Flap (distributed in Britain as The Last Warrior) is a 1970 American Western film directed by Carol Reed and starring Anthony Quinn, Claude Akins and Shelley Winters.[1] Set in a modern Native American reservation, it is an adaptation of the novel Nobody Loves a Drunken Indian by Clair Huffaker.[2]
| Flap | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Warner Archive Collection DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Carol Reed |
| Screenplay by | Clair Huffaker |
| Based on | Nobody Loves a Drunken Indian by Clair Huffaker |
| Produced by | Jerry Adler (1929-1993) |
| Starring | Anthony Quinn Claude Akins Tony Bill Shelley Winters Victor Jory |
| Cinematography | Fred J. Koenekamp, A.S.C. |
| Edited by | Frank Bracht, A.C.E. |
| Music by | Marvin Hamlisch |
Production company | Cine Vesta Associates |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. Inc. |
Release date |
|
Running time | 106 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
Plot
editFlapping Eagle lives on an Indian reservation in the southwestern United States. He drinks too much, one of many sources of disagreement between Flap and his sweetheart, Dorothy Bluebell. He also has on-going trouble with Sgt. Rafferty, a police officer in the city, who is brutal and seemingly bigoted (although criticized late in the story by Flap for being, as Flap puts it, only "half Indian").
Flap supports himself by making deliveries with an old pickup and help from his buddies. Spillage of a box of "Indian dolls" intended for sale as tourist souvenirs results in a ticket from Rafferty leading to the introduction of Flap's lawyer, Wounded Bear Mr. Smith. Rather than law books, Wounded Bear's office is filled with ridiculous stacks of parchments, eventually shown to represent the many treaty promises made to the tribe. Such treaties inform Wounded Bear's counsel to Flap in the incidents that follow.
Flap stumbles into activism, first disrupting a construction crew blasting and building a highway through Indian land (Interstate 25 was being completed through the location's pueblos at that time) and accidentally destroying the crew's brand new front loader, then stealing a train after Wounded Bear leads him to believe the train would become legal Indian property once it is "abandoned" in their territory.
Rafferty is violently beaten by Flap after a series of insults and abuses and the last straw, the shooting of a dog belonging to a poor, pitifully lonely, old Indian. Now a fugitive-cum-Indian activist whose protests have gained him publicity and popularity, again under counsel of a treaty that in this case suggests that unwarranted police action against him has reverted the city back to the tribe, Flap leads a march into the city to establish their claim. From a hospital window, Rafferty aims a handgun and assassinates him.
Cast
edit- Anthony Quinn - Flapping Eagle
- Claude Akins - Lobo
- Tony Bill - Eleven Snowflake
- Shelley Winters - Dorothy Bluebell
- Victor Jory - Wounded Bear Mr. Smith
- Don Collier - Mike Lyons
- Victor French - Rafferty
- Rodolfo Acosta - Storekeep
- Susana Miranda - Ann Looking Deer
- Anthony Caruso - Silver Dollar
- William Mims - Steve Gray
- Rudy Diaz - Larry Standing Elk
- Pedro Regas - She'll-Be-Back-Pretty-Soon
- John War Eagle - Luke Wolf
- J. Edward McKinley - Harris
- Robert Cleaves - Gus Kirk
Production
editIntending to avoid cinema stereotypes of Native Americans, producer Jerry Adler hired Sir Carol Reed because the British director had not had exposure to the clichéd portrayal of American Indians in American Westerns.[3]
Richard Harris (A Man Called Horse, 1970) was originally cast as Flapping Eagle, but withdrew from the production over creative differences, and was replaced by Anthony Quinn. Himself part Mexican-Indian, "Hollywood's favorite Indian warrior",[4] Quinn had made several stereotypical Old West American Indian portrayals, including Crazy Horse in They Died with Their Boots On, a Cheyenne Indian in The Plainsman, and a fictional portrayal of Chief Yellow Hand in Buffalo Bill.
The role of Flapping Eagle was directed with American patriotic elements to communicate that the character did not hold total animosity towards the United States and was in fact a dutiful citizen; the character had been a decorated sergeant in the United States Army and wore a hat and shirt for the New York Yankees as well as a sea jacket (author Clair Huffaker was a US Navy veteran of WWII). The portrayal of Flapping Eagle as a heavy drinking veteran hero of WWII invited comparison to Ira Hayes. When wearing his full U.S. Army dress uniform in the final scenes, Flap also wore a coup feather, such as was awarded to some tribal members upon return from wartime service in the U.S. Military.
The movie was filmed in 1969[5] on locations in Albuquerque, Madrid, Puye Cliffs (Santa Clara Pueblo), Santa Fe, and Santo Domingo Pueblo.[6]
After completion, concerned about reception, Warner Brothers kept the movie on the shelf for 18 months before general release. The November following production, 89 American Indians and their supporters occupied Alcatraz Island. Quinn was among the several celebrities who visited the Occupation.[7] After this, the movie was promoted in connection and the Occupation, with posters proclaiming "The Indians have already claimed Alcatraz."
The film production drew protests, given the original title was Nobody Loves a Drunken Indian, particularly from local Indians when the production was on location in and near pueblo reservations.[3] The name was changed to Nobody Loves Flapping Eagle before later being shortened after filming to Flap.[8]
Release
editThe movie was given a special premiere on November 19, 1970 in the Cinema East Theater of Albuquerque with Anthony Quinn making a personal appearance. Admission was $100 per seat with all proceeds establishing a $75,000 creative arts scholarship fund for Native American students.[5]
Reception
editReception of the film varied; on one hand the film was praised for illuminating the plight of Indians in America, while Anthony Quinn's bumbling caricature (including a few of his signature dance steps from Zorba the Greek) drew criticism, inviting comparisons to his previous ethnic characters, e.g., a "Zorba the Navajo".[9] A group of Native Americans who were surveyed about the film in the Democrat and Chronicle newspaper of Rochester, New York said that "this picture made a joke of Indian rights. We don't mind a laugh at ourselves but this picture made us look like idiots."[4]
Music
editThe song "If Nobody Loves" was written by Marvin Hamlisch with lyrics by Estelle Levitt. It is performed by Kenny Rogers & The First Edition.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ BFI.org
- ^ Evans p.185
- ^ a b Hollywood (AP) (September 6, 1970). "Indian Power Felt Among Moviemakers". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida: 16E. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
The "Flap" cast is predominantly Native American, albeit not all full-blooded. Quinn, for instance, is part Mexican Indian. TO FURTHER AVOID cliches, Adler hired British director Sir Carol Reed to guide the film. "He had no preformed concepts of Indians because he hadn't had the exposure to American Westerns," says Adler.
- ^ a b Jim Hoyle (April 25, 1971). "Hollywood's Indian Massacre". Democrat and Chronicle. Rochester, New York: 127. Retrieved December 12, 2023.
Hollywood's favorite Indian warrior, Anthony Quinn, signals the attack ... This picture made a joke of Indian rights. We don't mind a laugh at ourselves but this picture made us look like idiots.
- ^ a b Jim Hoyle (October 20, 1970). "State Praised, Film Makers Entertained". The Santa Fe New Mexican. Santa Fe: 1. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
Flap was filmed in New Mexico last year at several locations, including the Santa Clara and Santo Domingo Indian pueblos
- ^ "Filmed in New Mexico". the Public Library, Albuquerque and Bernadillo County. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
- ^ Peter Fimrite (November 19, 1999). "Occupation Of Alcatraz / 30-year anniversary of Indian coup". SFGATE.
Actors Anthony Quinn and Jane Fonda were among several celebrities who took trips to Alcatraz in support of the Indians.
- ^ "Now It's Just 'Flap'". Variety. June 10, 1970. p. 3. Retrieved April 17, 2024 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Michael J. Brathwaite (1981), The American Indian in the American Film, Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in American Studies in the University of Canterbury (PDF),
Anthony Quinn is not too bad in the pivotal role of Flapping Eagle, but he is becoming a one-man UN gallery of irrepressible minority heroes. In one scene he even does a few steps of the little dance that has become his stock in trade since Zorba the Greek; at that point we know we're watching not a real Indian, but another of Quinn's ethnic star-turns on behalf of the Life Force.
Bibliography
edit- Evans, Peter William. Carol Reed. Manchester University Press, 2005.
External links
edit- Characters at the switch in Kewa Pueblo, Placer Mountain in the background right.
- Flap at IMDb
- Flap at the AFI Catalog of Feature Films
- Flap at the TCM Movie Database
- ‹The template AllMovie title is being considered for deletion.› Flap at AllMovie
- Flap at Rotten Tomatoes
- Flap at TV Guide (revised form of this 1987 write-up was originally published in The Motion Picture Guide)