Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shahr-e Kord.[5] The province lies in the southwest of the country, with an area of 16,332 square kilometers.
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Persian: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری | |
|---|---|
 Location of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 31°58′N 50°29′E / 31.967°N 50.483°E[2] | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Region | Region 2[1] |
| Capital | Shahr-e Kord |
| Counties | 12 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Jafar Mardani |
| • Representative of the Supreme Leader | Abolhassan Fatemi |
| Area | |
| • Total | 16,332 km2 (6,306 sq mi) |
| Population (2016)[3] | |
| • Total | 947,763 |
| • Density | 58/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| Main language(s) | Luri language Persian Qashqai Turkish |
| HDI (2017) | 0.798[4] high · 13th |
The province was classified as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.[1]
Demographics
editLanguages
edit
Bakhtiāri, which belongs to the Luri language of the Iranian language family, is the province's main language. Bakhtiāri is primarily spoken in the valleys of the higher areas in the western half of the province. It is also spoken in the lower areas around Lordegān in the south, and by speakers who have moved into the cities in the north-east.[6]
In the north-east quarter of the province, people in most cities and villages speak either Chārmahāli (also in the Southwestern branch of Iranian) or Chaharmahali Turkic. Chārmahāli is transitional between Bakhtiari and Persian varieties of Isfahan province, but more similar to the latter. Chārmahāli varieties spoken in cities include Dehkordi (in Shahr-e Kord), Ghafarrokhi (in Farrokh Shahr), Heysheguni (in Hafshejān), and Borujeni (in Borujen). There are also many other varieties of Chārmahāli spoken in rural areas. Most types of Turkic spoken in this province are similar to Qashqa’i of Fars province, but they are transitional to the Āzarbāyjāni (Azerbaijani) language of north-west Iran. The Chārmahāli and Turkic language areas overlap with one another, and in the foothills of the Zagros and in the larger cities, they intermingle with Bakhtiāri as well.[6]
Tehrani-type Persian is now being taught by parents to children as a first language in some parts of the province, with the highest concentrations in the cities.[6]
The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) published a series of language maps for Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province, including a point-based and polygon (area-based) language distribution maps, and several linguistic data maps.[6]
Written descriptions of some of the Bakhtiāri varieties in the province.[8][9] and a lexicon of the Bakhtiāri language[10] have also been published.
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 843,784 in 194,171 households.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 895,263 people in 234,416 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 947,763 in 270,434 households.[3]
Administrative divisions
edit
The population history and structural changes of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Counties | 2006[11] | 2011[12] | 2016[3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ardal | 68,740 | 53,514 | 48,880 |
| Ben[b] | — | — | 28,326 |
| Borujen | 113,795 | 118,681 | 122,483 |
| Falard[c] | — | — | — |
| Farrokhshahr[d] | — | — | — |
| Farsan | 90,111 | 93,941 | 95,286 |
| Khanmirza[e] | — | — | — |
| Kiar[f] | — | 58,047 | 50,976 |
| Kuhrang | 33,468 | 35,915 | 41,535 |
| Lordegan | 175,289 | 194,783 | 209,681 |
| Saman[b] | — | — | 34,616 |
| Shahrekord | 362,381 | 340,382 | 315,980 |
| Total | 843,784 | 895,263 | 947,763 |
Cities
editAccording to the 2016 census, 607,444 people (over 64% of the population of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) live in the following cities:[3]
| City | Population |
|---|---|
| Aluni | 5,248 |
| Ardal | 10,113 |
| Babaheydar | 11,202 |
| Bazoft | 1,519 |
| Ben | 12,971 |
| Boldaji | 11,980 |
| Borujen | 57,071 |
| Chelgerd | 2,989 |
| Cholicheh | 4,945 |
| Dashtak | 4,016 |
| Dastana | 5,143 |
| Faradonbeh | 13,317 |
| Farrokh Shahr | 31,739 |
| Farsan | 30,504 |
| Gahru | 6,263 |
| Gandoman | 6,291 |
| Gujan | 6,179 |
| Hafshejan | 21,352 |
| Haruni | 3,601 |
| Junqan | 14,433 |
| Kaj | 4,227 |
| Kian | 12,948 |
| Lordegan | 40,528 |
| Mal-e Khalifeh | 4,024 |
| Manj | 1,492 |
| Nafech | 4,059 |
| Naghan | 6,125 |
| Naqneh | 9,923 |
| Pardanjan | 8,699 |
| Saman | 14,192 |
| Samsami | 1,203 |
| Sar Khun | 2,131 |
| Sardasht | 5,691 |
| Sefiddasht | 5,471 |
| Shahr-e Kord | 190,441 |
| Shalamzar | 6,899 |
| Sudjan | 5,581 |
| Sureshjan | 12,308 |
| Taqanak | 6,170 |
| Vardanjan | 4,456 |
Economy
editThe province is mainly active in the agriculture sector. Most of the industrial sector is clustered around the center of the province.
The province has the potential to become a vibrant tourist attraction because of its natural resources.[18]
Natural attractions
editChaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is the source and birthplace of many springs, rivers and waterfalls that supply the water of the two great and vital rivers of Zayanderud and Karoon and cause the development of many cities in the country. Natural attractions include Zayanderud river, Zamankhan bridge, Kouhrang 1 Dam, Dime spring, Sheik Ali Khan waterfall, Chama Ice cave, Darkesh varkesh canyon, Rostam Abad Sardab spring, Do Polan, Karoon-4 dam, Darreh Esgh (love valley), Atashgah waterfall, Choghakhor Wetland, Pire Ghar cave, Siasard spring, Helen protected area, Barm spring, Sendegan spring, Tang Sayyad national Park, Parvaz national park, Sarab cave, Gandoman wetland, Zard lime waterfall, Kordikon waterfall.[19]
Colleges and universities
edit- Islamic Azad University of Borujen
- Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch[20]
- Shahrekord University
- Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
See also
edit
Media related to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
edit- ^ Also romanized as Ostân-e Čahâr-Mahâl-o Baxtiyâri
- ^ a b Separated from Shahrekord County after the 2011 census[13]
- ^ Separated from Lordegan County after the 2016 census[14]
- ^ Separated from Shahrekord County after the 2016 census[15]
- ^ Separated from Lordegan County after the 2016 census[16]
- ^ Separated from Ardal County and Shahrekord County after the 2006 census[17]
References
edit- ^ a b "استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند". همشهری آنلاین. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (28 August 2024). "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province" (Map). openstreetmap.org (OpenStreetMap) (in Persian). Retrieved 28 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 24 May 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (30 September 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, centered in the city of Shahrekord. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Notification 82826/T124K. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ a b c d "Language distribution: Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province". Iran Atlas. Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ "Language distribution: Chahr Mahal va Bakhtiari Province". 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ Khosravi, Abdol’ali. 1996/1375. Guyesh-e Bakhtiāri: Ketāb-e chahārom [Bakhtiari dialect: Fourth book]. Esfahan: Nashr-e Ghazal.
- ^ Tāheri, Esfandyār. 2010/1389. Guyesh-e Bakhtiāri-ye Kuhrang [The Bakhtiari dialect of Kuhrang]. Tehran: IHCS Press.
- ^ Madadi, Zohrāb. 1996/1375. Vāzhehnāmeh-ye zabān-e Bakhtiāri [Lexicon of the Bakhtiari language]. Tehran & Esfahan: Enteshārāt-e Āyāt.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (21 October 1391) [Approved 29 September 1391]. Letter of approval regarding national divisions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 200671/T47661H. Archived from the original on 10 January 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2023 – via Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of Farabi Mobile Library.
- ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (10 August 1401) [Approved 21 April 1401]. The approval letter of the Board of Ministers regarding the national divisions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province was announced. dotic.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 64909/T58951H. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of Iran.
- ^ "Farrokhshahr, the twelfth county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province". khabaronline.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. 25 August 1402 [Approved 18 August 1402]. Archived from the original on 16 August 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2024 – via Khabar Online News Agency.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2019) [Approved 8 December 1397]. Approval letter regarding country divisions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 164881/T55510H. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2023) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Reforms of country divisions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Notification 58538/T26118AH. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ "Choghakhor to become a tourist hub by 2008". www.payvand.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "A trip to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari".
- ^ "Islamic Azad University Shahrekord Branch - About Shahrekord". 15 August 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
External links
edit- Official website of Chahar Mahaal and Bakhtiari Governorship
- Provincial Bureau for Budget, Planning, and Management (سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی)
- Shahrekord Municipality (شهرداری شهرکرد)
- Provincial Bureau for Telecommunications (شرکت مخابرات)
- Provincial Bureau of Industries and Mines
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Transportation (سازمان حمل و نقل و پایانهها)
- (in Persian) Provincial Bureau of Economics and Finance Affairs (سازمان امور اقتصادی و دارائی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Education (سازمان آموزش و پرورش) Archived 2007-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
- Provincial Bureau of Taavon (اداره کل تعاون)
- Provincial Department of Utilities (سازمان آب وفاضلاب روستایی)
- Shahrekord Central Post Office (اداره کل پست)
- Provincial Department of Medical Insurance (بیمه خدمات درمانی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Bureau of Agricultural Jihad (سازمان جهاد کشاورزی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Welfare Organization (سازمان بهزیستی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Department of Social Security (اداره کل تامین اجتماعی)
- (in Persian) Provincial Meteorological Service (اداره کل هواشناسی)
- Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiyari Attractions
- Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) - Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari