Casper is a city in and the county seat of Natrona County, Wyoming, United States.[7] Casper is the second-most populous city in the state after Cheyenne, with the population at 59,038 as of the 2020 census.[4] Casper is nicknamed "The Oil City" and has a long history of oil boomtown and cowboy culture, dating back to the development of the nearby Salt Creek Oil Field.
Casper, Wyoming | |
|---|---|
 Overview of downtown, looking south toward Casper Mountain, with North Platte River | |
 Flag  Seal  Logo | |
| Nickname: "The Oil City" | |
  Casper Location within Wyoming  Casper Location within the United States | |
| Coordinates: 42°51′0″N 106°19′30″W / 42.85000°N 106.32500°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State |  Wyoming |
| County | Natrona |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council–manager[1] |
| • City Manager | Carter Napier[2] |
| Area | |
| • City | 26.88 sq mi (69.62 km2) |
| • Land | 26.55 sq mi (68.76 km2) |
| • Water | 0.33 sq mi (0.86 km2) |
| Elevation | 5,150 ft (1,560 m) |
| Population | |
| • City | 59,038 |
| • Rank | US: 662nd WY: 2nd |
| • Density | 2,182.21/sq mi (842.55/km2) |
| • Urban | 64,548 (US: 424th) |
| • Metro | 79,955 (US: 378th) |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 82601–82602, 82604–82605, 82609, 82615, 82630, 82638, 82646 |
| Area code | 307 |
| FIPS code | 56-13150[5] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1586424[6] |
| Website | casperwy.gov |
Casper is located in east central Wyoming on the North Platte River.
History
editThe city was established east of the former site of Fort Caspar, in an area that grew for European settlers during the mid-19th century mass migration of land seekers along the Oregon, California, and Mormon trails,[8] where several nearby ferries offered passage across the North Platte River in the early 1840s. In 1859, Louis Guinard built a bridge and trading post near the original ferry locations, allowing overland travel to continue through the area.[9]
The government also posted the military garrison to protect telegraph and mail service. It was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William O. Collins.[8] Native American attacks increased after the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado in 1864, bringing more troops to the post, which was by now called Platte Bridge Station. In July 1865, Lt. Colonel William Collins' beloved son Lieutenant Caspar Collins was killed near the post by a group of Indian warriors, and three months later the garrison was renamed Fort Caspar in his son's honor.[8]
In 1867, the troops were ordered to abandon Fort Caspar in favor of Fort Fetterman, downstream on the North Platte along the Bozeman Trail. However, the town itself was settled twenty years later in 1887, and incorporated a year later by developers as an anticipated stopping point during the expansion of the Wyoming Central Railway.
A site a few miles east was planned as the original site,[10] where homesteader Joshua Stroud lived prior to the actual construction of the train station for the Chicago and North Western Railway.[11][12][13] The site was laid out by the Pioneer Town Site Company in 1888 and was known as Strouds, but the name Casper soon prevailed. While the name is derived from Fort Caspar and Lt. Caspar Collins, it is officially named "Casper" due to a typo occurring during the official registration.
Casper was an early commercial rival to both Bessemer and Douglas, Wyoming. The absence of a railhead doomed Bessemer in favor of Casper, while Douglas, also a railhead, survives to the present day. This rail presence also made Casper the starting off point for the "invaders" in the Johnson County War, since the chartered train carrying the men from Texas stopped at Casper.
In more recent history, the city received a significant influx of visitors during the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017, due to its position along the path of totality.[14]
Geography
edit
Interstate 25, which approaches Casper from the north and east, is the main avenue of transportation to and from the city. The towns immediately adjacent to Casper are Mills, Evansville, and Bar Nunn. Unincorporated areas include Allendale, Dempsey Acres, Red Buttes, Indian Springs, and several others.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.24 square miles (70.55 km2), of which 26.90 square miles (69.67 km2) is land and 0.34 square miles (0.88 km2) is water.[15]
Climate
editCasper, as with most of the rest of Wyoming, has a continental semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSk), with long, cold, but dry winters, hot but generally dry summers, mild springs, and short and crisp autumns. Normal daily maxima range from 35.2 °F (1.8 °C) in January to 89.0 °F (31.7 °C) in July. Snow can fall heavily during the winter and early to mid-spring months, and usually falls in May and October. Precipitation is greatest in spring and early summer, but even then it is not high. Highs reach 90 °F (32.2 °C) on 37.8 days per year and fail to surpass freezing on 41.3. Lows drop to 0 °F (−17.8 °C) on an average of 14.6 nights annually. The highest temperature recorded in Casper was 104 °F (40.0 °C) on July 12, 1954, July 16, 2005, and July 29, 2006, while the lowest temperature recorded was −42 °F (−41.1 °C) on December 22, 2022.[16]
| Climate data for Casper, Wyoming (Casper-Natrona County International Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 60 (16) |
68 (20) |
77 (25) |
84 (29) |
95 (35) |
102 (39) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
100 (38) |
87 (31) |
73 (23) |
66 (19) |
104 (40) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 50.8 (10.4) |
55.1 (12.8) |
68.1 (20.1) |
76.9 (24.9) |
85.4 (29.7) |
94.3 (34.6) |
99.1 (37.3) |
96.9 (36.1) |
91.9 (33.3) |
80.1 (26.7) |
65.7 (18.7) |
52.8 (11.6) |
99.5 (37.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 35.2 (1.8) |
37.8 (3.2) |
48.8 (9.3) |
56.3 (13.5) |
66.8 (19.3) |
79.6 (26.4) |
89.0 (31.7) |
86.7 (30.4) |
75.6 (24.2) |
59.7 (15.4) |
45.9 (7.7) |
34.7 (1.5) |
59.7 (15.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 25.1 (−3.8) |
26.6 (−3.0) |
35.8 (2.1) |
42.3 (5.7) |
52.0 (11.1) |
62.5 (16.9) |
71.0 (21.7) |
69.0 (20.6) |
58.9 (14.9) |
45.3 (7.4) |
34.0 (1.1) |
24.8 (−4.0) |
45.6 (7.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 15.0 (−9.4) |
15.4 (−9.2) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
28.2 (−2.1) |
37.1 (2.8) |
45.4 (7.4) |
53.0 (11.7) |
51.4 (10.8) |
42.2 (5.7) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
22.0 (−5.6) |
14.8 (−9.6) |
31.5 (−0.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −12.2 (−24.6) |
−10.0 (−23.3) |
3.3 (−15.9) |
13.8 (−10.1) |
24.5 (−4.2) |
37.4 (3.0) |
42.9 (6.1) |
40.0 (4.4) |
29.1 (−1.6) |
13.9 (−10.1) |
−2.6 (−19.2) |
−11.5 (−24.2) |
−20.8 (−29.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −40 (−40) |
−32 (−36) |
−25 (−32) |
−6 (−21) |
16 (−9) |
25 (−4) |
30 (−1) |
29 (−2) |
16 (−9) |
−9 (−23) |
−27 (−33) |
−42 (−41) |
−42 (−41) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.49 (12) |
0.56 (14) |
0.84 (21) |
1.41 (36) |
2.21 (56) |
1.34 (34) |
1.19 (30) |
0.79 (20) |
0.95 (24) |
1.19 (30) |
0.64 (16) |
0.61 (15) |
12.22 (308) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.0 (23) |
10.9 (28) |
10.3 (26) |
10.5 (27) |
2.6 (6.6) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.5 (3.8) |
7.0 (18) |
8.9 (23) |
11.0 (28) |
71.8 (183.65) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 90.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.1 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 5.6 | 7.6 | 45.5 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 204.6 | 172.3 | 269.7 | 300.0 | 334.8 | 354.0 | 368.9 | 368.9 | 333.0 | 217.0 | 204.0 | 198.4 | 3,325.6 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.6 | 6.1 | 8.7 | 10 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 7 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 9.1 |
| Mean daily daylight hours | 9.5 | 10.6 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 12.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 69 | 58 | 73 | 75 | 73 | 77 | 79 | 86 | 89 | 64 | 70 | 70 | 74 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| Source 1: NOAA,[17] Weather Atlas (sun data)[18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: National Weather Service[16] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 40 | — | |
| 1890 | 544 | 1,260.0% | |
| 1900 | 883 | 62.3% | |
| 1910 | 2,639 | 198.9% | |
| 1920 | 11,447 | 333.8% | |
| 1930 | 16,619 | 45.2% | |
| 1940 | 17,964 | 8.1% | |
| 1950 | 23,673 | 31.8% | |
| 1960 | 38,930 | 64.4% | |
| 1970 | 39,361 | 1.1% | |
| 1980 | 51,016 | 29.6% | |
| 1990 | 46,742 | −8.4% | |
| 2000 | 49,644 | 6.2% | |
| 2010 | 55,316 | 11.4% | |
| 2020 | 59,038 | 6.7% | |
| Source:[19][20] | |||
2010 census
editAs of the census[21] of 2010, there were 55,316 people, 22,794 households, and 14,237 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,056.4 inhabitants per square mile (794.0/km2). There were 24,536 housing units at an average density of 912.1 per square mile (352.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.3% White, 1.0% African American, 0.9% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 2.3% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 7.4% of the population.
There were 22,794 households, of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.5% were non-families. Of all households 30.3% were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.95.
The median age in the city was 36 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 12.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.7% male and 50.3% female.
2000 census
editAs of the census[5] of 2000, there were 49,644 people, 20,343 households, and 13,141 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,073.2 people per square mile (800.5 people/km2). There were 21,872 housing units at an average density of 913.4 per square mile (352.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.03% White, 0.86% Black, 1.00% Native American, 0.49% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.04% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. 5.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 20,343 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. Of all households 29.1% were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.94.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $36,567, and the median income for a family was $46,267. Males had a median income of $34,905 versus $21,810 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,409. About 8.5% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
editCasper is a regional center of banking and commerce.
After the discovery of crude oil in the region during the 1890s, Casper became the regional petroleum industry center. Oil has figured prominently in its history from nearly the outset. Oil was first discovered in the famous Salt Creek Oil Field in 1889, approximately 40 miles (64 km) north of Casper; the first refinery in Casper was built in 1895. The city has featured a refinery ever since, although various refineries have been built and closed over the years. As recently as the early 1980s, the city was near or home to three refineries. The surviving one, operated by Sinclair Oil Corporation, is located nearby in Evansville. Development of Wyoming coal and uranium fields in recent decades has helped Casper continue its role as a center in the energy industry.
Casper Wind Farm began operations near Casper in Natrona County and has 11 turbines with a generating capacity of 16.5 MW.[22] Energy Transportation Inc. is headquartered in Casper. This logistics firm transports overweight and outsized components used in the wind power industry.[23] The Casper landfill is also a disposal site for windmill blades.[24]
Education
editCasper is home to Casper College, a community college that offers bachelor's degrees in sixteen areas of study from the University of Wyoming through their UW/CC Center.[25]
Public education in the city of Casper is provided by Natrona County School District #1, the sole school district for the county.[26] The district operates sixteen elementary schools, five middle schools, and three high schools in Casper. The high schools are Kelly Walsh, Natrona County, and Roosevelt High Schools. A program called CAPS is being added to Natrona County School District, which will provide more space and classrooms for juniors and seniors at the three high schools.
Casper has a public library, a branch of the Natrona County Public Library System.[27]
Media
editCasper is served by one print newspaper, the Casper Star-Tribune, a daily, and until recently the Casper Journal, published weekly. Casper is also home to WyoFile, an online publication focusing on state issues[28] and Oil City News, an online news and media site.[29] Casper is served by 30 radio stations on FM and AM. KTWO 1030 AM is the state's oldest radio station.[30] For television, Casper is served by the following stations: KTWO-TV (channel 2) is affiliated with ABC, KCWY (channel 13) is affiliated with NBC (with The CW on DT2), KGWC-TV (channel 14) is affiliated with CBS, and KFNB (channel 20) is affiliated with Fox. Casper also has a member station of PBS, KPTW, on channel 8. [31] Almost all of the city's FM stations and all of its TV stations broadcast from Casper Mountain south of the city.
Sports
edit- UFC 6 took place at the Casper Events Center in 1995.
- Casper hosted the AIFA Championship Bowl III at the Casper Events Center on July 26, 2009.[32][33]
- The Events Center has hosted the College National Finals Rodeo since 2001.
- The Casper Recreation Center offers basketball, fitness, racquetball, volleyball and is adjacent to the Casper Family Aquatics Center and Casper Ice Arena.[34]
- Soccer matches are held at the Casper Soccer Complex.[35]
- The Casper Municipal Golf Course is a public 27-hole golf course in Casper.[36]
Sports teams based in Casper include:
- Casper Cannibal RFC, an amateur rugby football team in the Eastern Rockies Rugby Football Union
- Casper Coyotes were a Junior A hockey team in the Western States Hockey League (WSHL) that played out of the Casper Ice Arena. They renamed to Casper Bobcats for the 2018–2019 season and folded before the 2019–2020 season.[37][38][39]
- Casper Ghosts (formerly). From 2001 to 2011, Mike Lansing Field hosted the Ghosts of the Pioneer League, Rookie-level affiliate of the Colorado Rockies. In 2011, the team relocated to Grand Junction, Colorado to become the Rockies.
- Casper Horseheads (formerly). From 2018 to 2022 the Horseheads, a collegiate summer baseball team of Independence League Baseball, played their home games at Mike Lansing Field before closing operations.
- Casper Spuds, a collegiate summer baseball team of Independence League Baseball that started play in the summer of 2023, after relocating from Caldwell, Idaho, playing their home games at Mike Lansing Field.
Culture
editMuseums and historical sites
edit
Casper is home to a number of museums and historical sites:
- Fort Caspar Museum and Historic Site[40]
- National Historic Trails Interpretive Center, a federally funded and operated museum[41]
- Nicolaysen Art Museum[42]
- Tate Geological Museum at Casper College[43]
- Werner Wildlife Museum[44]
- Wyoming Veterans Memorial Museum[45]
- The Science Zone[46]
- Historic Bishop Home[47]
Performing arts and music
edit
Casper has three locations offering theater: the Gertrude Krampert Theatre at Casper College, Stage III Community Theatre, and the Casper Events Center[48] where an annual series of touring Broadway shows, Broadway in Casper, can be seen.
Casper is home to the Troopers,[49] a drum and bugle corps in Drum Corps International, and the Wyoming Symphony Orchestra.[50] During the summer months, Casper's City Band performs free concerts Thursday evenings at Washington Park, weather permitting.[48]
Architecture
editWyoming National Bank, a mid-century modern tower, was designed by Charles Deaton and is featured in Casper's logo.[51]
Transportation
editHighways
edit
I-25 – North-South Interstate running from Las Cruces, New Mexico to its terminus at I-90 in Buffalo, Wyoming.
US 20 – East–west route through Casper that runs concurrent with I-25 through Casper. At exit 189 the highway continues west out of Casper, and no longer runs concurrent with the interstate. The business route of US 20 follows North Beverly Street and Yellowstone Highway going east–west from I-25/US 87 (Exit 186) to U.S. 20–26 west of Casper in Mills.
US 26 – East–west route through Casper that runs concurrent with I-25 through Casper. At exit 189 the highway continues west out of Casper, and no longer runs concurrent with the interstate. The business route of US 26 follows North McKinley Street and Yellowstone Highway going east–west from I-25/US 87 (Exit 187) to U.S. 20–26 west of Casper in Mills.
US 87 – North-South through Casper that runs concurrent with I-25 through Casper.
WYO 220 (North Poplar Street, CY Avenue) – East–west route from I-25/US 87 (Exit 188B) west out of Casper towards Alcova.
WYO 251 (Wolcott Street, Casper Mountain Road) – North–south route that continues south out of Casper and up Casper Mountain, eventually ending at WYO 487.
WYO 252 (South Poplar Street) – North–south route from the intersection of Poplar Street and CY avenue to Casper Mountain Road.
WYO 254 (Salt Creek Hwy.) – North–south route from I-25/US 87 south to US 20-26 (Yellowstone Highway) in Mills.
WYO 255 (Center Street, 9th Strert, CY Avenue) – North–south route from I-25 exit 188A to the intersection of South Poplar Street and CY Avenue, where CY Avenue continues as WY 220.
WYO 258 (Wyoming Blvd.) – East-West loop route from I-25/US 87 to US 20-26 west of Casper in Mills; the majority of the highway runs along the southern borders of Casper.
Airports
editThe city has scheduled air service at Casper–Natrona County International Airport, a former army air base built during World War II. The runways are large, having been built for bombers. It replaced a regional airport north of Casper which later became the town of Bar Nunn, Wyoming. The airport is located west of the city just off of US Highway 20/26. In July 2004, the airport facilities were renovated.[52] Passenger service at the airport is offered by United Express (SkyWest Airlines and GoJet Airlines), and Delta Connection (SkyWest Airlines). FedEx Express and FedEx Feeder provide cargo airline service to the airport.
Public transit
editPublic transit in the Casper area had been provided by the Casper Area Transportation Coalition but is now offered by the city of Casper as Casper Area Transit.[53] They offer fixed route service called Casper Area LINK and an on-request service called ASSIST from Monday to Saturday.
Scheduled bus service
editScheduled bus service once offered by Power River Bus Lines is now offered by ExpressArrow (formerly Black Hills Stages).
Notable people
edit- Logan Wilson (born 1996), Linebacker for the Cincinnati Bengals
- John Barrasso (born 1952), Republican U.S. Senator from Wyoming[54]
- Zane Beadles (born 1986), former Utah Ute offensive lineman; former member of the San Francisco 49ers[55]
- C. J. Box (born 1958), author
- Tom Brewer (born 1958), member of the Nebraska Legislature
- Tom Browning (1960-2022), former major league pitcher; threw perfect game; while with the Cincinnati Reds, won a World Series[56]
- Taven Bryan (born 1996), professional football player
- Dick Cheney (born 1941), US vice-president, Secretary of Defense; CEO of Halliburton Company; grew up in Casper
- Liz Cheney (born 1966), lawyer; member of U.S. State Department; daughter of Dick Cheney; attended elementary school in Casper; elected to the U.S. House of Representatives
- Lynne Cheney (born 1941), wife of former Vice President Dick Cheney
- Tom Coburn (1948–2020), U.S. Senator from Oklahoma
- Barbara Cubin (born 1946), former member of the U.S. House of Representatives; grew up and graduated from high school in Casper
- Mike Devereaux (born 1963), professional baseball player with World Series rings with Los Angeles Dodgers and Atlanta Braves
- Ron Franscell (born 1957), journalist, crime author
- Mary Meyer Gilmore (born 1947), former Democratic member of the Wyoming House of Representatives
- Rick Koerber (born 1973), convicted felon who was found guilty in federal court of orchestrating and running a $100 million Ponzi scheme[57]
- Marlan Scully (born 1939), physicist best known for his work in theoretical quantum optics
- Matthew Scully (born 1959), author, speechwriter
- Matthew Shepard (born 1976), murder victim for whom the Matthew Shepard Hate Crime Act is named
- Patrick Joseph Sullivan (1864–1935), mayor of Casper, Wyoming, 1897–1898; member of United States Senate from Wyoming, 1929–1930[58]
- Floyd Volker (1921–1995), professional basketball player
- Pete Williams (born 1952), NBC News journalist covering the U.S. Justice Department.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "City Council and Manager - City of Casper". City of Casper. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ^ "City Manager - City of Casper". Casperwy.gov. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ a b "2020 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b c Fifer, Barbara. Wyoming's Historic Forts. Farcountry Press. pp. 59–68.
- ^ "Platte River Fords". Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
- ^ "Casper Star-Tribune 19 Feb 1950, page 202".
- ^ A History of the Origin of the Place Names in Nine Northwestern States. 1908. p. 128.
- ^ "Wyoming Place Names". Annals of Wyoming. 15 (1): 85–90. January 1943.
- ^ A History of the Chicago & North Western Railway System. 1910. p. 160.
- ^ Christine Peterson. "More than a million people may have visited Wyoming for eclipse; one person came by sea plane". Trib.com. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ a b "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
- ^ "Casper, Wyoming - Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
- ^ "Historical Decennial Census Population for Wyoming Counties, Cities, and Towns". Wyoming Department of State / U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
- ^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 338.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "Rocky Mountain Power's Wind Projects." Rocky Mountain Power. 2010. PDF Archived January 3, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Transporting wind turbine components[permanent dead link]
- ^ Martin, Chris (February 7, 2020). "Wind Turbine Blades Can't Be Recycled, So They're Piling Up in Landfills". Yahoo. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
- ^ "UW: Bachelors Degree and Certificate Programs". University of Wyoming. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Natrona County, WY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 13, 2024. - Text list
- ^ "Wyoming Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- ^ "About". WyoFile. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
- ^ "The Scoop On Oil City News". Oil City News. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
- ^ "Radio stations in Casper, Wyoming". Radio-Locator.com. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
- ^ "Market 226". Rabbitears.info. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
- ^ "Casper Events Center". City of Casper. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- ^ "Wyoming Cavalry News & Events". Wyoming Cavalry. Archived from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- ^ "Casper Recreation Center". visitcasper.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ "Casper Soccer Complex". visitcasper.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ "Casper Municipal Golf Course". visitcasper.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2019.
- ^ "Casper Coyotes – Casper Coyotes Junior Hockey". Caspercoyotes.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
- ^ Nowlin, Jack. "Casper will get another Western States Hockey League team". Casper Star-Tribune Online. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
- ^ LaChance, Brendan (October 2, 2019). "Casper Bobcats won't play hockey this winter". Oil City News. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
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