Duke of Schleswig

The following is a list of jarls and dukes, who ruled over Schleswig respectively Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland).

First jarls/dukes

House of Estridsen (1080–1375)

Ruler	Born	Reign	Ruling part	Consort	Death	Notes
Olaf I Hunger	c.1050 Son of Sweyn II of Denmark	1080 – 18 August 1095	Duchy of Schleswig	Ingegerd of Norway c.1070 one child	18 August 1095 aged 44-45	Jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark.
Direct rule by Denmark (1095-1115)
Canute I Lavard	12 March 1096 Son of Eric I of Denmark and Boedil Thurgotsdatter	1115 – 7 January 1131	Duchy of Schleswig	Ingeborg of Kiev 1116 four children	7 January 1131 Ringsted aged 34	Titled dux Daciae^[1] (i.e. Duke of Denmark)
Magnus I	c.1106 First son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter	7 January 1131 – 4 June 1134	Duchy of Schleswig	Richeza of Poland c.1127 two children	4 June 1134 Battle of Fotevik aged 27-28	Also King of Sweden.
Direct rule by Denmark (1134-1150)
Valdemar I	14 January 1131 Schleswig Son of Canute I Lavard and Ingeborg of Kiev	1150–1157 1173 – 12 May 1182^[2]	Duchy of Schleswig	Sophia of Minsk c.1144 Viborg Cathedral eight children	12 May 1182 Vordingborg aged 51	At least between 1152 and 1154, he was titled dux Daciae^[3] (i.e. Duke of Denmark), possibly referring to exclusive possession of the duchy of Schleswig, opposing to the shared dominion in Denmark.
Canute II	c.1110 Third son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter	1157 – 12 March 1162	Duchy of Schleswig	Unmarried	12 March 1162 aged 51-52
Boris	c.1110 Fourth son of Prince Henry of Denmark and Ingrid Ragnvaldsdotter	12 March 1162 – 1167	Duchy of Schleswig	Unmarried	1167 aged 56-57
Christopher	1150 Illegitimate son of Valdemar I	1167 – 1173	Duchy of Schleswig	Unmarried	1173 aged 22-23
Direct rule by Denmark (1173-1183)
Valdemar II the Victorious	9 May 1170 Ribe Son of Valdemar I and Sophia of Minsk	1183–1232	Duchy of Schleswig	Dagmar of Bohemia 1205 one son Berengaria of Portugal 1214 four children	28 March 1241 Vordingborg aged 70	Titled dux slesvicensis^[4] (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202. He associated his elder children to the government.
Valdemar (III) the Young	c.1209 Son of Valdemar II and Dagmar of Bohemia	1209–1218		Eleanor of Portugal 24 June 1229 Ribe Cathedral one child	28 November 1231 Refsnæs, near Kalundborg aged 21-22
Eric (I) Ploughpenny	c.1216 First son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal	1218–1232		Jutta of Saxony 17 November 1239 six children	9 August 1250 near Gottorf Castle aged 33-34
Abel I	c.1218 Second son of Valdemar II and Berengaria of Portugal	1232 – 29 June 1252	Duchy of Schleswig	Matilda of Holstein 25 April 1237 Schleswig Cathedral four children	29 June 1252 Eiderstedt aged 33-34	Supported by the counts of Holstein, he became the first ruler of what can be considered a semi-independent Schleswig. Also king of Denmark from 1250.
Valdemar III	c.1238 First son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein	29 June 1252 – 1257	Duchy of Schleswig	Unmarried	c.1257 aged 18-19
Eric I	c.1242 Second son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein	1257^[5] – 27 May 1272	Duchy of Schleswig	Margaret of Rugen 1259 or 1260 three children	27 May 1272 aged 29-30	Brothers of Valdemar III, divided their inheritance.
Abel II	1252 Third son of Abel and Matilda of Holstein	1257 – 2 April 1279	Duchy of Schleswig (at Langeland)	A daughter of Gunzelin III, Count of Schwerin no children	2 April 1279 aged 26-27	Brothers of Valdemar III, divided their inheritance.
Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig
Valdemar IV	c.1265 First son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen	27 May 1272^[6] – 7 July 1312	Duchy of Schleswig	Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg 1287 one child Anastasia of Schwerin 1306 no children	7 July 1312 aged 46-47	Children of Eric I, divided their inheritance in 1293.
Eric Long-Legs	1272 Second son of Eric I and Margaret of Rugen	1293 – 1310	Duchy of Schleswig (at Langeland)	Sophia of Querfurt-Rosenberg no children	1310 aged 37-38	Children of Eric I, divided their inheritance in 1293.
Langeland reabsorbed in Schleswig
Eric II	c.1290 Son of Valdemar IV and Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg	7 July 1312 – 12 March 1325	Duchy of Schleswig	Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg 1313 two children	12 March 1325 aged 34-35
Regency of Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (1325-1326)						Under regency of their uncle, divided their inheritance. In 1326, Valdemar became king of Denmark, while his regent maed himself the Duke of Schleswig. In 1330 Valdemar returned to his position as Duke. In 1340 Helvig married the King of Denmark.
Valdemar V	c.1314 Son of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg	12 March 1325 – 1326 1330–1364	Duchy of Schleswig (at 3/4 of Schleswig)	Richardis of Schwerin c.1329? two children	c.1364
Helvig	1320 Daughter of Eric II and Adelaide of Holstein-Rendsburg	12 March 1325 – 1374	Duchy of Schleswig (at 1/4 of Schleswig)	Valdemar IV of Denmark 1340 Sønderborg Castle six children	1374 Esrum Abbey aged 53-54
3/4 Schleswig briefly annexed to Schauenburg control (1326-1330); 1/4 Schleswig to Denmark
Henry I	c.1342 Son of Valdemar V and Richardis of Schwerin	1364 – August 1375	Duchy of Schleswig (at 3/4 Schleswig)	Kunigunde no children	August 1375 aged 32-33

House of Schauenburg (1325-1459)

Ruler	Born	Reign	Ruling part	Consort	Death	Notes
Gerhard I the Great	1292 Son of Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Heilwig of Bronckhorst	1326 – 1330	Duchy of Schleswig	Sophia of Werle 1315 four children	1 April 1340 Randers aged 47-48	Profited from his regency to decome Duke of Schleswig. Eventually abdicated in 1330.
Schleswig returned to Estridsen domain (1330-75)
Henry II of Iron	1317 First son of Gerhard I and Sophia of Werle	August 1375 – 1384	Duchy of Schleswig	Matilda of Lippe one child Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin before 1374 four children	1384	Nicholas and Henry ruled jointly as sons of Gerhard III. In 1375 they inherited the Duchy of Schleswig from the House of Estridsen. In 1384, with the death of his brother, Nicholas associated his nephews (Gerhard and Albert, sons of Henry) to power. In 1386 he abdicated of Schleswig to his older nephew Gerhard, who assumed alone this lands.
Nicholas I	1321 Second son of Gerhard I and Sophia of Werle	August 1375 – 1386	Duchy of Schleswig	8 May 1397	Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1354 one child
Gerhard II	1367 Son of Henry I and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	1386 – 5 August 1404	Duchy of Schleswig	Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1390 six children	5 August 1404 Dithmarschen aged 36-37	After the abdication of Nicholas in Schleswig, Gerhard took over the duchy, and assumed Holstein-Rendsburg only after the former's death in 1397.
Regency of Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Henry III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (1404–1413)						Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers.
Henry II	1397 First son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg	5 August 1404 – 28 May 1427	Duchy of Schleswig	Unmarried	28 May 1427 Flensburg aged 29-30	Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers.
Adolph	1401 Second son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg	28 May 1427 – 4 December 1459	Duchy of Schleswig	Matilda before 1433 no children Margareta of Mansfeld 1433 no children	4 December 1459 Bad Segeberg aged 57-58	Sons of Gerhard II, ruled jointly in Holstein-Rendsburg. As Gerhard also wanted to rule in Schleswig he claimed (unsuccessfully) this duchy for himself against his brother. Adolph was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time, gaining royal Danish recognition in 1440. After Adolph's death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark.
Gerhard III	1404 Third son of Gerhard II and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg	28 May 1427 – 24 July 1433	Duchy of Schleswig	Agnes of Baden 2 June 1432 Baden ten children	24 July 1433 Emmerich am Rhein aged 28-29
Rendsburg and Schleswig were annexed to Denmark; with the Rendsburg patrimony the Danish formed the Duchy of Holstein

Under domain of Oldenburg

In 1459, after the annexation of both Schleswig and Holstein, Christian I of Denmark created two separate states: the Duchy of Schleswig and Duchy of Holstein, to be ruled by two different branches of the House of Oldenburg over the next few centuries. In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein became an occupied territory of the German Confederation and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

Notes

^ Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5
^ Second rule not as Duke, but as King ruling over Schleswig.
^ "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
^ "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"
^ Christopher I of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1260.
^ Eric V of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1283.

[Albrectsen_2008_p._52-1] Esben Albrectsen, "Das Abel-Geschlecht und die Schauenburger als Herzöge von Schleswig", Marion Hartwig and Frauke Witte (trls.), in: Die Fürsten des Landes: Herzöge und Grafen von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg [De slevigske hertuger; German], Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen (ed.) on behalf of the Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Neumünster: Wachholtz, 2008, pp. 52–71, here p. 52. ISBN 978-3-529-02606-5

[2] Second rule not as Duke, but as King ruling over Schleswig.

[3] "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"

[4] "Albrectsen 2008 p. 52"

[5] Christopher I of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1260.

[6] Eric V of Denmark recognised him as ruler only in 1283.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]