Daniel Libeskind (born May 12, 1946) is a Polish–American architect, artist, professor and set designer. Libeskind founded Studio Daniel Libeskind in 1989 with his wife, Nina, and is its principal design architect.[1]
He is known for the design and completion of the Jewish Museum in Berlin, Germany, that opened in 2001. On February 27, 2003, Libeskind received further international attention after he won the competition to be the master plan architect for the reconstruction of the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan.[2]
Born in Łódź, Poland, Libeskind was the second child of Dora and Nachman Libeskind, both Polish Jews and Holocaust survivors. As a young child, Libeskind learned to play the accordion and quickly became a virtuoso, performing on Polish television in 1953. He won a America Israel Cultural Foundation scholarship in 1959 and played alongside a young Itzhak Perlman. Libeskind lived in Poland for 11 years and says "I can still speak, read and write Polish."[5]
In 1957, the Libeskinds moved to Kibbutz Gvat, Israel and then to Tel Aviv before moving to New York in 1959.[6] In his autobiography, Breaking Ground: An Immigrant's Journey from Poland to Ground Zero, Libeskind spoke of how the kibbutz experience influenced his concern for green architecture.[7]
In the summer of 1959, his family moved to New York City on one of the last immigrant boats to the United States. In New York, Libeskind lived in the Amalgamated Housing Cooperative in the northwest Bronx, a union-sponsored, middle-income cooperative development. He attended the Bronx High School of Science. The print shop where his father worked was on Stone Street in Lower Manhattan, and he watched the original World Trade Center being built in the 1960s.[8] Libeskind became a United States citizen in 1965.[9]
Libeskind began his career as an architectural theorist and professor, holding positions at various institutions around the world. From 1978 to 1985, Libeskind was the director of the Architecture Department at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.[12] His practical architectural career began in Milan in the late 1980s, where he submitted to architectural competitions and also founded and directed Architecture Intermundium, Institute for Architecture & Urbanism.
Libeskind completed his first building at the age of 52, with the opening of the Felix Nussbaum Haus in Osnabrück, Germany in 1998.[13] Prior to this, critics had dismissed his designs as "unbuildable or unduly assertive".[14] In 1987, Libeskind won his first design competition for housing in West Berlin, but the Berlin Wall fell shortly thereafter and the project was cancelled. Libeskind won the first four project competitions he entered including the Jewish Museum Berlin in 1989, which became the first museum dedicated to the Holocaust in WWII and opened to the public in 2001 with international acclaim.[15] This was his first major international success and was one of the first building modifications designed after reunification. A glass courtyard was designed by Libeskind and added in 2007. The Academy of the Jewish Museum Berlin also designed by Libeskind was completed in 2012.
Libeskind was selected by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation to oversee the rebuilding of the World Trade Center,[16] which was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. The concept for the site, which he titled Memory Foundations, was well-received upon its presentation to the public in 2003, although it was ultimately changed significantly before its execution.[17] He was the first architect to win the Hiroshima Art Prize, awarded to an artist whose work promotes international understanding and peace. Many of his projects look at the deep cultural connections between memory and architecture.[18]
Studio Daniel Libeskind is headquartered two blocks south of the World Trade Center site in New York. He has designed numerous cultural and commercial institutions, museums, concert halls, convention centers, universities, residences, hotels, and shopping centers. The studio's most recent completed projects include the MO Museum in Vilnius, Lithuania; Zlota 44, a high-rise residential tower in Warsaw, Poland; the Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics at Durham University in Durham, England; the National Holocaust Monument in Ottawa, Canada; and Corals at Keppel Bay in Singapore, adjacent to the studio's previous completed project Reflections at Keppel Bay.
In addition to his architectural projects, Libeskind has worked with a number of international design firms to develop objects, furniture, and industrial fixtures for interiors of buildings. He has been commissioned to work with design companies such as Fiam,[19]Artemide,[20]Jacuzzi,[21] TreP-Tre-Piu,[22] Oliviari,[23] Sawaya & Moroni,[24] Poltrona Frau,[25] Swarovski,[26] and others.[27]
Libeskind's design projects also include sculpture. Several sculptures built in the early 1990s were based on the explorations of his Micromegas and Chamberworks drawings series that he did in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Polderland Garden of Love and Fire in Almere, Netherlands is a permanent installation completed in 1997 and restored on October 4, 2017.[28] Later in his career, Libeskind designed the Life Electric sculpture that was completed in 2015 on Lake Como, Italy. This sculpture is dedicated to the physicist Alessandro Volta.
Daniel Libeskind was the Head of Architecture at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan from 1978-1985. During his tenure at Cranbrook he explored various themes of space, influenced by theorists like Derrida and he was part of the leading avant-garde in architecture and academia. He produced several writings, artworks and large-scale explorations, including the Reading Machine, Writing Machine and Memory Machine.[30] The machines called the Three Lessons in Architecture were displayed at the Venice Biennale in 1985 where Libeskind also won a Stone Lion award.[31] Libeskind has taught at numerous universities across the world, including the University of Kentucky, Yale University, UCLA, Harvard, the University of London, and the University of Pennsylvania.[9] He continues to teach students at various universities including the Catholic University of America.[32]
While much of Libeskind's work has been well-received, it has also been the subject of often severe criticism.[33] Critics often describe Libeskind's work as deconstructivist.[34] Critics charge that it reflects a limited architectural vocabulary of jagged edges, sharp angles and tortured geometries,[35] that can fall into cliche, and that it ignores location and context.[36] In 2008 Los Angeles Times critic Christopher Hawthorne wrote: "Anyone looking for signs that Daniel Libeskind's work might deepen profoundly over time, or shift in some surprising direction, has mostly been doing so in vain."[37]Nicolai Ouroussoff stated in The New York Times in 2006: "His worst buildings, like a 2002 war museum in England suggesting the shards of a fractured globe, can seem like a caricature of his own aesthetic."[35] In the UK magazine Building Design, Owen Hatherley wrote of Libeskind's students' union for London Metropolitan University: "All of its vaulting, aggressive gestures were designed to 'put London Met on the map', and to give an image of fearless modernity with, however, little of consequence."[38] William JR Curtis in Architectural Review called his Run Run Shaw Creative Media Centre "a pile-up of Libeskindian clichés without sense, form or meaning" and wrote that his Hyundai Development Corporation Headquarters delivered "a trite and noisy corporate message".[36]
In response, Libeskind says he ignores critics: "How can I read them? I have more important things to read."[39]
Interior at Crystals at CityCenter, Las Vegas, Nevada, US
Contemporary Jewish Museum, San Francisco, California, US
PWC tower, CityLife, Milan, Italy
CityLife Residences, Milan, Italy
Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics at Durham University, Durham, England
National Holocaust Monument, Ottawa, Canada
Vanke Pavilion, Expo 2015, Milan, Italy
Imperial War Museum North, Trafford, Manchester, England
The following projects are listed on the Studio Libeskind website. The first date is the competition, commission, or first presentation date. The second is the completion date or the estimated date of completion.
First recipient of honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Art from University of Ulster in recognition of his outstanding services to global architecture and design (2009)[50]
MIPIM award in Best Urban Regeneration Project for KoBogen (2014)
FIABCI Prix d'Excellence Award, Residential for Reflections at Keppel Bay (2013)
European Museum Academy Prize for the Military History Museum (2013)
Libeskind met Nina Lewis, his future wife and business partner, at the Bundist-run Camp Hemshekh in upstate New York in 1966. They married a few years later and, instead of a traditional honeymoon, traveled across the US visiting Frank Lloyd Wright buildings on a Cooper Union fellowship.[52] Nina is co-founder for Studio Daniel Libeskind. She is the daughter of the late-Canadian political leader David Lewis and the sister of former Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations, Stephen Lewis.
Libeskind has lived, among other places, in New York City, Toronto, Michigan, Italy, Germany, and Los Angeles.[52] He is both a U.S. and Israeli citizen.[53]
Nina and Daniel Libeskind have three children: Lev, Noam, and Rachel.[54]
In the Unlikeliest of Places: How Nachman Libeskind Survived the Nazis, Gulags, and Soviet Communism (2014) Annette Libeskind Berkovits; foreword by Daniel Libeskind (ISBN978-1-77112-0661)
Jewish Museum Berlin, Germany
Felix Nussbaum Haus, Osnabruck, Germany
Reflections at Keppel Bay, Singapore
Zlota 44, Warsaw, Poland
L Tower in Toronto, Canada
Bord Gáis Energy Theatre, Dublin, Ireland
Bord Gais Theatre, Dublin, Ireland
Studio Weil, Mallorca, Spain
Denver Art Museum, Denver, Colorado, US
Kö-Bogen Düsseldorf, Germany
Kö-Bogen Düsseldorf, Germany
Crystals at CityCenter, Las Vegas, Nevada, US
Interior at Crystals at CityCenter, Las Vegas, Nevada, US
Contemporary Jewish Museum, San Francisco, California, US
PWC tower, CityLife, Milan, Italy
CityLife Residences, Milan, Italy
Ogden Centre for Fundamental Physics at Durham University, Durham, England
National Holocaust Monument, Ottawa, Canada
Vanke Pavilion, Expo 2015, Milan, Italy
Imperial War Museum North, Trafford, Manchester, England
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