World Bank, OECD, United Nations, IMF, WTO, ILO, IOC, WHO, World Economic Forum, Islamic Development Bank, Asian Development Bank
ChairJoko Widodo

Indonesia's presidency began on 1 December 2021, leading up to the summit in the fourth quarter of 2022. The presidency handover ceremony was held as an intimate event, in which the G20 presidency gavel was transferred from Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi to Indonesian president Joko Widodo at the close of the Rome summit. Preceding the G20 Leaders Summit, a youth engagement group of the G20, Youth20 (Y20) held its Y20 Indonesia 2022 Summit in Jakarta and Bandung in July 2022.

Background

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Initially, Indonesia was slated to host the G20 Summit in 2023. However, as Indonesia was also slated to hold the Chairmanship of ASEAN in 2023, India which was slated to hold the summit in 2022 agreed to exchange presidency timings with Indonesia. "Indonesia will hold the G20 Presidency in DEC 2022 while India will hold the Presidency a year after", said Retno.[4] Indonesia's presidency commenced on 1 December 2021, following the transfer of presidency from Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi to Indonesian president Joko Widodo at the closing of the Rome summit.[5]

Preparations

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The Indonesian government budgeted Rp 674 billion (~USD 45 million) for the G20 events.[6] For the event's security, the Indonesian government deployed around 10,000 police officers and 18,000 soldiers, including 6,000 soldiers from Kodam IX/Udayana headquartered in Bali.[7] Shortly before, during, and after the summit, flights to Bali's I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport became restricted, with limited operating hours for commercial aircraft and a ban against commercial aircraft staying overnight. Some flights are redirected to nearby airports in Surabaya, Lombok, and Makassar.[8]

Venue

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy of the tourism-dependent Bali had been devastated, with the G20 summit event being seen as an opportunity to boost tourism to the island to pre-pandemic levels.[9] The main venue of the summit is at The Apurva Kempinski Bali resort in Nusa Dua, Badung Regency.[10] Other venues that also took part of the G20 summit were the Bali International Convention Center for the media center,[11] the Sofitel Bali Nusa Dua Beach Resort for the Spouse Program,[12] Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park for a mangrove planting session[13] and Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park for the gala dinner as well as the traditional performances.[14]

Issues

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Russia and Ukraine

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Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, some countries called for Russian president Vladimir Putin to be excluded from the G20. In March 2022, Polish economic development minister Piotr Nowak said that he had presented a proposal to exclude Russia in meetings with the United States,[15] which United States president Joe Biden subsequently indicated support for.[16] China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Wang Wenbin rejected these calls, saying that no member had the right to remove another country as member.[17] Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said the group should "re-evaluate" Russia's participation.[18] The Indonesian government initially attempted to keep the Russian invasion of Ukraine off of the meeting's agenda. Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi said her country's government would consider the views and suggestions of other members but that summit is meant to focus on pandemic and economic recovery.[19]

In April 2022, United States Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen said she will not participate in sessions at the Bali summit which include Russian delegates.[20][21] At the 2nd Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting several weeks later, various finance officials including Yellen, President of the European Central Bank Christine Lagarde, Canadian Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland, and Ukrainian Finance Minister Serhiy Marchenko walked out when a Russian delegate began to speak at the event.[20][22] At a press conference several days later, Freeland said that Canada wanted Russia removed from G20, and that Canadian delegates would not take part in meetings that included Russia.[23] She said the removal of Russia was a significant topic of conversation among the delegates at the meetings, though there was not unanimity that Russia should be removed.[23]

Indonesia's President Joko Widodo in April invited President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, to the conference, while Putin confirmed in a phone call with Widodo that he would also attend the conference.[24] Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese indicated that he would attend the conference regardless of Russia's presence.[25] Trudeau also stated that Canada would still attend the conference if Putin were to attend.[26] Following the 2022 G7 summit, German chancellor Olaf Scholz noted that the G7 leaders "did not want to drive G20 apart", and European Commission head Ursula von der Leyen noted that she would not oppose attending the conference with Putin. Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni claimed she would be attending.

On 10 November 2022, the Russian embassy in Jakarta confirmed that Putin would skip the G20 summit, with Foreign Affairs Minister Sergey Lavrov instead attending in his place.[27][28]

Outcome

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Russia-Ukrainian War

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Emergency meeting on 16 November 2022.

During the summit, US President Joe Biden said that he and Chinese leader Xi Jinping jointly agreed that Russia should not use nuclear weapons in Ukraine[29] while Chinese state media outlet Xinhua said that Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov that Moscow's position of eschewing nuclear warfare showed the country's "rational" and "responsible" attitude.[30] Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the meeting virtually, referring to it as the "G19" in a snub against Russia.[31] The Washington Post reported that China along with Russia opposed the usage of the word "war" to describe Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its inclusion into the text of the G20's final communiqué.[32] The joint declaration eventually included a statement that "most members" condemned Russia's invasion, although also acknowledging "that there were other views and different assessments of the situation".[33]

Due to the 2022 missile explosion in Poland, the summit's schedule was briefly interrupted on the second day as G7 and some NATO leaders in the summit held an emergency meeting. Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov had left the summit late in the first day, prior to the incident. Many of the G20 leaders also declined to be photographed along with Lavrov or a Russian delegation, resulting in the lack of a G20 "family photo" in 2022.[34] During a speech at the summit, Zelenskyy proposed a 10-point peace plan, which demanded Russia "withdraw all its troops and armed formations from the territory of Ukraine".[35]

US–China relations

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United States President Joe Biden met with Chinese President Xi Jinping on 14 November 2022. It was the first time they met in person since Biden became president.

In the lead up to the conference, US officials had contacted their Chinese counterparts in order to arrange a meeting between Biden and Xi, and the meeting between the two occurred on 14 November, taking three hours. The meeting was designated to help restore relations and communication between the two countries, which had deteriorated following the 2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan.[36] Biden later declared that there would not be a "new Cold War" between the US and China.[37] although the two leaders did not declare an agreement on the Taiwan question.[29]

China-Canada relations

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Chinese President Xi Jinping and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau engaged in a heated exchange at the G20 summit in Indonesia, captured by the media pool. Xi expressed frustration over leaked details of a previous meeting, deeming it inappropriate and questioning Trudeau's sincerity. The incident highlighted the strained relationship between the leaders, fueled by Canada's concerns over China's interference activities. Trudeau emphasized the importance of constructive engagement while standing firm on Canadian values during a subsequent media address. The confrontation underscores geopolitical tensions and the challenges of balancing diplomatic dialogue with human rights advocacy.[38]

Indonesian decarbonisation

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The G7 countries, EU, Denmark and Norway announced a 20 billion US-dollar deal to decarbonise Indonesia's coal-powered economy, the so-called Indonesia Just Energy Transition Partnership.[39]

Participating leaders

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Participating invited guests

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Absent guests

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Prime Minister of Cambodia, as well as 2022 Chairperson of Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Hun Sen cancelled his attendance and returned to Cambodia before the start of the summit because he was tested positive for COVID-19.[44]

Participating international organization guests

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References

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  1. ^ "Presiden Jokowi Tinjau Kesiapan GWK Cultural Park untuk KTT G20". Sekretariat Presiden Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  2. ^ Tambun, Lenny Tristia (14 September 2021). "Logo Presidensi G20 Indonesia Perpaduan Gunungan Wayang dan Corak Batik Kawung". Berita Satu. Retrieved 4 November 2021.
  3. ^ "KTT G20 Bali: Jokowi Pagi Ini Sambut 17 Kepala Negara di Apurva Kempinski". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). 15 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Indonesia to Host G20 Summit in 2022". Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  5. ^ Bramasta, Dandy Bayu (3 December 2021). "Indonesia Negara Berkembang Pertama Jadi Tuan Rumah G20, Apa Dampaknya?". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  6. ^ Pratama, Wibi Pangestu (20 October 2022). "Anggaran G20 Tembus Rp674 Miliar, Berapa Manfaatnya untuk Perekonomian?". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  7. ^ Alaydrus, Hadijah; kusumo, rahajeng (9 November 2022). "KTT G20 Bali Bakal Dijaga 9.700 Polisi & 18.000 TNI". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  8. ^ "Bali to Restrict Flights ahead of G20 Summit". Jakarta Globe. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  9. ^ Yuniar, Resty Woro (7 July 2022). "As G20 set to meet with Russia and China on its mind, Bali hopes for tourism boost". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  10. ^ Ariani, Fenty Lilian, ed. (8 November 2022). "Profil The Apurva Kempinski, Lokasi Utama KTT G20 di Bali, Harga Mulai Rp 5 Jutaan Per Malam". Tribun Bali (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  11. ^ Pristiandaru, Danur Lambang (14 November 2022). Adhi, Irawan Sapto (ed.). "Menengok Situasi Media Center KTT G20 di Nusa Dua Bali..." KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  12. ^ Assegaf, Fardah, ed. (15 November 2022). "First Lady invites G20 leaders' spouses to witness local wisdom". Antara News (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 November 2022.
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  17. ^ Oshin, Olafimihan (23 March 2022). "China pushes back on suggestions Russia should be barred from G20". The Hill. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  18. ^ Boisvert, Nick (31 March 2022). "Trudeau calls on G20 to reconsider Russia's seat at the table". CBC News. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
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  20. ^ a b Liptak, Kevin; Fossum, Sam (20 April 2022). "US Treasury secretary and other finance ministers walk out of G20 meeting with Russia". CNN. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
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  22. ^ Raycraft, Richard (20 April 2022). "Freeland joins finance leaders in G20 walkout over Russian invasion of Ukraine". CBC News. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  23. ^ a b Press, Jordan (22 April 2022). "Freeland says Russia should be booted from G20, but no movement yet". National Post. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  24. ^ a b "Zelenskyy, Putin invited to G20 summit: Jokowi". CNA. 29 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  25. ^ McLeod, Catie (6 June 2022). "Albanese confirms he will attend G20 even if Russian President Vladimir Putin is there". news.com.au. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  26. ^ "Canada to attend G20 summit even if Putin goes: Trudeau". France 24. 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  27. ^ "Putin will not go to G20 summit in Bali". Agence France-Presse. 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022 – via The Manila Times.
  28. ^ Fadhil, Haris (10 November 2022). "KTT G20 Bali Tanpa Putin dan Zelensky". detiknews (in Indonesian). Jakarta: detikcom. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  29. ^ a b Kim, Seung Min; Miller, Zeke (15 November 2022). "Biden, Xi clash on Taiwan but aim to 'manage' differences". AP News.
  30. ^ "China praises Russia's opposition to nuclear war at G20 summit". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022.
  31. ^ Wong, Tessa (15 November 2022). "Ukraine: Zelensky snubs Russia as he addresses 'G19' at G20". BBC News. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  32. ^ Shepherd, Christian; Rauhala, Emily; Tan, Rebecca (15 November 2022). "In G-20 talks, China objects to calling Russian invasion of Ukraine a 'war'". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022.
  33. ^ "G20 leaders 'deplore' Russia's war in joint declaration". DW. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  34. ^ Barker, Anne; Doran, Matthew (16 November 2022). "The one man no-one wanted to stand next to during the G20 family photo left the summit early". ABC News. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
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  36. ^ Restuccia, Andrew; Thomas, Ken; Wong, Chun Han; Zhai, Keith (15 November 2022). "Biden-Xi Talks Mark Shift in U.S.-China Ties Toward Managing Fierce Competition". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  37. ^ Wong, Tessa (14 November 2022). "Xi Biden meeting: US leader promises 'no new Cold War' with China". BBC News. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
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  39. ^ "Press corner". European Commission – European Commission. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  40. ^ a b Widya Puspa, Anitana (14 November 2022). "Ini Daftar Kepala Negara yang Sudah Mendarat di G20 Bali". Bisnis.com. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
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  42. ^ Auto, Hermes (25 January 2022). "Singapore honoured to be invited to this year's G-20 summit in Bali: PM Lee". Straits Times. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  43. ^ J, Rangga; T, Kenzu (4 November 2021). "Jokowi invites Prince Mohammed Bin Zayed to G20 summit in Bali". Antaranews. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
  44. ^ Difa Pramudyani, Yashinta (15 November 2022). Wahyudono, Hernawan (ed.). "PM Kamboja Hun Sen positif COVID-19, batal hadiri KTT G20". Antara Sultra (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 November 2022.
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  49. ^ "IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva Remarks at the G20 Leaders' Summit".
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  52. ^ Andarningtyas, Natisha (14 November 2022). Pasaribu, Alviansyah (ed.). "Sekjen PBB dan Direktur Pelaksana IMF tiba di Bali untuk KTT G20". Antaranews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 November 2022.
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