Agroterrorism, also known as agriterrorism and agricultural terrorism, is a malicious attempt to disrupt or destroy the agricultural industry and/or food supply system of a population through "the malicious use of plant or animal pathogens to cause devastating disease in the agricultural sectors".[1] It is closely related to the concepts of biological warfare, chemical warfare and entomological warfare, except carried out by non-state parties.
A hostile attack, towards an agricultural environment, including infrastructures and processes, in order to significantly damage national or international political interests.
Nomenclature
editThe terms agroterrorism, along with agroterror and agrosecurity, were coined by veterinarian pathologist Corrie Brown and writer Esmond Choueke in September 1999 as a means to spread the importance of this topic. The first public use of agroterrorism was in a report by Dr. Brown which was then reprinted in a front-page article of The New York Times on September 22, 1999, by reporter Judith Miller. Dr. Brown's article in 2,000 for Emerging Diseases of Animals (American Society for Microbiology) made these words a permanent fixture, and they soon ended up as part of everyday use. The Oxford Dictionary now recognizes the word agroterrorism and its derivatives.[2] An initial debate by Dr. Brown and Mr. Choueke involved the spellings agriterror vs. agroterror. The spelling with the "o" won, as it was closest to bioterrorism and thus would be easier to remember.
Theory
editClemson University's Regulatory and Public Service Program listed "diseases vectored by insects" among bioterrorism scenarios considered "most likely".[3] Because invasive species are already a problem worldwide one University of Nebraska entomologist considered it likely that the source of any sudden appearance of a new agricultural pest would be difficult, if not impossible, to determine.[4] Lockwood considers insects a more effective means of transmitting biological agents for acts of bioterrorism than the actual agents.[5] In his opinion insect vectors are easily gathered and their eggs easily transportable without detection.[5] Isolating and delivering biological agents, on the other hand, is extremely challenging and hazardous.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Agriterrorism". Homeland Defense Stocks.
- ^ "Agroterrorism | Definition of Agroterrorism by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Agroterrorism". Archived from the original on October 26, 2020.
- ^ "Regulatory and Public Service Programs' Strategy for the Prevention Of Bioterrorism in Areas Regulated Archived 2009-01-17 at the Wayback Machine", Regulatory and Public Service Program, Clemson University, 2001, accessed December 25, 2008.
- ^ Corley, Heather. "Agricultural Bioterror Threat Requires Vigilance Archived 2012-02-18 at the Wayback Machine", (Press release), Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Nebraska, November 12, 2001, accessed December 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c Lockwood, Jeffrey A. "Insects: Tougher than anthrax", The Boston Globe, October 21, 2007, accessed December 25, 2008.
External links
edit- The Counter Agro Terrorism Research Center. Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- The Counter Agro Terrorism Research Center – About Us. Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- US food supply 'vulnerable to attack' (BBC article)
- Govern Kevin, Agroterrorism and ecoterrorism: a survey of Indo-American approaches under law and policy to prevent and defend against these potential threats ahead[permanent dead link]. Winter, 2009 10 Fl. Coastal L. Rev. 223.
- The Silent Terrorist - BBC 2006