Bsharri District (often spelled Bsharre, Bcharre or Bcharreh) is one of the 7 districts (qadaa, قضاء) of the North Governorate, Lebanon.
Bsharri District | |
|---|---|
District | |
 Kadisha valley, Bsharri District | |
 Location in Lebanon | |
| Country |  Lebanon |
| Governorate | North Governorate |
| Capital | Bsharri |
| Area | |
• Total | 60 sq mi (156 km2) |
| Population | |
• Estimate (31 December 2017) | 28,231 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
Overview and geography
editSurrounded by mountains, the Bsharri District sits on cliffs. The district is bordered by the Zgharta and Miniyeh-Danniyeh Districts to the north, the Koura District to the west, the Baalbek District to the east, and the Batroun District to the south.
This district is a cluster of 26 villages. most of them are 1,000 meters above sea level and higher. Withion the district is one of the most important landmarks to Eastern Christianity and Maronite history - Qannubin Monastery. The major part of the Kadisha Valley, known as Qannoubine Valley is where Hermits have resided since around the year 600 C.E., the last being Father Antonios Tarabay (fr), whose file at the Vatican is progressing toward beatification. He lived most of his life in the ancient Monastery of Saint Elisha located in a grotto deep in the Qannoubine Valley. In this valley, there are more than 26 monasteries all more than 1,000 years old. The top part of the valley is the location of the legendary cedar forest, the Cedars of God.
Demographics
editAs of 2022, the religious make-up of the District's 50,894 voters were roughly 94% Maronite Catholics, 3% Greek Orthodox, 2% other Christian Minorities, and 1% Greek Catholic.[1]
Population
editThe population of the district was estimated to be 76,831 by the Ministry of Social Affairs.[2] The capital of the district is Bsharri. The Ministry's estimate lacks credibility. According to the Daily Star, an English language Lebanese newspaper, a total of 40,000 people in the district voted in the 2005 elections. In addition, the Ministry of Social Affairs[3] estimates that 39% of the Lebanese population was under 20 years of age which meant they were not eligible to vote and a 60% participation rate. Considering these factors the population may be more realistically estimated at 100,000 people.[citation needed]
Religion and history
editThe Bsharri district is populated by more than 94% Maronite Christian. Having some 37 churches, Bsharri is sometimes called the "City of Churches."[4] Five saints recognized by the Catholic Church hailed from Lebanon. The most prominent is Saint Charbel from Bekaa Kafra, the town with the highest elevation in the district.[5] Many people from Lebanon and other countries in the world greatly honor Saint Charbel, known for his miracles of healing for Christians, Muslims, and those from all religious backgrounds who visit his hometown, seeking his intercession.[6]
Bsharri has deep religious roots for Christianity, as Maronites used the caves within the cliffs to hide and escape religious persecution. These caves could not be reached by horses or heavily armed soldiers. The area survived several invasions including the Mamluk Sultanate invasion that was known for its brutality. This Maronite stronghold became a refuge for persecuted Christians in the area, due to its geographic characteristics with protective mountains for all the towns around the valley. During winter, the snow covers the mountains, and this further isolates the area as it becomes accessible only from two entrances at the beginning of Kadisha valley, which translates to the "Holy Valley."[7] This location played a crucial and historical role through the years for the persecuted Maronites who fled to Bsharri.[8][9]
Cedars of Lebanon
edit
The Cedars of Lebanon are also known as the Cedars of God and are mentioned 103[10] times in the Bible. Historically, the timber of these trees was exploited by numerous empires that crossed Lebanon, including the Phoenicians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Turks, Romans, Arabs, Israelites, Persians, and Babylonians.[11] The trees were used by King Solomon to build the Temple in Jerusalem and by the Phoenicians to build merchant ships; the resin was used by the Egyptians for mummification.[12] The cedars forest used to grow and thrive across Mount Lebanon but sadly today they are endangered as only 375 trees remain.[13] The cedar tree on the Lebanese flag represents a national symbol, as Lebanon is referred to as the Land of the Cedars[14] and symbolizes eternity, prosperity, and steadiness.[15]
Notable people
editCharbel Makhlouf, Maronite monk and priest known as the Miracle Monk of Lebanon was born in Bekaa Kafra.
Khalil Gibran, a writer, painter, sculptor, and philosopher was born and raised in Bsharri prior to immigrating to the United States of America.
Anthony Peter Arida, bishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Tripoli and 73rd Maronite Patriarch of Antioch was born in Bqarqacha.
Towns and villages
edit| Aabdine | Beit Minzer | Bsharri | Hadchit | Qnaywer |
| Bane | Bekaa Kafra | Brisat | Hasroun | Qnat |
| Bani Saab | Billa | Dimane | Tourza | |
| Bazoun | Blaouza | El-Arz | Mazraat Assaf | |
| Barhalyoun | Bqarqacha | Hadath El Jebbeh | Moghr El Ahwal |
See also
edit- Hadath el Jebbeh#Jebbeh for the meaning of Jebbeh, Jebbet
References
edit- ^ "Mapping Lebanon: Data and statistics".
- ^ Lebanese Ministry of Environment: "Lebanon State of the Environment Report", Chapter 1, page 13, 2001. Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lebanese Ministry of Environment: "Lebanon State of the Environment Report", Chapter 1, page 14, 2001. Archived 2009-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Small-Group Tour with Lunch to Qadisha Valley, Bcharre and Cedars of God | Marriott". activities.marriott.com. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ "Bekaa Kafra, the highest village in Lebanon – LebanonUntravelled.com". Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ Brockhaus, Hannah. "The Lebanese saint who unites Christians and Muslims". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "Wadi Kadisha, North Governorate". Come To Lebanon. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ Chaaya, Anis (2016). "The Qadisha Valley, Lebanon". Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies. 4 (2–3): 121–147. doi:10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.4.2-3.0121. ISSN 2166-3548. JSTOR 10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.4.2-3.0121.
- ^ Traboulsi, Fawwaz (2012), "The Emirate of Mount Lebanon (1523–1842)", A History of Modern Lebanon, Pluto Press, pp. 3–23, doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p4f5.7, ISBN 978-0-7453-3274-1, JSTOR j.ctt183p4f5.7, retrieved 2021-03-23
- ^ "Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "The Cedars". www.middleeast.com. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "Tourism @ Lebanon.com". www.lebanon.com. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ "Small-Group Tour with Lunch to Qadisha Valley, Bcharre and Cedars of God | Marriott". activities.marriott.com. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ "In the Land of Cedars". Global Ministries. 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
- ^ "The rich cultural and biblical symbolism of the Lebanese cedar tree". Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture. 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2021-03-23.