The Bannock tribe (Northern Paiute: panaki or kutsutɨkaˀa)[5] were originally Northern Paiute but are more culturally affiliated with the Northern Shoshone. They are in the Great Basin classification of Indigenous People. Their traditional lands include northern Nevada, southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and western Wyoming. Today they are enrolled in the federally recognized Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho, located on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation.
panaki / kutsutɨkaˀa | |
|---|---|
 Bannock people in Idaho | |
| Total population | |
| 89 alone and in combination[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 United States ( Idaho) | |
| Languages | |
| Northern Paiute,[2] English | |
| Religion | |
| Native American Church, Sun Dance, traditional tribal religion,[3] Christianity, Ghost Dance | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Northern Paiutes, Northern Shoshone,[4] Mono |
History
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The Northern Paiute have a history of trade with surrounding tribes. In the 1700s, the bands in eastern Oregon traded with the tribes to the north,[6] who by 1730 had acquired the horse.[7] In the mid-18th century, some bands developed a horse culture and split off to become the Bannock tribe.[8] The horse gave the tribe a greater range, from Oregon to northern Nevada,[2] southern Idaho,[9] and western Wyoming.[8] They forayed from there on the Bannock Trail to Montana and Canada to hunt buffalo.[10]
The Bannock have traditionally made pottery, utensils from bighorn sheep horns, and carrying bags made from salmon skin. Their petroglyphs date back before European contact, and, after the introduction of glass beads, they transferred their geometric design to beadwork. For water transport, they have made tule reed rafts.[11] Prior to the late 19th century, Bannock people fished for salmon on the Snake River in Idaho and in the fall, they hunted buffalo herds. Buffalo hides have provided material for tipis.[12]
The Bannock are prominent in American history due to the Bannock War of 1878. After the war, the Bannock moved onto the Fort Hall Indian Reservation with the Northern Shoshone and gradually their tribes merged. Today they are called the Shoshone-Bannock. The Bannock live on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 544,000 acres (2,201 km²) in Southeastern Idaho.[9] Lemhi and Northern Shoshone live with the Bannock Indians.
In the 2010 U.S. census, 89 people identified as having "Bannock" ancestry with 38 being "full-blooded". 5,315 people are enrolled in the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation, all of whom are designated "Shoshone-Bannock" (without more specific designation).[1]
Notable Bannock people
edit- Mary Jo Estep, elementary music teacher and survivor of the Battle of Kelley Creek
- Sally Young Kanosh, adopted daughter of Brigham Young, wife of Kanosh
- Mark Trahant, journalist
- Randy'L He-dow Teton, model
- LaNada War Jack, leader of the Third World Strikes and the Occupation of Alcatraz, activist, tribal politician, and academic[13]
Notes
edit- ^ a b "2010 Census CPH-T-6. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2010" (PDF). census.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
- ^ a b Kuiper, Kathleen, ed. (2011). American Indians of California, the Great Basin, and the Southwest. Britannica Educational Publications. p. 46. ISBN 9781615307128.
- ^ " Northern Paiute - Religion and Expressive Culture ". Countries and Their Cultures. (retrieved 14 Aug 2011)
- ^ Pritzker 2000, p. 236
- ^ Liljeblad, Sven; Fowler, Catherine S.; Powell, Glenda (2012). "kutsutɨkaˀa". Northern Paiute–Bannock Dictionary. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press. p. 358. ISBN 9781607819684.
- ^ Pritzker 2000, p. 226.
- ^ Haines
- ^ a b Pritzker 2000, p. 224.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh (1911). – via Wikisource.
- ^ "History of the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes". www.shoshonebannocktribes.com. Archived from the original on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
- ^ Pritzker 2000, p. 238.
- ^ Pritzker 2000, p. 225.
- ^ Johnson, Troy R. (2009). "Boyer, LaNada (Means)". In Finkelman, Paul; Garrison, Tim Alan (eds.). Encyclopedia of United States Indian Policy and Law. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. doi:10.4135/9781604265767.n77. ISBN 978-1-933116-98-3. – via SAGE Publishing (subscription required)
References
edit- Pritzker, Barry M. (2000). A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1.
External links
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- Shoshone-Bannock Tribes' Official Website
- List of Native American peoples in the United States