The Mureș (Romanian: [ˈmureʃ]) or Maros (IPA: [ˈmɒroʃ]; German: Mieresch, Serbian: Мориш, romanized: Moriš) is a 789-kilometre-long (490 mi) river in Eastern Europe. Its drainage basin covers an area of 30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi).[3]: 22 It originates in the Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Romania, rising close to the headwaters of the river Olt, and joins the Tisza at Szeged in southeastern Hungary. In Romania, its length is 761 km (473 mi) and its basin size is 27,890 km2 (10,770 sq mi).[4]
| Mureș/Maros | |
|---|---|
 The Mureș in Arad | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Romania and Hungary |
| Cities | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Carpathian Mountains |
| • location | Izvorul Mureșului, Harghita County, Romania |
| • coordinates | 46°36′55″N 25°37′2″E / 46.61528°N 25.61722°E |
| • elevation | 850 m (2,790 ft) |
| Mouth | Tisza |
• location | Szeged, Csongrád County, Hungary |
• coordinates | 46°15′6″N 20°11′39″E / 46.25167°N 20.19417°E |
• elevation | 75 m (246 ft) |
| Length | 789 km (490 mi) |
| Basin size | 30,332 km2 (11,711 sq mi) 30,190.1 km2 (11,656.5 sq mi)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Makó |
| • average | 184 m3/s (6,500 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Szeged (near mouth) |
| • average | 188.895 m3/s (6,670.8 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Tisza→ Danube→ Black Sea |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Târnava, Sebeș, Strei |
| • right | Arieș |
The Mureș River flows through the Romanian counties Harghita, Mureș, Alba, Hunedoara, Arad and Timiș, and the Hungarian county Csongrád. The largest cities on the Mureș/Maros are Târgu Mureș, Alba Iulia, Deva and Arad in Romania as well as Makó and Szeged in Hungary.
The Hungarian reaches of the Mureș/Maros are 73 km (45 mi) long as the state border. Some 28.5 km2 (11.0 sq mi) on the northern side of the river are protected as part of the Körös-Maros National Park. The Maros Floodplain Protected Area consists of gallery forests, floodplain meadows and 0.6 km2 (0.23 sq mi) of forest reserve near Szeged.
Salt used to be traded in medieval times on the river on large rafts.
Name
editThe river is known to be first mentioned by Herodotus in 485 BC bearing the name Maris (Μάρις).[5] Strabo calls it Marisos (Μάρισος).[6] It was known in Latin as the Marisus; the Mureș is also mentioned, as Morisis (Μορήσης), in a document of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, in 948 AD.[7][8]
It was also known in German variously as the Mieresch, Marosch or Muresch, owing to Transylvanian Saxon settlements and prior Habsburg rule. It was known in Turkish as the Maroş or Muriş under the Ottomans.
Towns and villages
editThe following towns are situated along the river Mureș, from source to mouth: Toplița, Reghin, Târgu Mureș, Luduș, Ocna Mureș, Aiud, Teiuș, Alba Iulia, Geoagiu, Orăștie, Simeria, Deva, Lipova, Arad, Nădlac (all in Romania), Makó, Szeged (both in Hungary).
The Mureș flows through the following communes (grouped by counties, from source to mouth):
- Harghita County: Voșlăbeni, Suseni, Joseni, Remetea, Subcetate, Sărmaș, Gălăuțaș, Toplița
- Mureș County: Stânceni, Lunca Bradului, Răstolița, Deda, Rușii-Munți, Aluniș, Brâncovenești, Ideciu de Jos, Suseni, Reghin, Petelea, Gornești, Glodeni, Ernei, Sântana de Mureș, Sângeorgiu de Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Sâncraiu de Mureș, Cristești, Pănet, Ungheni, Sânpaul, Iernut, Cuci, Bogata, Luduș, Chețani
- Alba County: Noșlac, Lunca Mureșului, Ocna Mureș, Unirea, Mirăslău, Aiud, Rădești, Teiuș, Sântimbru, Ciugud, Alba Iulia, Vințu de Jos, Blandiana, Săliștea, Șibot
- Hunedoara County: Geoagiu, Orăștie, Turdaș, Rapoltu Mare, Simeria, Hărău, Deva, Șoimuș, Vețel, Brănișca, Ilia, Gurasada, Dobra, Burjuc, Zam
- Arad County: Petriș, Săvârșin, Birchiș, Vărădia de Mureș, Bata, Bârzava, Conop, Ususău, Lipova, Păuliș, Frumușeni, Fântânele, Vladimirescu, Arad, Zădăreni, Felnac, Pecica, Secusigiu, Semlac, Șeitin, Nădlac
- Timiș County: Periam, Sânpetru Mare, Sânnicolau Mare, Cenad
- Csongrád County: Nagylak, Magyarcsanád, Apátfalva, Makó, Kiszombor, Ferencszállás, Maroslele, Klárafalva, Deszk, Szeged
Tributaries
editThe following rivers are tributaries to the river Mureș (from source to mouth):[4]
Left: Cărbunele Negru, Senetea, Fierăstrăul, Șumuleul Mare, Borzontul Mare, Borzontul Mic, Pietrosul, Bacta, Limbuș, Piatra, Eseniu, Martonca, Calnaci, Muscă, Gălăuțaș, Zăpodea, Măgheruș, Mărșinețul de Sus, Gudea Mare, Sălard, Iod, Borzia, Sebeș, Fițcău, Idicel, Deleni, Gurghiu, Mocear, Beica, Habic, Petrilaca, Valea cu Nuci, Terebici, Pocloș, Budiu, Niraj, Pârâul Mare, Lăscud, Sărata, Șeulia, Valea Luncilor, Ațintiș, Găbud, Fărău, Ciunga, Pusta Băgăului, Rât, Târnava, Hăpria, Sebeș, Pianul, Cioara, Cugir, Vaidei, Romos, Orăștie, Turdaș, Strei, Tâmpa, Cerna, Herepeia, Căoi, Vulcez, Leșnic, Săcămaș, Plai, Dobra, Abucea, Valea Mare, Sălciva, Peștiș, Căpriorișca, Somonița, Birchiș, Izvor, Corbul, Fiac, Suliniș, Lalașinț, Chelmac, Pârâul Mare, Șiștarovăț, Țârnobara, Sinicoț, Valea Fânețelor de Jos, Zădărlac, and Zădăreni
Right: Chindeni, Arinul Scurt, Chirtoegher, Strâmba, Pârâul Noroios, Belcina, Lăzarea, Ghiduț, Ditrău, Faier, Jolotca, Filipea, Sărmaș, Ciucic, Toplița, Călimănel, Mermezeu, Zebrac, Neagra, Ilva, Obcina Ferigelor (Fântânel), Răstolița, Gălăoaia, Bistra, Pietriș, Dumbrava, Râpa, Agriș, Lueriu, Luț, Șar, Voiniceni, Cuieșd, Valea Fânațelor, Șăușa, Valea din Jos, Lechința, Ranta, Pârâul de Câmpie, Grindeni, Arieș, Unirea, Ciugud, Ormeniș, Mirăslău, Lopadea, Aiud, Gârbova, Geoagiu (Alba), Galda, Ampoi, Pâclișa, Valea Vințului, Blandiana, Stânișoara, Băcăinți, Homorod, Geoagiu (Hunedoara), Boiul, Bobâlna, Valea lui Sânpetru, Lazu, Vărmaga, Certej, Boholt, Căian, Bejan, Boz, Sârbi, Băcișoara, Gurasada, Zam, Almaș, Petriș, Crăciuneasca, Troaș, Vinești, Stejar, Julița, Valea Mare, Grosul, Monoroștia, Bârzava, Nadăș, Conop, Cornic, Milova, Jernova, Șoimoș, Radna, Cladova, Crac, and Száraz-ér
Images
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Rivers Network". 2020.
- ^ "Rivers Network". 2020.
- ^ Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007, IPCDR
- ^ a b Atlasul cadastrului apelor din România. Partea 1 (in Romanian). Bucharest: Ministerul Mediului. 1992. pp. 133–191. OCLC 895459847. River code: IV.1
- ^ Hdt. 4.49
- ^ Str. 7.3.13
- ^ Porphyrogenitus, Constantine VII (1967). De Administrando Imperio [De Administrando Imperio] (in English and Greek). Translated by Moravcsik, Gyula; R. J. H. Jenkins. Washington, District of Columbia: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 40–41.
- ^ Béla Köpeczi, History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606.
