The Battle of Kalimanci (Bulgarian: Битка при Калиманци, Serbian: Битка код Калиманаца) was fought between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War. The battle started on the 18th and ended on the 19th of July 1913.[1] The Bulgarian Army stopped the Serbian Army from pushing them out of Macedonia and joining up with the Greek Army downstream of the river Struma.[4] The battle ended in an important Bulgarian defensive victory.[3]
| Battle of Kalimanci | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Second Balkan War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Bulgaria |
 Kingdom of Serbia Kingdom of Montenegro | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Mihail Savov[1] Vicho Dikov Georgi Todorov[2] | Božidar Janković | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
|
4th Army 5th Army[1] |
3rd Army | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 2 armies |
Serbia: 1 army Montenegro: 1 division[1] | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
2,400 killed 4,620 wounded[3] |
Serbia: 2,500 killed 4,850 wounded[1] Montenegro: 107 killed 570 wounded[1] | ||||||
Background
editAt the Battle of Bregalnica, fought 30 June – 8 July 1913, the Bulgarian army was decisively defeated by the Serbian Army.[5]
Battle
editOn 13 July 1913, General Mihail Savov assumed control of the 4th and 5th Bulgarian armies.[1] The Bulgarians then entrenched themselves into strong defensive-positions around the village of Kalimanci, near the Bregalnica River in the northeastern part of Macedonia.[1]
On 18 July, the Serbian 3rd Army attacked, closing in on the Bulgarian positions.[1] The Serbs threw hand grenades at their enemies in an attempt to dislodge the Bulgarians, who were sheltered 40 feet away.[1] The Bulgarians held firm, and on several occasions they allowed the Serbs to advance. When the Serbs were within 200 yards of their trenches, they charged with fixed bayonets and threw them back.[1] The Bulgarian artillery was also very successful in breaking up the Serb attacks.[1] The Bulgarian lines held, an invasion of their homeland was repelled, and their morale grew substantially.[1]
If the Serbs had broken through the Bulgarian defences, they might have doomed the 2nd Bulgarian Army and driven the Bulgarians entirely out of Macedonia.[1] This defensive victory, along with the successes of the 1st and 3rd armies in the north, protected western Bulgaria from a Serbian invasion.[3] Although this victory boosted the Bulgarians, the situation was critical in the south, with the Greek Army defeating the Bulgarians in numerous skirmishes.[3]
Citations
editReferences
edit- Hall, R. (2000). The Balkan Wars 1912-1913. Prelude to the First World War. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-22946-4.
- Black, Jeremy (2016). Maps of War: Mapping Conflict Through the Centuries. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84486-463-8.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (2019). World War I: A Country-by-Country Guide [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-44086-369-1.