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Tropical cyclones in 2008

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Throughout 2008, 124 tropical cyclones have formed in bodies of water known as tropical cyclone basins. Of these, 83 have been named, by various weather agencies when they attained maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). The strongest storm of the year was Typhoon Jangmi in the Western Pacific Ocean. The deadliest storm of the year was Cyclone Nargis, which caused devastating and castatrophic destruction in Myanmar with 138,373 fatalities. The costliest storm of the year was Hurricane Ike, which wreaked havoc thorough Cuba and Texas, with $38 billion (2008 USD) in damage. Throughout the year, 24 Category 3 tropical cyclones formed, including one Category 5 tropical cyclone in the year. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2008 (seven basins combined), as calculated by Colorado State University was 613.9 units.

Tropical cyclones in 2008
Year summary map
Year boundaries
First system07
FormedJanuary 6, 2008
Last system05U
DissipatedDecember 28, 2008
Strongest system
NameJangmi
Lowest pressure905 mbar (hPa); 26.72 inHg
Longest lasting system
NameHondo
Duration28 days
Year statistics
Total systems124
Named systems83
Total fatalities142,091
Total damage> $70.3 billion (2008 USD)
Related articles
Other years
2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010

Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by a group of ten warning centres, which have been designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization. These are the United States National Hurricane Center (NHC) and Central Pacific Hurricane Center, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France, Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) as well as New Zealand's MetService. Other notable warning centres include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.

Satellite photos of the 24 tropical cyclones worldwide that reached at least Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale during 2008, from Funa in January to Billy in December.
Among them, Jangmi (fourth image in the final row) was the most intense, with a minimum central pressure of 905 hPa.

Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions

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Sea surface temperature anomalies in November 2007, showing La Niña conditions that will continue until February 2008

La Niña conditions often follow El Niño in the cycle known as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). La Niña episodes are marked by stronger-than-normal easterly trade winds and below-normal sea surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. These changes in ocean temperature and atmospheric circulation have worldwide implications for weather patterns. La Niña conditions appeared in February 2007 and strengthened in October and November. La Niña conditions often peak in January, as they appeared to do in January 2008.

This image shows the temperature anomaly for the top millimeter of the Pacific Ocean's surface—the skin temperature—on January 14, 2008, based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) flying on NASA's Aqua satellite. In this image, January 14, 2008, temperatures are compared to the long-term average measured by a series of sensors that flew on NOAA Pathfinder satellites from 1985 to 1997. A strong band of blue (cool) water appears along the Equator, fanning out near North and South America. Patches of orange to red (warm) conditions appear north and south of this strong blue band. As of January 2008, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predicted that La Niña conditions would continue until spring, with a possible weakening in February 2008.

Cool ocean temperatures can impede cloud growth, leading to reduced rainfall from South America to Indonesia. In the continental United States, La Niña affects the jet stream, which in turn affects weather. Typical La Niña winter weather patterns include very cool, wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest, especially cold winter conditions on the Great Plains, and unusually dry conditions in the Southwest and Southeast. Because La Niña conditions can persist for years, such adverse weather conditions can continue. In short, continued La Niña conditions were expected to prolong the droughts in the American Southeast and Southwest.

Summary

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January 2009 Fiji floodsTropical Depression Auring (2009)Typhoon Dolphin (2008)Cyclone Nisha (2008)Tropical Storm BernardTropical Storm Maysak (2008)Hurricane PalomaCyclone Rashmi2008 Yemen cycloneOctober 2008 Central America floodsHurricane OmarTropical Storm Odile (2008)Tropical Storm Marco (2008)Hurricane Norbert (2008)Tropical Storm Higos (2008)Tropical Storm Laura (2008)Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2008)Hurricane Kyle (2008)Typhoon Jangmi (2008)Typhoon Hagupit (2008)Typhoon Sinlaku (2008)Tropical Storm Lowell (2008)Tropical Storm Josephine (2008)Hurricane IkeHurricane Hanna (2008)Hurricane GustavTropical Storm Julio (2008)Typhoon Nuri (2008)Tropical Storm Fay (2008)Tropical Storm Vongfong (2008)Hurricane Hernan (2008)Tropical Storm Kammuri (2008)Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)Typhoon Fung-wong (2008)Hurricane Dolly (2008)Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)Hurricane Fausto (2008)Typhoon Kalmaegi (2008)Tropical Depression Five-E (2008)Hurricane Bertha (2008)Typhoon Fengshen (2008)Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)Tropical Storm AlmaTropical Storm Halong (2008)Typhoon Rammasun (2008)Cyclone NargisTyphoon Neoguri (2008)Cyclone JokweCyclone IvanCyclone HondoSevere Tropical Cyclone GeneSevere Tropical Cyclone FunaCyclone Helen (2008)tropical cyclone basins

North Atlantic Ocean

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Main article: 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
 
2008 Atlantic hurricane season summary map

The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season was the most destructive Atlantic hurricane season since 2005, causing over 1,000 deaths and nearly $50 billion (2008 USD) in damage. The season ranked as the third costliest ever at the time, but has since fallen to seventh costliest. It was an above-average season, featuring sixteen named storms, eight of which became hurricanes, and five which further became major hurricanes.[1] It officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30. However, the formation of Tropical Storm Arthur caused the season to start one day early. It was the only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November in the North Atlantic. Bertha became the longest-lived July tropical cyclone on record for the basin, the first of several long-lived systems during 2008.

The season was devastating for Haiti, where nearly 800 people were killed by four consecutive tropical cyclones (Fay, Gustav, Hanna, and Ike), especially Hurricane Hanna, in August and September. These four storms caused about $1 billion in damage in Haiti alone. The precursor to Kyle and the outer rain bands of Paloma also impacted Haiti. Cuba also received extensive impacts from Gustav, Ike, and Paloma, with Gustav and Ike making landfall in the country at major hurricane intensity and Paloma being a Category 2 when striking the nation. More than $10 billion in damage and 8 deaths occurred there.

Ike was the most destructive storm of the season, as well as the strongest in terms of minimum barometric pressure, devastating Cuba as a major hurricane and later making landfall near Galveston, Texas, as a large high-end Category 2 hurricane. One very unusual feat was a streak of tropical cyclones affecting land, with all but one system impacting land in 2008. The unusual number of storms with impact led to one of the deadliest and destructive seasons in the history of the Atlantic basin, especially with Ike, as its overall damages made it the second-costliest hurricane in the Atlantic at the time.

Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a total cumulative accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 146, which was well above the normal average, and was the highest value since 2005.[2] ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 miles per hour (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm strength.[3]

Eastern Pacific Ocean

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Main article: 2008 Pacific hurricane season
 
2008 Pacific hurricane season summary map

The 2008 Pacific hurricane season was a near average season which produced seventeen named storms, though most were rather weak and short-lived. Only seven hurricanes formed and two major hurricanes. The season officially began on May 15 in the East Pacific Ocean, and on June 1 in the Central Pacific; they ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Pacific basin. However, the formation of tropical cyclones is possible at any time of the year.

This season is the first since 1996 to have no cyclones cross into the central Pacific.[4] There were only a few notable storms this year. Tropical Storm Alma made landfall along the Pacific coast of Nicaragua, becoming the first known storm to do so. It killed 9 and did US$35 million in damage (value in 2008). It also became the first tropical storm to be retired in the Eastern Pacific basin. Hurricane Norbert became the strongest hurricane to hit the western side of the Baja Peninsula on record, killing 25.

The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2008 Pacific hurricane season was 82.135 units in the Eastern Pacific and 1.5925 units in the Central Pacific. The total ACE in the basin is 83.7275 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 miles per hour (63 km/h).

Western Pacific Ocean

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Main article: 2008 Pacific typhoon season
 
2008 Pacific typhoon season summary map

The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The first tropical depression of the season, formed in mid January to the west of the Philippines. As it moved west, the depression did not develop any further and dissipated on January 18. After two more Tropical depressions, the first named storm, Typhoon Neoguri formed in April to the east of Mindanao. During May as a result of convection being enhanced within the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, four named storms formed which along with 1971 and 1980 was the joint highest incidence in May since 1951. Between June and October, the region was considered to be very quiet by the JMA as they only named 13 tropical cyclones. In November and December, only four tropical cyclones were named by the JMA and all four formed within the Philippine sea and the South China Sea. Typhoon Jangmi became the strongest tropical cyclone this 2008 and for this typhoon season, with 215 kilometres per hour (134 mph) sustained winds.

North Indian Ocean

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Main article: 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
 
2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

The 2008 North Indian cyclone season was one of the most disastrous tropical cyclone seasons in modern history, with tropical cyclones leaving more than 140,000 people dead and causing more than US$15 billion in damage, making it the costliest season in the North Indian Ocean, until it was made second in 2020. The IMD monitored a total of ten depressions across the North Indian Ocean, significantly below the average of fifteen. Of these systems, seven developed into deep depressions, four into cyclonic storms, and one into a very severe cyclonic storm.[5] The JTWC unofficially tracked seven systems, with six having one-minute sustained winds greater than 65 kilometres per hour (40 mph), slightly above their 32-year average of five.[6] Activity was mostly limited to the Bay of Bengal, with only two depressions developing in the Arabian Sea. Somewhat unusually, no depression developed during the month of July due to the lack of a prominent monsoon. Collectively, there were a total of 30 days of activity in the basin, with no storms existing simultaneously.[5]

South-West Indian Ocean

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2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map
 
2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season summary map

January–June

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Main article: 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was the third most active tropical cyclone season, along with the 1985–86 season and behind the 1993–94 season and the 2018–19 season, with twelve named tropical cyclones developing in the region. It began on November 15, 2007, and ended on April 30, 2008, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, which ended on May 15. Cyclone Hondo became the strongest tropical cyclone this season, with 215 kilometres per hour (134 mph) on 10-min sustained winds.[7][8]

July–December

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Main article: 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a slightly above average event in tropical cyclone formation. It began on November 15, 2008, and officially ended on April 30, 2009, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it ended on May 15, 2009.

As predicted by the sub regional office of Mauritius ten named storms formed in this basin.[9] It officially began on November 15, but began 1 month earlier when Tropical Storm Asma formed on October 16. Most of the storms that formed this year were weak or stayed at sea. Only two storms reached hurricane strength this year, both of which were Category 3 or higher, and only 3 storms made landfall in the entire season. Overall, the impact of this season was relatively minor, but damaging for Madagascar, due to the heavy rains from Eric, Fanele, Izilda and Jade.

Australian Region

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2007–08 Australian region cyclone season summary map
 
2008–2009 Australian region cyclone season summary map

January–June

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Main article: 2007–08 Australian region cyclone season

The 2007–08 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly below-average tropical cyclone season. The season began with an early start, with the formation of the first tropical cyclone on July 29, which was only recognized as a tropical cyclone during post-season analysis. This was the second time that a tropical cyclone had formed during July. The other one was Cyclone Lindsay in the 1996–1997 season. The next tropical cyclone that formed was Cyclone Guba, which formed on November 13 with TCWC Port Moresby assigning the name Guba on November 14, which was the first named storm within TCWC Port Moresby's area of responsibility since Cyclone Epi in June 2003. Guba was also the first cyclone to occur in the Queensland region in November since 1977.

Tropical Cyclone Lee also formed on November 13 and was named by TCWC Perth on November 14, with the system moving into RSMC Réunion's area of responsibility and being renamed Ariel. The next Cyclone to form within the Australian region was Melanie, which formed on December 27, and was named on the 28th by TCWC Perth. Melanie was the first storm of the season to require cyclone watches, and warnings were issued for the Pilbara coast, but it had weakened into a low-pressure area before it made landfall.

Tropical Cyclone Helen was the first tropical cyclone to form in 2008, in the Southern Hemisphere, forming in TCWC Darwin's area of responsibility. Helen marked the first time that Darwin had experienced a tropical cyclone since Cyclone Gretel in the 1984–85 season.[10] Cyclone Nicholas made landfall north of Carnarvon on February 20, as a category one cyclone. Cyclone Ophelia actually formed in TCWC Darwin's area of responsibility, but had moved into TCWC Perth's area when it was named. Tropical Cyclone Pancho formed on March 23 to the south of Christmas Island, and was named by TCWC Perth on March 25; the system eventually reached category 4 status, with winds of 95 kn (176 km/h).

In April 2008, Tropical Cyclones Rosie and Durga were the first tropical depressions to be monitored within TCWC Jakarta's area of responsibility and Durga was also the first storm to reach tropical cyclone status and named whilst being monitored by TCWC Jakarta. Durga was also the last storm of the season, which officially ended on April 30.

July–December

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Main article: 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season

The 2008–09 Australian region cyclone season was a near average tropical cyclone season. It officially started on November 1, 2008, and officially ended on April 30, 2009. This season was also the first time that the BoM implemented a "tropical cyclone year." The regional tropical cyclone operational plan defines a "tropical cyclone year" separately from a "tropical cyclone season"; the "tropical cyclone year" began on July 1, 2008, and ended on June 30, 2009.[11]

South Pacific Ocean

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2007–08 South Pacific Ocean cyclone season summary map
 
2008–09 South Pacific Ocean cyclone season summary map

January–June

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Main article: 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season

The 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season was one of the least active South Pacific tropical cyclone season's on record, with only four tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific basin to the east of 160°E.[12][13] The season officially ran from November 1, 2007, until April 30, 2008, although the first cyclone, Tropical Depression 01F, developed on October 17. The most intense tropical cyclone of the season was Severe Tropical Cyclone Daman, which reached a minimum pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) as it affected Fiji. After the season had ended, the names Daman, Funa, and Gene were retired from the tropical cyclone naming lists.[14]

July–December

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Main article: 2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season

During the season, a total of fifteen significant tropical disturbances were monitored and numbered by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), within the South Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W.[15] Off these tropical disturbances, six became named tropical cyclones, while none developed into severe tropical cyclones for the first time since the 1994–95 season.[13][15] The first tropical disturbance of the season developed on December 1, while the final system Tropical Disturbance 15F was last noted in the basin during April 10.

Notable Tropical depressions include Tropical Depression 04F, which caused Fiji's second worst natural disasters. Tropical Depression 08F, which intensified into Cyclone Hettie becoming the first tropical cyclone to form this season. Tropical Depression 10F brought heavy rains to Vanuatu and before making landfall on New Caledonia intensified into Category One Tropical Cyclone Innis. After it made landfall Innis became the first Tropical Depression to move into TCWC Brisbane's Area of responsibility since Cyclone Larry. Cyclones Joni and Ken both threatened the Southern Cook Islands however the only impact they had was minimal. Cyclone Jasper then moved into the region early on March 24 at peak intensity, having developed inside TCWC Brisbane's area of responsibility two days earlier. The final disturbance this year to develop was 15F to the northeast of the Solomon Islands.[16][17]

Mediterranean Sea

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Main article: Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

In the Mediterranean Sea, there were 3 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones formed, but they aren't well-documented. June 2008, August 2008, and September 2008,[18] December 4, 2008[19] were the dates when they took shape. The damages, deaths, and the affected places are unknown.

Systems

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A total of 124 systems formed globally in the year with 83 of them causing significant damage, deaths, and/or setting records for their basin.

January

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Cyclone Funa

The month of January was moderately active, seeing eleven tropical cyclones develop, with five being named. Tropical Cyclone Elisa affected Tonga and Niue as a tropical cyclone on early January, whileSevere Tropical Cyclone Funa became the second strongest tropical cyclone during the 2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season, causing heavy flood and wind damage to Vanuatu. On the South-West Indian Ocean basin, 3 more systems formed on the South-West Indian Ocean basin: 07, Fame and Gula, which caused torrential rainfall and gusty winds to the Mascarene Islands and Madagascar. 08F, 09F, 11F, and Guna formed on the South Pacific basin, while 2 systems formed in the West Pacific basin: 01W and an unmonitored weak tropical depression.

Tropical cyclones formed in July 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
07 January 6–8 35 (25) 1003 Réunion None None [20]
Elisa January 7–11 95 (60) 980 Fiji, Tonga None None [21]
08F January 9–14 45 (30) 998 Vanuatu, Fiji None None [22]
09F January 12–13 Not specified 999 Tonga None None [23]
01W January 13–18 55 (35) 1004 Philippines, Malaysia None None [24][25]
Funa January 15–21 175 (110) 930 Vanuatu, Fiji, New Zealand Unknown None [26][27][28]
11F January 19–24 75 (45) 999 Tonga None None [29]
TD January 22–23 Not specified 1006 None None None [30]
Fame January 22–February 1 130 (80) 972 Comoros, Mayotte, Madagascar, Réunion $51 thousand 13 [31]
Gula January 25–February 1 155 (100) 950 Mauritius None None [32][33][34][35]
Gene January 26–February 6 155 (100) 945 Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu $35 million 8 [36][37]

February

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Cyclone Hondo

The month of February is tied with May as the second least active month in terms of formed systems with 7 tropical systems; however, 4 were named and developed hurricane-force winds and were classified as severe tropical cyclones. No tropical cyclones developed within the Northern Hemisphere, the fourth occurrence since 2005. Cyclone Hondo was the strongest and longest-lived tropical cyclone to develop during the 2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, which affected Mauritius and Reunion. On the South-west Indian Ocean basin, one more system formed: Cyclone Ivan which devastated Madagascar as an intense tropical cyclone. On the Australian basin, 4 systems took shape: a tropical low, Nicholas, Ophelia, and 20P. On the South Pacific basin, 13F formed, which affected Cook Islands in its lifetime.

Tropical cyclones formed in February 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Hondo February 2–29 215 (130) 915 Mauritius, Réunion Minimal None [38][39]
Low (17S) February 4–10 55 (35) 990 None None None [40][41]
Ivan February 5–27 185 (115) 930 Madagascar $30 million 93 [42][43][44]
Nicholas February 10–20 130 (80) 956 Western Australia None None [45][46][47][48]
13F February 17–18 45 (30) 1008 Cook Islands None None [49][50][51]
Ophelia February 27–March 7 100 (65) 976 Northern Territory, Western Australia None None [52][53]
20P February 29 55 (35) 999 None None None [54][55]

March

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Cyclone Kamba

March is tied with April and June as the least active month, with just six tropical cyclones; however, four of them are named. Intense Tropical Cyclone Jokwe was the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in Mozambique since Cyclone Favio struck in the previous year, and was the most recent cyclone to make landfall on the same country until it was overtaken by Cyclone Dineo in 2017. 2 more systems formed in the southwest Indian Ocean basin: Kamba and Lola., with the latter affecting Mauritius. 14F formed on the South Pacific basin and brought little to none damages on New Caledonia, while Pancho formed on the Australian basin, affecting Christmas Island and Western Australia as a severe tropical cyclone. A tropical depression on the West Pacific was identified on March 26–27, affecting the Philippines.

Tropical cyclones formed in March 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Jokwe March 2–16 195 (120) 940 Madagascar, Mozambique $8 million 16 [56][57][58]
Kamba March 5–14 185 (115) 930 None None None [59][60][61]
Lola March 18–27 65 (40) 994 Mauritius None None [62][63][64]
14F March 19–23 55 (35) 998 New Caledonia None None [65][66][67][68]
Pancho March 25–29 165 (105) 938 Christmas Island, Western Australia None None [69][70][71][72]
TD March 26–27 Not specified 1006 Philippines None None

April

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Typhoon Neoguri

The month of April is tied with March and June as the least active month, with just 6 systems developing; however, 4 are respectively named. Typhoon Neoguri was the earliest tropical cyclone on record to strike the mainland China, which left 26 deaths and over $65 million worth of damages to the said country. Also included here is Cyclone Nargis which is an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone, and became the second-costliest tropical cyclone recorded in the Indian Ocean, just after Cyclone Amphan in 2020. It left an unconfirmed total of 138,373 deaths; mainly on Myanmar and $12.9 billion worth of damages. 2 depressions formed on the South Pacific basin and affected Vanuatu and New Caledonia: 15F and 16F. Rosie and Durga formed on the Australian region; bringing minor damages and rainfall on Christmas Island and Cocos Islands.

Tropical cyclones formed in April 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
15F April 4 – 7 45 (30) 1002 Vanuatu, New Caledonia None None [73]
Neoguri (Ambo) April 13 – 21 150 (90) 960 Philippines, China $65 million 26 [74][75][76][77][78]
16F April 16 – 19 55 (35) 998 Vanuatu, New Caledonia None None [79][80][81]
Rosie April 20 – 24 95 (60) 988 Christmas Island Minor None [82][83]
Durga April 20 – 26 95 (60) 984 Cocos Islands None None [84][85]
Nargis April 27 – May 3 165 (150) 962 Bangladesh, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Laos, China $12.9 billion ≥138,373 [86][87][88][89]

May

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Typhoon Rammasun

The month of May was tied with February as the second-least active month, with seven systems developing; six of those being named. Included here is Typhoon Rammasun, which brought gusty rainfalls across eastern Philippines and paralleled on Japan before weakening. Matmo, a tropical depression, Nakri and Tropical Storm Halong also formed on the West Pacific, affecting Philippines, Japan, the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Mariana Islands. Tropical Storm Alma formed on the East Pacific basin. As it dissipated over Central America, its remnants interacted with two tropical waves, subsequently forming Tropical Storm Arthur on the Atlantic, which worsened the situations on the place which Alma made landfall.

Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Rammasun (Butchoy) May 7 – 14 195 (120) 915 Philippines, Japan $9.6 million 4
Matmo (Dindo) May 14 – 17 95 (60) 992 Philippines, Japan None None
Halong (Cosme) May 14 – 20 110 (70) 970 Philippines, Japan, Kamchatka Peninsula $100 million 61
Nakri (Enteng) May 26 – June 3 185 (115) 930 Mariana Islands, Japan None None
TD May 27 – 28 Not specified 1006 Philippines None None
Alma May 29 – June 1 100 (65) 994 Central America $35 million 11
Arthur May 31 – June 1 75 (45) 1004 Honduras, Belize, Mexico, Guatemala $78 million 9 [90]

June

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Typhoon Fengshen

The month of June is tied with March and April for the most inactive month with 6 systems developing; however, 3 are named. Fengshen made a direct hit on the Philippines and China, causing severe damage and resulted in at least 1,371 deaths and leaving at least 87 people missing. Another unmonitored tropical depression struck Taiwan and affected South Korea on June 6. On the North Indian Ocean basin, ARB 01 and BOB 02 formed; bringing torrential rainfall and damages on Oman, India and Bangladesh. Boris and Cristina took shape on the East Pacific basin; however, they stayed well from the land. An unidentified medicane formed in June 2008, however, it was unknown.

Tropical cyclones formed in June 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
ARB 01 June 5–7 45 (30) 994 Oman None None
TD June 6 Not specified 1006 Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands None None
BOB 02 June 16–18 45 (30) 988 India, Bangladesh Unknown 54
Fengshen (Frank) June 17–27 165 (105) 945 Palau, Philippines, Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong $480 million 1,371
Boris June 27 – July 4 80 (130) 985 None None None
Cristina June 27–30 50 (85) 999 None None None
June 2008 Medicane June Not specified Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

July

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Hurricane Bertha

During July, thirteen tropical cyclones formed and the month became the third-most active month of the year, with ten of the cyclones being named. Included here is Bertha, which became the longest-lived Atlantic tropical cyclone on record during the month of July. It affected the East Coast of the United States and Bermuda, leaving 3 fatalities and minimal damages. A near hurricane-strength Cristobal skirted Florida and The Carolinas as a developing tropical storm, and the Atlantic Canada as an extratropical storm. Dolly severely impacted Texas, New Mexico and Arizona as a Category 3 major hurricane, while it affected the Yucatán Peninsula and Mexico as a tropical storm. It was responsible for 22 fatalities and $1.6 billion worth of damages. Back in the West Pacific, the activity started with Gener which impacted Guangdong Province in China. Kalmaegi followed, skirting to the east of Philippines before impacting Taiwan and China. It was responsible for $332.3 million worth of damages and 25 deaths. Adding on, Fung-wong severely impacted Taiwan as a Category 2 typhoon, just 10 days after Kalmaegi lashed the country. 2 more weak depressions formed; however, it didn't affect any landmasses. On the East Pacific, Douglas started the activity, skirting to the northeast of Mexico. A tropical depression brought torrential rainfalls across Southwestern Mexico, leaving 2 deaths and $2.2 million worth of damages. Elida, Fausto and Genevieve followed suit; however, it didn't affect any major landmasses, but it brought rainfalls across Clarion Island and Socorro Island.

Tropical cyclones formed in July 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Douglas July 1–4 40 (65) 1003 Northwestern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula None None
Bertha July 3–20 125 (205) 952 Cabo Verde, Bermuda, East Coast of the United States Minimal 3 [91][92][93][94]
Gener July 4–8 55 (35) 1000 China None None
Five-E July 5–7 35 (55) 1005 Southwestern Mexico, Western Mexico $2.2 million 2
TD July 6–9 Not specified 1004 None None None
Elida July 11–19 105 (165) 970 Southwestern Mexico, Hawaii None None
TD July 13–15 Not specified 1006 None None None
Kalmaegi (Helen) July 13–20 120 (75) 970 Philippines, Taiwan, China, Korea, Japan $332 million 25
Fausto July 15–22 90 (150) 977 Clarion Island, Socorro Island Minimal None
Cristobal July 19–23 65 (100) 998 Southeastern United States, Atlantic Canada $10,000 None [95][96][97][98]
Dolly July 20–27 100 (155) 963 Cayman Islands, Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona $1.6 billion 22 [99][100][101]
Genevieve July 21–27 75 (120) 987 Hawaii None None
Fung-wong (Igme) July 23–30 140 (85) 960 Northern Luzon, Taiwan, mainland China $541 million 23

August

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Hurricane Gustav

August was the second most active month of the year, seeing 18 tropical cyclones forming and 14 named storms.

Tropical cyclones formed in August 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Edouard August 3–6 100 (65) 996 Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma $550,000 6 [102][103][104]
Kammuri (Julian) August 3–8 95 (60) 975 Philippines, China, Vietnam, Hong Kong $200 million 204 [105][106][107]
Hernan August 6–12 195 (120) 956 Hawaii None None [108][109]
Kika August 7–12 65 (40) 1007 None None None [110][111]
BOB 03 August 9–10 45 (30) 1004 Orissa, West Bengal Unknown 61 [112]
Phanfone August 9–11 95 (60) 996 None None None [113][114]
TD August 10–12 Not specified 998 China None None [115]
TD August 11–15 Not specified 1000 Japan, South Korea None None [115]
11W August 12–15 55 (35) 998 Japan, South Korea Minor None [116][117]
Iselle August 13–16 85 (50) 999 None None None [118]
Vongfong August 14–17 95 (60) 990 Japan Minor 1 [119][120]
Kika August 14–16 35 (25) 1010 None None None [121]
Fay August 15–27 110 (70) 986 Leeward Islands, Greater Antilles, Southeastern United States $560 million 36 [122][123][124]
Nuri (Karen) August 17–23 140 (85) 955 Philippines, Mainland China, Hong Kong $85 million 20 [125][126][127]
Julio August 23–27 85 (50) 998 Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Arizona, Nevada, California $1 million 2 [128][129][130]
Gustav August 25 – September 7 250 (155) 941 Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States $8.31 billion 153 [131][132]
14W (Lawin) August 26–28 55 (35) 1002 Philippines, Taiwan None None [133][134]
Hanna August 28 – September 12 140 (85) 977 Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, Hispaniola, Eastern Seaboard, Atlantic Canada $160 million ~537 [135][136]
August 2008 Medicane August Not specified Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

September

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Typhoon Jangmi
Tropical cyclones formed in September 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Ike September 1–15 230 (145) 935 Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Cuba, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Eastern Canada, Iceland $38 billion 214 [137][138]
Josephine September 2–6 100 (65) 994 Cabo Verde, Saint Croix Minimal None [139]
Karina September 2–3 65 (40) 1000 Socorro Island None None [140]
Lowell September 6–11 85 (50) 998 Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora, Nayarit, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, Socorro Island $15.5 million 6 [141][142]
Sinlaku (Marce) September 8–25 185 (115) 935 Philippines, Taiwan, People's Republic of China, Japan $1.1 billion 14 [143][144][145][146]
16W September 9–11 55 (35) 1002 Japan None None [147][148]
17W September 13–14 45 (30) 1010 None None None [149][150]
BOB 04 September 15–19 55 (35) 986 India Unknown 25 [151][152][153]
Hagupit (Nina) September 18–25 165 (105) 935 Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Vietnam $1 billion 102 [154][155][156][157]
Jangmi (Ofel) September 23 – October 5 215 (130) 905 Taiwan, Japan $87.7 million 6 [158][159][160]
Kyle September 25–30 140 (85) 984 Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bermuda, New England, Atlantic Canada, southeastern Quebec $57.1 million 8 [161][162]
Mekkhala September 27–30 85 (50) 990 Vietnam, Laos, Thailand $6.6 million 16 [163][164][165][166]
Laura September 29 – October 4 95 (60) 994 Azores, Atlantic Canada, Greenland, Europe Minimal None [167][168]
Higos (Pablo) September 29 – October 6 65 (40) 998 Philippines, China $6.5 million Unknown [169][170][171]

October

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Hurricane Norbert
Tropical cyclones formed in October 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Marie October 1–6 130 (80) 984 None None None [172]
Norbert October 3–12 215 (130) 945 Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa $98.5 million 25 [173][174]
Marco October 6–7 100 (65) 998 Mexico Minimal None [175][176]
01 October 6–8 35 (25) 1006 None None None [177]
Odile October 8–12 95 (60) 997 Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Southwestern Mexico Minimal None [178][179]
Nana October 12–14 65 (40) 1004 None None None [180]
22W October 12–15 55 (35) 1006 China, Vietnam Moderate None [181][182]
Omar October 13–21 215 (130) 958 Venezuela, Leeward Antilles, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico $80 million 1 [183][184]
Sixteen October 14–15 45 (30) 1004 Honduras, Belize, Nicaragua ≥ $150 million 9 [185][186]
Asma October 15–24 85 (50) 988 Comoros, Northern Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania Unknown 1 [187][188][189]
Bavi October 18–20 85 (50) 992 None None None
ARB 02 October 19–23 55 (35) 1000 Yemen $1.638 billion 180 [190]
Seventeen-E October 23–24 55 (35) 1008 None None None [191]
Rashmi October 25–27 85 (50) 984 Bangladesh, India Unknown 28 [192][193]

November

edit
 
Hurricane Paloma
Tropical cyclones formed in November 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Polo November 2–5 75 (45) 1003 None None None [194]
Paloma November 5–14 230 (145) 944 Central America, Jamaica, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Bahamas, Florida $454.5 million 1 [195][196]
Maysak (Quinta-Siony) November 6–14 95 (60) 985 Philippines Minimal 19 [197]
Rolly November 7–9 55 (35) 1006 Philippines None None [198][199][200]
TD November 11–12 Not specified 1004 None None None [198]
Khai-Muk November 13–16 65 (40) 996 India $314 million None [201][202][203][204]
Bernard November 13–21 65 (40) 995 None None None [205][206][207]
Haishen November 14–17 75 (45) 1004 None None None [208][209][210]
Noul (Tonyo) November 14–17 75 (45) 994 Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia $8.4 million 21 [211][212][213]
Anika November 17–22 95 (60) 990 Cocos Island None None [214][215][216]
01U November 21 35 (25) 1003 None None None [207]
Nisha November 25–29 85 (50) 996 Sri Lanka, India $800 million 204 [217][218]

December

edit
 
Severe Tropical Cyclone Billy
Tropical cyclones formed in December 2008
Storm name Dates active Max wind
km/h (mph) 		Pressure
(hPa) 		Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
01F December 1–2 Not specified 1006 None None None [219][220]
TD December 2 Not specified 1006 None None None [115]
02F December 3–6 45 (30) 1004 Cook Islands None None [221]
BOB 08 December 4–7 55 (35) 1004 Sri Lanka, India None None [222][223]
03F December 10 Not specified 1006 None None None [224][225]
Dolphin (Ulysses) December 11–20 120 (75) 970 Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, Wake Island, Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Micronesia ≤ $9,000 47 [226][227]
Cinda December 13–24 95 (60) 985 None None None
Billy December 17–28 175 (110) 950 Northwestern Australia Unknown 1 [228]
04U December 21–24 55 (35) 1000 Northern Territory None None [229][230]
05U December 23–28 35 (25) 1003 None None None [231][232]

Global effects

edit
Season name Areas affected Systems formed Named storms Damage (USD) Deaths
2008 Atlantic hurricane season The Bahamas, East Coast of the United States, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Eastern Canada, Bermuda, Antillean Islands, Hispaniola, Cuba, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Cabo Verde Islands, Senegal, Azores, ABC Islands, San Andrés and Providencia 17 16 ≥ $49.855 billion 1,073
2008 Pacific hurricane season Central America, Baja California Peninsula, Southwestern Mexico, Yucatán Peninsula, Socorro Island, Hawaii, California, Arizona, Clarion Island 19 17 $152.2 million 46
2008 Pacific typhoon season 3 Palau, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, North Korea, South Korea, Siberia, Myanmar, Cambodia 41 25 $5.97 billion 1,965
2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Yunnan, Oman, India, Yemen, Sri Lanka 10 4 ~ $15.3 billion 138,927
2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 2 Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tromelin Island, Réunion, Rodrigues 8 7 ≥ $38.051 million 122
2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season 3 Madagascar, Comoros, Chagos Archipelago, Tromelin Island 4 3 Unknown 1
2007–08 Australian region cyclone season 2 Western Australia, Christmas Island 7 5 Unknown None
2008–09 Australian region cyclone season 3 Cocos Island, Northwestern Australia, Northern Territory 5 2 Minor 1
2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season 2 Tonga, Niue, Vanuatu, Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand 7 4 ≥ $35 million 8
2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season 3 Southern Cook Islands 3 0 None 0
2008 Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone season Unknown 3 0 Unknown Unknown
Worldwide (See above) 112[a] 83 $294.100 billion 142,143
  1. ^ The sum of the number of systems and fatalities in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems and fatalities.

Notes

edit

1 Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2008 are counted in the seasonal totals.
2 Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2008 are counted in the seasonal totals.
3 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
4 The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.

See also

edit

References

edit
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