Curtiss XP-10

XP-10
	The sole Curtiss XP-10 (s/n 28-387)
Role	Biplane fighter
Manufacturer	Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company
Retired	1928
Status	Cancelled
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Number built	One

The Curtiss XP-10 was an American experimental biplane fighter developed by Curtiss and tested by the United States Army Air Corps, but rejected due to disappointing performance and major problems with the cooling system.

Design and development

Ordered on 18 June 1928, it was intended to be fast and maneuverable enough to win a dogfight. The XP-10 used a gull wing top wing, joined at the fuselage; this offered much better pilot visibility than the traditional biplane configuration. Coincidentally, this also permitted the wing and fuselage to meet at the optimum angle for minimizing drag.^[1] The wings were plywood-covered (rather than doped fabric, as used in World War I), and the fuselage was fabric-covered steel tubing.

The XP-10 used a 600 hp (447 kW) Curtiss V-1570-15 Conqueror water-cooled V12 engine. To overcome the drag of a radiator (a quite serious issue before the introduction of ethylene glycol), Curtiss incorporated it into the upper wing. It was formed of corrugated brass sheets through which cooling water was run. While ingenious, this introduced technical and mechanical problems, especially vulnerability to enemy fire in a combat aircraft.

Operational history

Delivered to the Army Air Corps in August 1928, the XP-10 first flew in September.^[2] Despite excellent manoeuvrability, with the XP-10 proving superior to the Curtiss Hawk in testing,^[2] persistent problems with cooling and the plumbing of the surface radiator led to the XP-10 being abandoned.

The XP-10 seen from behind

Operators

United States

United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (XP-10)

Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947,^[3] U.S.Fighters^[2]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Length: 23 ft 3 in (7.09 m)
Wingspan: 33 ft (10 m)
Height: 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m)
Wing area: 270 sq ft (25 m²)
Empty weight: 3,040 lb (1,379 kg)
Gross weight: 3,975 lb (1,803 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Curtiss V-1570-15 Conqueror V-12 water-cooled piston engine, 600 hp (450 kW)
Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

Maximum speed: 191 mph (307 km/h, 166 kn) at sea level

215 mph (187 kn; 346 km/h)

Range: 461 mi (742 km, 401 nmi)
Service ceiling: 26,500 ft (8,100 m)
Rate of climb: 1,940 ft/min (9.9 m/s)

Armament

Guns: none installed (one 0.300 in (7.62 mm) and one 0.500 in (12.70 mm) machine guns planned

References

^ Green 1973, p. 188.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dorr and Bishop 1990, p. 41.
^ Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. p. 221. ISBN 0370100298.

Bibliography

Dorr, Robert F. and David Donald. Fighters of the United States Air Force. London: Temple, 1990. ISBN 0-600-55094-X.
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Fighters. Volume Four. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1973.
Jones, Lloyd S. U.S. Fighters: 1925-1980s. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1975. ISBN 0-8168-9200-8.

[1] Green 1973, p. 188.

[USFightersp41-2] Dorr and Bishop 1990, p. 41.

[Bowers-3] Bowers, Peter M. (1979). Curtiss aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam. p. 221. ISBN 0370100298.

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