Einsatzkommando Egypt (German: Einsatzkommando Ägypten) was the name assigned to an SS unit led by SS-Obersturmbannführer Walther Rauff, which was formed in occupied Greece during World War II awaiting deployment to North Africa, once the Afrika Korps had conquered Egypt and moved into Mandatory Palestine.[1] Einsatzkommandos ("deployment commandos") were paramilitary death squads that operated within German occupied territories.
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Historians Klaus-Michael Mallmann and Martin Cüppers, based on archival research, state that the unit's purpose was to carry out a mass killing of the Jewish populations in Mandatory Palestine and Egypt.[2] The researchers state that the unit's objective was to go there in order to enact systematic mass murder of Jews.[3] Given its small staff of only 24 men, Mallmann and Cüppers theorize the unit would have needed help from local residents and from the Afrika Korps to complete their assignment.[4] On 20 July 1942, Rauff was sent to Tobruk to report to Rommel, Commander of the Afrika Korps. But since Rommel was 500 km away at the First Battle of El Alamein, it is unlikely that the two were able to meet.[4][5]
The plans for Einsatzkommando Egypt were set aside after the Allied victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.[6] According to Mallmann and Cüppers, the history of the Middle East would have been completely different and a Jewish state could never have been established if the Germans and Arabs had joined forces.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Archived copy Archived 2019-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mallmann & Cüppers 2006.
- ^ Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Cüppers, Martin (2006), Jürgen Matthäus, Klaus-Michael Mallmann (Hrsg.) (ed.), "'Beseitigung der jüdisch-nationalen Heimstätte in Palästina.' Das Einsatzkommando bei der Panzerarmee Afrika 1942", Deutsche, Juden, Völkermord. Der Holocaust als Geschichte und Gegenwart, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
- ^ a b Mallmann, Cüppers & Smith 2010.
- ^ Shepherd 2016, p. 357.
- ^ a b Krumenacker 2006.
Bibliography
edit- Benishay, Guitel (4 May 2016). "Le journal de bord du chef SS en Tunisie découvert". LPH info (in French). Création Bereshit Agency. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Cohen, Nir (17 April 2015). "Inside the diary of SS officer known as gas chamber 'mastermind'". Yedioth Internet. Ynetnews. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Shepherd, Ben H. (28 June 2016). Hitler's Soldiers: The German Army in the Third Reich. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507903-6.
- Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Cüppers, Martin; Smith, Krista (2010). Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. New York: Enigma. ISBN 978-1-929631-93-3.
- Krumenacker, Thomas (7 April 2006). "Nazis Planned Holocaust for Palestine: historians". Red Orbit. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Further reading
edit- Miner, Samuel (2016). "Planning the Holocaust in the Middle East: Nazi Designs to Bomb Jewish Cities in Palestine". Jewish Political Studies Review. 27 (3/4): 7–33. ISSN 0792-335X. JSTOR 44510568.
- Mallmann, Klaus-Michael; Cüppers, Martin (2007), "'Elimination of the Jewish National Home in Palestine': The Einsatzkommando of the Panzer Army Africa, 1942", Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–31, ISSN 0084-3296