The Palaung (Burmese: ပလောင် လူမျိုး [pəlàʊɰ̃ lùmjó]; Thai: ปะหล่อง, also written as Benglong Palong) or Ta'ang (တအောင်း) are an Austroasiatic ethnic group found in Shan State of Myanmar (Burma), Yunnan Province of China and Northern Thailand. In China, they are referred to as the De'ang (Chinese: 德昂族; pinyin: Déángzú also spelt Deang) people. They live mainly in the northern parts of Shan State in the Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone, with the capital at Namhsan.
 | |
 A Ta'ang tribal woman near Kalaw, Shan State, Burma | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 557,000 (est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Burma, smaller populations in Yunnan, China and Thailand | |
| Languages | |
| Ta'ang | |
| Religion | |
| Theravada Buddhism |
The Ta'ang (Palaung) State Liberation Army, the armed wing of the Palaung ethnic group, began fighting against the Burmese military in 1963. It entered a cease-fire agreement with the central government in April 1991, but is currently continuing the insurgency.[1] Both the government and the rebel armies have derived benefit from poppy cultivation, which has caused serious drug addiction among the local people.[2]
Groups
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There are three main subgroups of Palaung: the Palé, Shwe and Rumai.[3]
The Chinese government groups together the Palé, Riang, Rumai and Shwe peoples as the De'ang ethnic nationality. The group also includes the Danau (Danaw) who may no longer have a separate identity from the Palé.
Language
editThere are three main principal Palaung languages: Palé (Ruching), Rumai, and Shwe (Ta'ang or De'ang). Many Palaung are multilingual, speaking multiple varieties of Palaung, Burmese, Shan, Chinese, and Jingpo.[4] Use of Shan among the Palaung has declined, while younger Palaung prefer to use Burmese as a common language with speakers of other Palaung varieties.[4] The Ta’ang Committee for Literature and Culture published the first Burmese-Ta'ang dictionary in 2012.[4]
Distribution
editIn China, the De'ang are found in the following villages of Zhenkang County and Gengma County.[5] In China, they are known as the Laopulao (牢普劳); there are six other De'ang groups located in Burma.[5]
- Dazhai Township (大寨乡), Muchang District (木厂区), Zhenkang County: Bangwa (邦娃) Dazhai (大寨), Xiazhai (下寨), Huoshishan (火石山), Laobandeng (老班登), Mahuangqing (蚂蟥箐) of Chaikao (柴考)
- Nansan Township (南伞乡), Pengmushan District (彭木山区), Zhenkang County: Xiaochanggou (销长沟), Beiyan (北岩)
- Hongmulin (红木林) and Manxing (曼兴) of Hewai District (河外区), Gengma County: Junnong (君弄), Mamao (马冒), Jinmo (金莫), Muyin (木因), Xungang (巡岗)
Religion
editMost Palaung are adherents of Theravada Buddhism and Buddhist temples can be found in most of their towns. Buddhism is present in all of the daily activities of this ethnic group. At the age of ten, many children are sent to the monasteries, primarily for education. Most of them return to lay life in later years.
The Riang are the only one of the four groups who have never converted to Buddhism. The majority of the Riang are animists.
See also
editFurther reading
edit- Palaung Women's Organisation. (2006). Poisoned Flowers: The Impacts of Spiralling Drug Addiction on Palaung Women in Burma. Tak, Maesot, Thailand: Palaung Women's Organisation.
- Ashley, S. (2006). Exorcising with Buddha Palaung Buddhism in Northern Thailand. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. ISBN 0-494-03309-6
- Howard, M. C., & Wattana Wattanapun. (2001). The Palaung in Northern Thailand. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974-88325-1-1
- Cameron, A. A. (1912). Notes on the Palaung of the Kodaung Hill Tracts of Mong Mit State. Rangoon: Govt. Printer.
- Milne, Mrs. Leslie. (1924). The Home of an Eastern Clan: A Study of the Palaungs of the Shan State. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gallery
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References
edit- ^ "Ta'ang army suspends talks with govt as clashes continue". DVB. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2014-08-03. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
- ^ "Turning a new leaf? Ethnic rebels along Myanmar's rugged frontier help eradicate poppy fields". Fox News. Associated Press. 12 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-04-21. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
- ^ "The Indigenous Palaung People". The Peoples of the World Foundation. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ a b c Badenoch, Nathan (Autumn 2016). "A tale of two dictionaries: discovering, decoding and deliberating diversity | IIAS". IIAS. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
- ^ a b 中国少数民族社会历史调查资料丛刊》修订编辑委员会. 2009. 德昂族社会历史调查, p. 94. Beijing: Minzu Chubanshe.
External links
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Media related to De'ang people at Wikimedia Commons- Ta'ang Students and Youth Organization
