Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit

CACNA1H
Identifiers
Aliases	CACNA1H, CACNA1HB, Cav3.2, ECA6, EIG6, calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H, HALD4
External IDs	OMIM: 607904; MGI: 1928842; HomoloGene: 56913; GeneCards: CACNA1H; OMA:CACNA1H - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	1,221,771 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (mouse)
End	25,652,757 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	muscle layer of sigmoid colon; ; left ovary; ; right ovary; ; gastric mucosa; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; body of uterus; ; left uterine tube; ; right coronary artery; ; anterior pituitary;
	Top expressed in
	neural layer of retina; ; seminiferous tubule; ; olfactory tubercle; ; spermatocyte; ; spermatid; ; saccule; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; nucleus accumbens; ; dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell; ; internal carotid artery;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	voltage-gated calcium channel activity; calcium channel activity; scaffold protein binding; metal ion binding; ion channel activity; voltage-gated sodium channel activity; voltage-gated ion channel activity; protein binding; low voltage-gated calcium channel activity;
Cellular component	voltage-gated calcium channel complex; integral component of membrane; membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; plasma membrane;
Biological process	muscle contraction; membrane depolarization during action potential; regulation of heart contraction; aldosterone biosynthetic process; regulation of membrane potential; regulation of ion transmembrane transport; muscle organ development; cortisol biosynthetic process; ion transport; positive regulation of acrosome reaction; cellular response to hormone stimulus; calcium ion transmembrane transport; transmembrane transport; myoblast fusion; cellular response to potassium ion; calcium ion transport; neuronal action potential; positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis; sodium ion transmembrane transport; calcium ion import; inorganic cation transmembrane transport; ion transmembrane transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8912
	58226
	ENSG00000196557
	ENSMUSG00000024112
	O95180
	O88427
	NM_001005407; NM_021098
	NM_001163691; NM_021415
	NP_001005407; NP_066921
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit, also known as CACNA1H, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1H gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

This gene encodes Ca_v3.2, a T-type member of the α₁ subunit family, a protein in the voltage-dependent calcium channel complex. Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization and consist of a complex of α₁, α₂δ, β, and γ subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. The α₁ subunit has 24 transmembrane segments and forms the pore through which ions pass into the cell. There are multiple isoforms of each of the proteins in the complex, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized for the gene described here.^[5]

Clinical significance

Studies suggest certain mutations in this gene lead to childhood absence epilepsy (CAE).^[8] Variants of Ca_v3.2 with increased channel activity contribute to susceptibility to idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), but are not sufficient to induce epilepsy on their own.^[9] The SFARIgene database lists CACNA1H with an autism score of 2.1, indicating a candidate causal relationship with autism.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196557 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024112 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: CACNA1H calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit".
^ Cribbs LL, Lee JH, Yang J, Satin J, Zhang Y, Daud A, Barclay J, Williamson MP, Fox M, Rees M, Perez-Reyes E (July 1998). "Cloning and characterization of alpha1H from human heart, a member of the T-type Ca2+ channel gene family". Circ. Res. 83 (1): 103–9. doi:10.1161/01.res.83.1.103. PMID 9670923.
^ Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099. S2CID 10386627.
^ Chen Y, Lu J, Pan H, Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu K, Liu X, Jiang Y, Bao X, Yao Z, Ding K, Lo WH, Qiang B, Chan P, Shen Y, Wu X (August 2003). "Association between genetic variation of CACNA1H and childhood absence epilepsy". Ann. Neurol. 54 (2): 239–43. doi:10.1002/ana.10607. PMID 12891677. S2CID 33233159.
^ Heron SE, Khosravani H, Varela D, Bladen C, Williams TC, Newman MR, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Mulley JC, Zamponi GW (December 2007). "Extended spectrum of idiopathic generalized epilepsies associated with CACNA1H functional variants". Ann. Neurol. 62 (6): 560–8. doi:10.1002/ana.21169. hdl:1880/106734. PMID 17696120. S2CID 33737531.

External links

Human CACNA1H genome location and CACNA1H gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Crunelli V, Tóth TI, Cope DW, et al. (2005). "The 'window' T-type calcium current in brain dynamics of different behavioural states". J. Physiol. 562 (Pt 1): 121–9. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.076273. PMC 1665496. PMID 15498803.
Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (2006). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099. S2CID 10386627.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
Cribbs LL, Lee JH, Yang J, et al. (1998). "Cloning and characterization of alpha1H from human heart, a member of the T-type Ca2+ channel gene family". Circ. Res. 83 (1): 103–9. doi:10.1161/01.res.83.1.103. PMID 9670923.
Williams ME, Washburn MS, Hans M, et al. (1999). "Structure and functional characterization of a novel human low-voltage activated calcium channel". J. Neurochem. 72 (2): 791–9. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720791.x. PMID 9930755. S2CID 10319699.
Perez-Reyes E, Lee JH, Cribbs LL (1999). "Molecular characterization of two members of the T-type calcium channel family". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 868 (1): 131–43. Bibcode:1999NYASA.868..131P. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11283.x. PMID 10414291. S2CID 19893354.
Bijlenga P, Liu JH, Espinos E, et al. (2000). "T-type alpha 1H Ca2+ channels are involved in Ca2+ signaling during terminal differentiation (fusion) of human myoblasts". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (13): 7627–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.13.7627. PMC 16596. PMID 10861024.
Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, et al. (2001). "Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797.
Jagannathan S, Punt EL, Gu Y, et al. (2002). "Identification and localization of T-type voltage-operated calcium channel subunits in human male germ cells. Expression of multiple isoforms". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8449–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105345200. PMID 11751928.
Mariot P, Vanoverberghe K, Lalevee N, et al. (2002). "Overexpression of an alpha 1H (Cav3.2) T-type calcium channel during neuroendocrine differentiation of human prostate cancer cells" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 277 (13): 10824–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108754200. PMID 11799114.
Chemin J, Monteil A, Perez-Reyes E, et al. (2002). "Specific contribution of human T-type calcium channel isotypes (alpha(1G), alpha(1H) and alpha(1I)) to neuronal excitability". J. Physiol. 540 (Pt 1): 3–14. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013269. PMC 2290209. PMID 11927664.
Shin JB, Martinez-Salgado C, Heppenstall PA, Lewin GR (2003). "A T-type calcium channel required for normal function of a mammalian mechanoreceptor". Nat. Neurosci. 6 (7): 724–30. doi:10.1038/nn1076. PMID 12808460. S2CID 10255854.
Wolfe JT, Wang H, Howard J, et al. (2003). "T-type calcium channel regulation by specific G-protein betagamma subunits". Nature. 424 (6945): 209–13. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..209W. doi:10.1038/nature01772. PMID 12853961. S2CID 4414712.
Kaku T, Lee TS, Arita M, et al. (2004). "The gating and conductance properties of Cav3.2 low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels". Jpn. J. Physiol. 53 (3): 165–72. doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.53.165. PMID 14529577.
Welsby PJ, Wang H, Wolfe JT, et al. (2003). "A mechanism for the direct regulation of T-type calcium channels by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II". J. Neurosci. 23 (31): 10116–21. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-31-10116.2003. PMC 6740846. PMID 14602827.
Chen CC, Lamping KG, Nuno DW, et al. (2003). "Abnormal coronary function in mice deficient in alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channels". Science. 302 (5649): 1416–8. doi:10.1126/science.1089268. PMID 14631046. S2CID 86685922.
Khosravani H, Altier C, Simms B, et al. (2004). "Gating effects of mutations in the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel associated with childhood absence epilepsy". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (11): 9681–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.C400006200. PMID 14729682.
Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16" (PDF). Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10.1038/nature03187. PMID 15616553.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000196557 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024112 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: CACNA1H calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit".

[pmid9670923-6] Cribbs LL, Lee JH, Yang J, Satin J, Zhang Y, Daud A, Barclay J, Williamson MP, Fox M, Rees M, Perez-Reyes E (July 1998). "Cloning and characterization of alpha1H from human heart, a member of the T-type Ca2+ channel gene family". Circ. Res. 83 (1): 103–9. doi:10.1161/01.res.83.1.103. PMID 9670923.

[pmid16382099-7] Catterall WA, Perez-Reyes E, Snutch TP, Striessnig J (December 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. XLVIII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated calcium channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 57 (4): 411–25. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.5. PMID 16382099. S2CID 10386627.

[pmid12891677-8] Chen Y, Lu J, Pan H, Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu K, Liu X, Jiang Y, Bao X, Yao Z, Ding K, Lo WH, Qiang B, Chan P, Shen Y, Wu X (August 2003). "Association between genetic variation of CACNA1H and childhood absence epilepsy". Ann. Neurol. 54 (2): 239–43. doi:10.1002/ana.10607. PMID 12891677. S2CID 33233159.

[pmid17696120-9] Heron SE, Khosravani H, Varela D, Bladen C, Williams TC, Newman MR, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Mulley JC, Zamponi GW (December 2007). "Extended spectrum of idiopathic generalized epilepsies associated with CACNA1H functional variants". Ann. Neurol. 62 (6): 560–8. doi:10.1002/ana.21169. hdl:1880/106734. PMID 17696120. S2CID 33737531.

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Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit

Contents

Function

Clinical significance

See also

References

External links

Further reading