Betta coccina is a species of betta native to Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia.[1] It grows to a length of 5.6 cm (2.2 in). It can be found in the aquarium trade.[2] Betta coccina, commonly known as the wine red betta or red fighting fish, is a species of freshwater fish in the family Osphronemidae.[3] It is endemic to the peat swamps of Indonesia and Malaysia, where it inhabits acidic, slow-moving waters. The species is known for its striking red coloration and relatively peaceful temperament compared to other Betta species.[3]
| Betta coccina | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Anabantiformes |
| Family: | Osphronemidae |
| Genus: | Betta |
| Species: | B. coccina
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| Binomial name | |
| Betta coccina Vierke, 1979
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Taxonomy
editBetta coccina was first described by Jacobus Johannes Hoedeman in 1951. It belongs to the Betta genus, which comprises over 70 species known for their ability to breathe atmospheric oxygen through a labyrinth organ.[4]
Distribution & Habitat
editBetta coccina is native to the peat swamp forests of Southeast Asia, particularly in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. These habitats are characterized by soft, acidic waters with a high concentration of humic substances.[5]
Physical Description
editBetta coccina exhibits a deep red coloration with iridescent scales and blue or green highlights on the fins. Males are typically more vibrant than females and possess longer fins. The average size of Betta coccina is around 5 cm (2 inches) in length.[6]
Behaviour
editUnlike the well-known Betta splendens, Betta coccina is less aggressive and can be kept in small groups if provided with ample space and hiding spots.[7] They exhibit bubble-nesting behavior, where males build floating nests out of bubbles for egg incubation.[7]
Diet
editIn the wild, Betta coccina feeds on small invertebrates, zooplankton, and insect larvae. In captivity, they accept a variety of foods, including live, frozen, and prepared diets designed for carnivorous fish.[8]
Breeding
editBetta coccina can be bred in captivity with proper care.[9] Breeding involves conditioning the fish with high-quality foods, followed by providing a suitable environment for the male to construct a bubble nest. Females lay eggs in the nest, and males guard and tend to the eggs until they hatch.[9]
Conservation Status
editBetta coccina is not currently listed on the IUCN Red List, but its natural habitats are under threat due to deforestation, pollution, and habitat conversion for agricultural use.[10] Conservation efforts are needed to protect the remaining peat swamp forests and the biodiversity they support.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b Low, B.W. (2019). "Betta coccina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T91309333A91309356. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T91309333A91309356.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Betta coccina". FishBase. February 2014 version.
- ^ a b Rüber, Lukas (2009-04-23), "Labyrinth fishes (Anabantoidei)", The Timetree of Life, Oxford University PressOxford, pp. 344–347, doi:10.1093/oso/9780199535033.003.0046, ISBN 978-0-19-953503-3, retrieved 2024-07-22
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (November 1994). "Fishbase as a tool for comparing the life history patterns of flatfish". Netherlands Journal of Sea Research. 32 (3–4): 235–239. doi:10.1016/0077-7579(94)90001-9. ISSN 0077-7579.
- ^ Murdy, Edward O.; Kottelat, Maurice; Whitten, Anthony J.; Kartikasari, Nurani; Wirjoatmodjo, Soetikno (1994-08-17). "Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi". Copeia. 1994 (3): 830. doi:10.2307/1447208. ISSN 0045-8511. JSTOR 1447208.
- ^ Jaroensutasinee, M (May 2001). "Bubble nest habitat characteristics of wild Siamese fighting fish". Journal of Fish Biology. 58 (5): 1311–1319. doi:10.1006/jfbi.2000.1538. ISSN 0022-1112.
- ^ a b "Barron's E-Z Microbiology. By René Fester Kratz. Hauppauge (New York): Barron's Educational Series. $18.99 (paper). ix + 542 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-7641-4456-1. [Previous edition entitled Microbiology the Easy Way, 2005.] 2011". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 86 (4): 355. December 2012. doi:10.1086/662474. ISSN 0033-5770.
- ^ Axelrod, Herbert R. (1968-08-31). "Breeding Aquarium Fishes". Copeia. 1968 (3): 651. doi:10.2307/1442055. ISSN 0045-8511. JSTOR 1442055.
- ^ a b Yanong, Roy P.E.; Lewbart, Gregory A. (2024-03-05), "Aquarium Fish Families and Species", The Aquarium Fish Medicine Handbook, Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 1–35, doi:10.1201/9781003057727-1, ISBN 978-1-003-05772-7, retrieved 2024-07-23
- ^ a b Kottelat, Maurice; Whitten, Tony (1996-09-30). "Freshwater biodiversity in Asia". World Bank Technical Papers. doi:10.1596/0-8213-3808-0. ISBN 978-0-8213-3808-7. ISSN 0253-7494.
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