The Chorokh (Georgian: ჭოროხი Ch'orokhi, Turkish: Çoruh, Armenian: Ճորոխ Chorokh, Azerbaijani: Çorox, Greek: Άκαμψις, Akampsis) is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İspir, Yusufeli, and Artvin, along the Kelkit-Çoruh Fault, before flowing into Georgia, where it reaches the Black Sea just south of Batumi and a few kilometers north of the Turkish-Georgian border.
| Çoruh Chorokh, Ch'orokhi, Acampsis | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Turkey and Georgia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Mescit Mountains |
| Mouth | Black Sea |
• coordinates | 41°36′17″N 41°34′27″E / 41.6047°N 41.5742°E |
| Length | 438 km (272 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 22,100 km2 (8,500 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 278 m3/s (9,800 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • right | Machakhelistsqali, Acharistsqali |
In Arrian's Periplus Ponti Euxini, it is called the Acampsis (Greek: Άκαμψις); Pliny may have confused it with the Bathys.[2] Procopius writes that it was called Acampsis because it was impossible to force a way through it after it has entered the sea, since it discharges its stream with such force and swiftness, causing a great disturbance of the water before it, that it goes out for a very great distance into the sea and makes it impossible to coast along at that point.[3]
In English, it was formerly known as the Boas, the Churuk, or the Chorokh.[4][5]
Biodiversity
editThe Ch'orokhi valley lies within the Caucasus ecological zone, which is considered by the World Wide Fund for Nature and by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot.[6][7] The Çoruh Valley is recognised by Turkish conservation organisations as an important plant area,[8] an important bird area,[9] a key biodiversity area[10] and has been nominated as a high priority area for protection. This valley is rich in plants and contains 104 nationally threatened plant species of which 67 are endemic to Turkey.[8]
Recreation
editThe Çoruh has been called "an eco-tourism gem" and "Turkey's last remaining wild river", and is being promoted for whitewater kayaking by the Eastern Anatolia Tourism Development Project.[11] It attracts kayakers and rafters from all over the world and was the site of the 4th World Rafting Championship in 1993[12] and the Coruh Extreme kayak competition in 2005.[13]
Dams
editA total of 17 large hydroelectric dams are planned as part of the Çoruh River Development Plan[14] but a total of 27 are proposed for the Çoruh River Catchment. Under the Çoruh Development Plan, 8 dams have been completed (Arkun, Artvin, Borçka, Deriner, Güllübağ, Murtli, Tortum and Yusufeli Dams), another 2 are under construction.[15]
| Dam | Phase |
|---|---|
| Tortum Dam | Operational – Tortum River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Muratli Dam | Operational |
| Borçka Dam | Operational |
| Deriner Dam | Operational |
| Olur Dam | Planned |
| Bağlık Dam | Planned – Berta River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Bayram Dam | Planned – Berta River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Artvin Dam | Operational |
| Yusufeli Dam | Operational |
| Altiparmak Dam | Planned – Barhal River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Ayvali Dam | Planned – Oltu River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Olur Dam | Planned – Oltu River (Çoruh tributary) |
| Arkun Dam | Operational |
| Aksu Dam | Preliminary construction |
| Güllübağ Dam | Operational |
| İspir Dam | Planned |
| Laleli Dam | Under construction |
See also
edit- "The Yusufeli dam project". Rivernet.
- "Biological Assessment Yusufeli Dam & Hydro-Electricity Power Project's Environmental Impact Assessment" (PDF). ECA Watch. Archived from the original (PDF) on Feb 7, 2012.
- Friends of the Earth
References
edit- ^ UN Economic Commission for Europe, Our waters: joining hands across borders : first assessment of transboundary, p. 150
- ^ William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography, 1:216 (1854).
- ^ Procopius, History of the Wars, §8.2
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition 2:757d
- ^ W. Rickmer Rickmers, "Lazistan and Ajaristan", The Geographical Journal 84:6 (Dec., 1934), p. 466. at JSTOR
- ^ WWF Global 200 Regions
- ^ Conservation International Biodiversity Hotspots
- ^ a b Ozhatay N, Byfield A & Atay S 2005, 122 Important Plant Areas of Turkey, for WWF Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
- ^ Magnin G & Yarar M 1989, Important Bird Area in Turkey, Dogal Hayati Koruma Dernegi, Turkey.
- ^ Eken G, Bozdogan M, I˙sfendiyaroglu S, Kılıç DT & Lise Y, (editörler) 2006, Key biodiversity areas in Turkey, Doga Dernegi, Ankara, Turkey.
- ^ "Eastern Turkey Becomes Tourist Destination". United Nations Development Programme: Europe & CIS. September 2009. Archived from the original on Sep 27, 2011.
- ^ Akkus, Cetin; Akkus, Gulizar (2019-01-17). Selected Studies on Rural Tourism and Development. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 9781527526013.
- ^ "Coruh Extreme". coruhextreme.com. Archived from the original on Dec 5, 2006.
- ^ ENCON 2006, ‘Yusufeli Dam and Hydroelectric Power Project Environmental Impact Assessment’, Ankara, Turkey.
- ^ "Hydroelectric Power energy Resources" (PDF) (in Turkish). State Hydraulic Works. Retrieved 10 May 2013.