Brown Station (Spanish: Estación Científica Almirante Brown, or more often Base Brown or Estación Brown) is an Argentine Antarctic base and scientific research station named after Admiral William Brown, the father of the Argentine Navy. It is located on Sanavirón Peninsula along Paradise Harbor, Danco Coast, in Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula.
Brown Station
Estación Científica Almirante Brown Base Brown Estación Brown | |
|---|---|
Antarctic base | |
| Brown Scientific Station | |
 Brown in the austral summer of 2014 | |
  Brown Station Location within Antarctic Peninsula | |
| Coordinates: 64°53′44″S 62°52′15″W / 64.895476°S 62.870905°W | |
| Country |  Argentina |
| Province | Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands Province |
| Department | Antártida Argentina |
| Region | Graham Land Antarctic Peninsula |
| Location | Sanavirón Peninsula Paradise Harbor Danco Coast |
| Established | April 6, 1951 (1950–51 austral summer season) |
| Named for | William Brown |
| Government | |
| • Type | Directorate |
| • Body | Dirección Nacional del Antártico |
| • Operator | Instituto Antártico Argentino |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.4 ha (3.5 acres) |
| Elevation | 22 m (72 ft) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| • Summer | 12 |
| • Winter | 0 |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (ART) |
| Type | Seasonal |
| Period | Summer |
| Status | Operational |
| Activities | List
|
| Facilities | List
|
As of 2014[update] Brown is one of 13 research bases in Antarctica operated by Argentina.[2] From 1951 to 1984 it served as a permanent base; since then it is open during the summer season only.[3]
History
editBrown Station dates to 6 April 1951, when Argentina established the Almirante Brown Naval Detachment at Paradise Harbor.[3]
The Argentine Antarctic Institute took over the station in 1964–65, creating one of the most complete biology laboratories on the Antarctic Peninsula.[3] It included a main house of 292 m2 (3,140 sq ft); two folding 30,000 L (6,600 imp gal; 7,900 US gal) fuel tanks; and an additional building exclusive for scientific research, equipped with three labs, photography workshop, emergency radio station, office and library.[3] It was called Almirante Brown Research Station and inaugurated on 17 February 1965.[3]
Brown Station's original facilities were burned down by the station's doctor on 12 April 1984 after he was ordered to stay for the winter.[4] Station personnel were rescued by the ship USS Hero and taken to United States’s Palmer Station.
Argentina rebuilt the base but it was demoted to summer-only status. During the summer campaign of 1995–96 the Logistics Department of the Argentine National Antarctic Directorate built two new habitable modules: a laboratory and a house with amenities. In the 1999–2000 campaign the Directorate built a new main house capable of comfortably accommodating 8 people; the new building consists of 4 bedrooms, kitchen and 2 bathrooms.[3]
Brown slipped into several years of inactivity during the 2000s decade but since 2007 is occupied during the summer again.[3]
Conscripto Ortiz Refuge
editRefuge Conscripto Ortiz (64°53′43″S 62°51′57″W / 64.895242°S 62.865839°W) is an Argentine refuge in Antarctica located 230 meters from the Brown Station. The refuge was opened on January 29, 1956, and it is administered by the Argentine Navy. His name pays homage to the conscript Mario Inocencio Ortíz who died, on March 15, during the Argentine Antarctic campaign of 1954–1955 in service aboard the transport ship ARA Bahía Aguirre. The detachment worked as a meteorological observatory and as a base for Antarctic campaigns until it was temporarily closed in 1960.[5][circular reference][3]
Description
editParadise Harbor is a large sea inlet southwest of Andvord Bay protected by an arc formed by the Lemaire, Cramer and Bryde islands. Along the harbor's deep water coast lies the small Sanavirón Peninsula, a rocky promontory crowned by a mound of almost 70 m (230 ft) high called Punta Proa, where the base facilities are located.[3]
In the area there are several beacons to help ship guidance: Punta Proa, in the homonymous place; Punta Vidt in General Ricchieri Cove; Punta Conesa, on the entrance to Puerto Leith; Hanka islet on the homonymous place in Paradise Harbor; Punta Piedras in Oscar Cove; and the lighthouse on Cramer Island.[3]
Brown is located 1,100 km (680 mi) from Ushuaia, the nearest port city.
As of 2014[update] the base spans a total area of 1.4 ha (14,000 m2; 150,000 sq ft). It can house a maximum of 12 people.[1][6]
Scientific activities
editResearch programs were developed for biology (zoology and botany), bacteriology, limnology, biochemistry, animal and human physiology, pathology, ecology, oceanography, meteorology, cosmic rays and ionospheric observations, environmental nuclear radiation, continental and sea ice glaciology, satellite geodesy, geology, geophysics, seismology, ozone monitoring and tide measurement.[3] Throughout the years of research and observations at Brown, more than 100 scientific papers were published by the Argentine Antarctic Institute.[3]
Tourism
editThanks to its location on the Antarctica continent along the beautiful Paradise Harbor and to its relatively mild weather, Brown Station is a popular excursion destination for tourist expedition ships visiting Antarctica. In addition to visiting gentoo penguins, tourists may climb to a viewpoint 84 m (276 ft) above the station. Rather than walking down the steep slope, many visitors use the human bobsled course. All those visitors sledding downhill have created a ditch a few feet deep that makes for excellent sledding.
-
Brown's main entrance -
Overview from the harbor, 2009 -
Paradise Harbor as seen from the base -
Brown in 1996 -
Overview of Brown and Conscripto Ortiz Refuge, local summer of 2009 -
The base is set among the beauty of Paradise Harbor -
Tourists hiking up and sledding down the hill above the base
.jpg)
Climate
editWeather in the area is relatively mild, the nearby mountains shelter the bay from strong winds. The average annual temperature is 2 °C (36 °F) and the minimum historical record is −29 °C (−20 °F) on 9 August 1958.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- Citations
- ^ a b c Antarctic Station Catalogue (PDF) (catalogue). Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs. August 2017. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-473-40409-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ "Argentine Antarctic Stations". Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Base Brown" (in Spanish). Fundaciòn Marambio. Archived from the original on 2 March 2014.
- ^ Almirante Brown Station, Antarctic Peninsula - Antarctic Points of Interest on Waymarking.com
- ^ Refugio naval Conscripto Ortiz, Retrieved September 20, 2018[circular reference]
- ^ "Intercambio de información – Información Permanente". Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013.
- Articles
- "Antarctica", Reader's Digest, NSW, Australia: Surry Hills, p. 13, 1985
- Books
- Child, Jack (1988). Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum (1 ed.). New York: Praeger. ISBN 978-0275928865.
External links
edit
bmc