The Egyptian Judges' Club (Nadi al Quda) was founded in Cairo, Egypt in 1939, primarily as a social club for judges.[1][2] It is not formally registered as a professional association, as that would place it under the jurisdiction of Egypt's Ministry of Social Affairs and limit its independence, an outcome the club's members aim to avoid.[1][2][3] It considers itself and acts as the de facto representative of Egypt's judges, and has a history of speaking out in favor of judicial independence and political democracy.[1][2][3][4]
| Formation | 1939 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Cairo, Egypt |
| Membership | 9,000 |
Chairman | Judge Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen Mansour |
Any member of the Egyptian judiciary and any Egyptian prosecutor can join it. It has over 9,000 members, including over 90% of Egyptian judges.[2][5]
History
editIn the late 1960s, the Judges' Club criticized what it viewed as the disregard by the government of Egyptian President Gamel Abdel Nasser for the law.[1] In August 1969, the Nasser government dissolved the board of the Judges' Club, announced that the president would appoint its officers, and dismissed over 200 judges in what the judiciary called the "Massacre of the Judges".[1][2][6]
Subsequently, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat re-appointed the dismissed judges in 1973, and two years later the Judges' Club re-attained its autonomy.[1] In the late 1970s, the Judges Club' issued statements in support of human rights improvements in Egypt, and greater respect by the government for the rule of law.[1]
The 2012 Egyptian protests
editOn 22 November 2012, President Mohamed Morsi issued a decree that immunised his actions from any legal sanction.[7] This and other concurrent acts led to the 2012 Egyptian protests, and the Judges Club called for a strike.[8] In December 2012, Egyptian Prosecutor General Talaat Ibrahim Abdallah filed a complaint charging Judges Club head Ahmed al-Zend and leading opposition figures with espionage and inciting to overthrow the government.[9][10]
Later in December 2012, when President Morsi called for a referendum to be held over the objections of protesters on a 2012 Draft Constitution of Egypt, al-Zend indicated that the Judges Club refused to supervise the referendum, saying:
More than 90 per cent of judges clubs all over Egypt will refrain from the supervision process ... Judges have always been at the forefront whenever we are called to perform any patriotic mission, however, this time it’s different. Most judges are refraining from monitoring the referendum because they have sensed severe violation of their authority as well as their independence.[11]
On December 24, Al-Zind was attacked by around a dozen people who threw rocks at him as he left the club’s headquarters in downtown Cairo, injuring him and sending him to the hospital.[12][13]
Leadership
editAs of 2012, the Chairman of the Club was Judge Ahmed Zend.[14]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Bruce K. Rutherford (2008). Egypt after Mubarak: Liberalism, Islam, and Democracy in the Arab World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400837861. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Nathalie Bernard-Maugiron (2008). Judges and Political Reform in Egypt. American Univ in Cairo Press. ISBN 9789774162015. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ a b Mahmoud Hamad. When the Gavel Speaks: Judicial Politics in Modern Egypt. ISBN 9780549717614. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Global Corruption Report 2007: Corruption in Judicial Systems. 2007. ISBN 9781139465441. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Hopkins, Nicholas S. (2009). احتجاج السياسي والاجتماعي في مصر: Summer/Fall 2006. ISBN 9789774162008. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Abdallah Shalaby; Salah al-Din al-Jurshi; Mostafa El-Nabarawy; Moheb Zaki; Qays Jawad Azzawi; Antoine Nasri Messarra (2010). Towards a Better Life: How to Improve the State of Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa. ISBN 9786054233212. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David (November 22, 2012). "Egyptian Judges Challenge Morsi Over New Power". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
- ^ "Morsi faces judicial revolt over decree". Usa.chinadaily.com.cn. November 26, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "ElBaradei, Sabbahi and others to be investigated for 'espionage'". Egypt Independent. November 23, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "Leading opposition figures accused of espionage". Daily News Egypt. December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "To-monitor-or-not - Al-Ahram Weekly". Weekly.ahram.org.eg. November 28, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "StackPath". 24 December 2012.
- ^ "Head of Egypt's Judges Club assaulted, injured - Politics - Egypt".
- ^ David D. Kirkpatrick. "Egyptian judges' group refuses to monitor referendum Saturday on draft constitution". The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 12, 2012.