Diploknema butyracea

Diploknema butyracea
	Chiuri Fruit in Panchkhal, Nepal
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Sapotaceae
Genus:	Diploknema
Species:	D. butyracea
Binomial name
	Diploknema butyracea; (Roxb.) H.J.Lam
Synonyms
	Aesandra butyracea (Roxb.) Baehni; Bassia butyracea Roxb.; Madhuca butyracea (Roxb.) J.F.Macbr.;

Diploknema butyracea (Nepali: चिउरी, Chiuri), the Nepali butter tree,^[2] or the Indian butter tree,^[1] is a multi purpose tree native to the foothills of the Himalayas. An estimated number of chiuri in Nepal has been given as approximately 10.8 million trees, geographically distributed in 46 districts. It is a large tree of family Sapotaceae, flowers during cold season and fruit ripens in June–July. It commonly occurs in the sub Himalayan tract between 300-1500m from sea level.

Uses

Fat is extracted from the seeds and named chiuri ghee or phulwara butter. D. butyracea is useful for block planting and also to be grown in the ravines of hills. The latex yielding plant such as D. butyracea suits to different edapho-climatic conditions and thus does not compete with the traditional crops. The chiuri tree has been utilised for many uses by rural households in Nepal. Ghee is used in daily cooking, as fuel for lamps, and body lotion; the fruit is eaten fresh and use for alcohol distillation, oil-cakes are utilised as manure, and the tree itself is used as firewood. Additionally, it also has significant cultural and livelihood associations with the Chepang community (Nepali:चेपांग) of Nepal and are given as dowry to daughters.^{[citation needed]}

Commercialization

Despite its importance, the tree is not farmed commercially and remains a gathered product by various peoples in the country. However, the annual policy and programme of Bagmati Provincial Government for the fiscal year 2023/24 features a chiuri conservation programme with local Chepang communities. For this purpose, the provincial government has allocated the equivalent of US$38,000 in Chitwan, Dhading and Makwanpur districts.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Diploknema butyracea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b Oli BN., Acharya B. and Baral H. (2024). "Chiuri (Nepali butter tree). A multipurpose species for landscape restoration, food security and livelihoods" (PDF). Technical Factsheet Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF).

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[GRIN-1] "Diploknema butyracea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 January 2018.

[:0-2] Oli BN., Acharya B. and Baral H. (2024). "Chiuri (Nepali butter tree). A multipurpose species for landscape restoration, food security and livelihoods" (PDF). Technical Factsheet Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF).

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