44th Canadian Parliament

The 44th Canadian Parliament is the session of the Parliament of Canada which began on 22 November 2021, with the membership of the House of Commons, having been determined by the results of the 2021 federal election held on 20 September. Parliament officially resumed on 22 November with the re-election of Speaker Anthony Rota, and the Speech from the Throne read by Governor General Mary Simon the following day.

44th Parliament of Canada
Minority parliament
22 November 2021 – present
Parliament leaders
Prime Minister	Rt. Hon. Justin Trudeau 4 Nov 2015 – present
Cabinet	29th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	Hon. Erin O'Toole 24 Aug 2020 – 2 Feb 2022
	Hon. Candice Bergen 2 Feb 2022 – 10 Sep 2022
	Hon. Pierre Poilievre 10 Sep 2022 – present
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	Conservative Party
Recognized	Bloc Québécois
	New Democratic Party
	Independent Senators Group*
	Canadian Senators Group*
	Progressive Senate Group*
Unrecognized	Green Party
* Only in the Senate.
House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Hon. Anthony Rota 5 Dec 2019 – 27 Sep 2023
	Louis Plamondon (interim) 27 Sep 2023 – 3 Oct 2023
	Hon. Greg Fergus 3 Oct 2023 – present
Government House Leader	Hon. Mark Holland 26 Oct 2021 – 26 Jul 2023
	Hon. Karina Gould 26 Jul 2023 – present
Opposition House Leader	Gérard Deltell 2 Sep 2020 – 4 Feb 2022
	John Brassard 5 Feb 2022 – 12 Sep 2022
	Andrew Scheer 13 Sep 2022 – present
Members	338 MP seats List of members
Senate
Seating arrangements of the Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Hon. George Furey 3 Dec 2015 – 12 May 2023
	Hon. Raymonde Gagné 12 May 2023 – present
Government Senate Rep.	Hon. Marc Gold 24 Jan 2020 – present
Opposition Senate Leader	Hon. Don Plett 5 Nov 2019 – present
Senators	105 senator seats List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch	Elizabeth II 6 Feb 1952 – 8 Sep 2022
	Charles III 8 Sep 2022 – present
Governor General	HE Rt. Hon. Mary Simon 26 Jul 2021 – present
Sessions
1st session 22 November 2021 – present
← 43rd → 45th

It is led by a Liberal Party minority government under the premiership of Justin Trudeau. Six months into the first session on 22 March 2022 it was announced that the New Democratic Party would henceforth support the government with confidence and supply measures. The support was contingent on the government implementing a pharmacare program and a dental care program. The temporary Canada Dental Benefit was established in December 2022, and the permanent Canadian Dental Care Plan began rolling out in December 2023. The NDP ended their confidence and supply arrangement with the Liberal government, on 4 September 2024.

Current leadership of the House of Commons

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Riding	Since
Speaker of the House of Commons		Liberal	Greg Fergus	Hull—Aylmer	3 October 2023

Government leadership (Liberal)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Justin Trudeau	Papineau	14 April 2013
House Leader		Karina Gould	Burlington	26 July 2023
Whip		Steven MacKinnon	Gatineau	28 October 2021
Caucus Chair		Brenda Shanahan	Châteauguay—Lacolle	28 November 2021

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Riding	Since
Leader		Pierre Poilievre	Carleton	10 September 2022
Deputy Leaders		Melissa Lantsman	Thornhill	10 September 2022
		Tim Uppal	Edmonton Mill Woods
House Leader		Andrew Scheer	Regina—Qu'Appelle	13 September 2022
Deputy House Leader		Luc Berthold	Mégantic—L'Érable	13 September 2022
Whip		Kerry-Lynne Findlay	South Surrey—White Rock	13 September 2022
Deputy Whip and question period Coordinator		Chris Warkentin	Grande Prairie-Mackenzie	13 September 2022
Caucus Chair		Scott Reid	Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston	13 September 2022
Caucus Party Liaison		Eric Duncan	Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	13 September 2022
Caucus Committee Coordinator		Jake Stewart	Miramichi—Grand Lake	13 September 2022
Québec Lieutenant		Pierre Paul-Hus	Charlesbourg-Haute-Saint-Charles	13 September 2022

House Committees

Committee	Chair	Vice Chairs
Veterans Affairs	Emmanuel Dubourg (LPC)	Blake Rchards (CPC) Luc Desilets (BQ)
Agriculture and Agri-Food	Kody Blois (LPC)	John Barlow (CPC) Yves Perron (BQ)
Canadian Heritage	Hon. Hedy Fry (LPC)	Kevin Waugh (CPC) Martin Champoux (BQ)
International Trade	Hon. Judy A. Sgro (LPC)	Ryan Williams (CPC) Simon-Pierre Savard-Tremblay (BQ)
Citizenship and Immigration	Sukh Dhaliwal (LPC)	Brad Redekopp (CPC) Alexis Brunelle-Duceppe (BQ)
Environment and Sustainable Development	Francis Scarpaleggia	Dan Mazier (CPC) Monique Pauze (BQ)
Access to Information, Privacy, and Ethics	John Brassard (CPC)	Darren Fisher (LPC) Rene Villemure (BQ)
Status of Women	Shelby Kramp-Neuman (CPC)	Sonia Sidhu (LPC) Andreanne Larouche (BQ)
Finance	Peter Fonseca (LPC)	Jasraj Singh Hallen (CPC) Gabriel Ste-Marie (BQ)
Fisheries and Oceans	Ken McDonald (LPC)	Mel Arnold (CPC) Caroline Desbiens (BQ)
Health	Sean Casey (LPC)	Stephen Ellis (CPC) Luc Theriault (BQ)
Human Resources, Skills and Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities	Robert Morissey (LPC)	Tracy Gray (CPC) Louise Chabot (BQ)
Indigenouse and Northern Affairs	Patrick Weiler (LPC)	Jamie Schmale (CPC) Sebastian Lemire (BQ)
Industry and Technology	Joel Lightbound (LPC)	Rick Perkins (CPC) Jean-Denis Garon (BQ)
Justice and Human Rights	Lena Metlege Diab (LPC)	Larry Brock (CPC) Rheal Eloi Fortin (BQ)
Official Languages	Rene Arseneault (LPC)	Joel Godin (CPC) Mario Beaulieu (BQ)
National Defence	Hon. John McKay (LPC)	James Bezan (CPC) Christine Normandin (BQ)
Government Operations and Estimates	Kelly McCauley (CPC)	Majid Jowhari (LPC) Julie Vignola (BQ)
Public Accounts	John Williamson (CPC)	Jean Yip (LPC) Nathalie Sinclair Desgagne (BQ)
Procedure and House Affairs	Ben Carr (LPC)	Michael Cooper (CPC) Marie Helene Gaudreau (BQ)
Natural Resources	George Chahal (LPC)	Shannon Stubbs (CPC) Mario Simard (BQ)
Public Safety and National Security	Iqwinder Gaheer (LPC)	Raquel Dancho (CPC) Kristina Michaud (BQ)
Science and Research	Valerie Bradford (BQ)	Corey Tochor (CPC) Maxime Blanchette-Joncas (BQ)
Transport, Infrastructure, and Communities	Peter Schiefke (LPC)	Philip Lawrence (CPC) Xavier Barsalou-Duval (BQ)

Joint Committees

Committee	Joint Chairs	Vice Chair (s)
Medical Assistance in Dying	N/A	N/A
Library of Parliament	Hon. Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia MP Angelo Lacono (LPC)	MP Louis Plamondon (BQ)
Declaration of Emergency	Hon. Gwen Boniface MP Rhéal Éloi Fortin (BQ) MP Matthew Green (NDP)	Hon. Claude Carignan Rachel Bendayan (LPC) Glen Motz (CPC)
Scrutiny of Regulations	Hon. Yuen Pau Woo MP Dan Albas (CPC)	Tim Louis (LPC) Denis Trudel (BQ)

Current leadership of the Senate

Presiding officer

Office	Photo	Party	Officer	Province	Since
Speaker of the Senate		Non-affiliated	Raymonde Gagné	Manitoba	12 May 2023

Government leadership (non-affiliated)

Office	Officer	Province	Since
Government Representative in the Senate	Marc Gold	Quebec	24 January 2020
Legislative Deputy to the Government Representative in the Senate	Patti LaBoucane-Benson	Alberta	N/A
Government Liaison in the Senate	Michèle Audette	Quebec	9 August 2023

Opposition leadership (Conservative)

Office	Photo	Officer	Province	Since
Leader of the Opposition		Don Plett	Manitoba	5 November 2019
Deputy leader of the Opposition		Yonah Martin	British Columbia	November 2015
Whip of the Opposition		Judith Seidman	Quebec	N/A
Deputy Whip of the Opposition		Leo Housakos	Quebec	N/A
Chair of the Conservative Caucus		Rose-May Poirier	New Brunswick	December 2019

Senate Committees

Committee	Chair (s)	Deputy Chair (s)
Foreign Affairs and International Relations	Peter M. Boehm (ISG)	Peter Harder (PSG)
Agriculture and Forestry	Robert Black (CSG)	Paula Simons (ISG)
Audit and Oversight	Marty Klyne (PSG) Donna Dasko (ISG)	David M. Wells (CPC) Colin Deacon (CSG)
Indigenous Peoples	Brian Francis (PSG)	David M. Arnot (ISG)
Banking, Commerce, and the Economy	Pamela Wallin (CSG)	Tony Loffreda (ISG)
Internal Economy, Budgets, and Administration	Lucie Moncion (ISG)	Claude Carignan (CPC)
Ethics and Conflict of interest for Senators	Judith Seidman (CPC)	Brent Cotter (ISG)
Energy, the Environment, and Natural Resources	Paul Massicotte (ISG)	Josee Verner (CSG)
Legal and Constitutional Affairs	Brent Cotter (ISG)	Denise Batters (CPC)
National Finance	Claude Carignan (CPC)	Eric Forest (ISG)
Official Languages	Rene Cormier (ISG)	Rose-May Poirier (CPC)
Fisheries and Oceans	Fabian Manning (CPC)	Bev Busson (ISG)
Human Rights	Salma Ataullahjan (CPC)	Wanda Thomas Bernard (PSG)
Rules, Procedures, and Rights of Parliament	Michèle Audette (PSG)	Denise Batters (CPC) Stan Kutcher (ISG)
National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs	Hassan Yussuff (ISG)	Jean-Guy Dagenais (CSG)
Selection	Michael L. MacDonald (CPC)	Chantal Petitclerc (ISG)
Social Affairs, Science and Technology	Rosemary Moodie (ISG)	Wanda Thomas Bernard (PSG)

Timeline

See also: By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament

2021

• 20 September – In the 44th Canadian federal election, the incumbent Liberal Party wins the most seats in the House of Commons, but fails to reach a majority government.
• 26 October – The new Ministry is sworn in, the first overseen by Governor General Mary Simon.
• 22 November – Opening of the 44th Parliament, and re-election of the Honourable Anthony Rota as Speaker of the House of Commons.

2022

• 2 February – Erin O'Toole is removed as the leader of the Conservative Party, and consequently as the Leader of the Official Opposition, in a caucus vote.
• 21 February – The House of Commons votes to confirm the Emergencies Act, with 185 for and 151 opposing the motion. The act was invoked in relation to the convoy protests in Ottawa and at border points.
• 23 February – The equivalent Emergencies Act confirmation motion in the Senate is withdrawn without a vote by Representative of the Government in the Senate, Marc Gold, following the revocation of the Emergencies Act by the government earlier that day.
• 22 March – The Liberal Party and New Democratic Party announce a confidence-and-supply agreement that will see the NDP support the Liberals on confidence motions (including budgets) until 2025 in exchange for Liberal support of certain NDP policies.
• 10 September – The 2022 Conservative Party leadership election concludes. Pierre Poilievre is elected as the new Conservative leader.
• 19 November – The 2022 Green Party leadership election concludes. MP and former leader Elizabeth May is once again announced as the new leader of the Green Party of Canada, in partnership with Jonathan Pedneault, who is named as the de jure deputy leader of the Greens.

2023

• 31 March – Former Conservative Party leader Erin O'Toole announces that he will resign as Member of Parliament for Durham at the end of the spring season of the House of Commons and not seek re-election.
• 26 July – The Liberal government holds a major cabinet reshuffle.
• 26 September – After pressure from government cabinet ministers and Opposition parliamentary leaders, the Speaker of the House of Commons, Liberal MP Anthony Rota, announces that he will resign from that position effective 27 September 2023, after erroneously inviting to the House gallery and honouring a 98-year-old Ukrainian war veteran, Yaroslav Hunka, who was found to have served in the armed forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Rota's invitation of Hunka took place during a state visit and parliamentary address by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
• 27 September – The members of the House of Commons unanimously nominate the Dean of the House, Bloc Québécois MP Louis Plamondon, as their interim Speaker to temporarily succeed Anthony Rota after his resignation, until a permanent successor is chosen by a ballot of MPs in the following week.
• 3 October – Liberal MP Greg Fergus is elected speaker of the House of Commons. He is the first person of colour to be elected speaker.

2024

• 16 January – Liberal MP Carolyn Bennett for Toronto—St. Paul's resigns her seat.
• 1 February – Liberal MP David Lametti for LaSalle—Émard—Verdun resigns his seat.
• 31 March – NDP MP Daniel Blaikie for Elmwood—Transcona resigns his seat.
• 30 April Opposition leader Pierre Poilievre was ejected from the House of Commons after referring to Trudeau as a "wacko prime minister", when criticizing Trudeau's past support for British Columbia's decriminalization of hard drug use in public spaces. After Poilievre refused to withdraw the adjective, House Speaker Greg Fergus removed Poilievre from the chamber on the grounds that he used unparliamentary language.
• 27 May – Liberal MP John Aldag for Cloverdale—Langley City resigns his seat.
• 28 May - The House of Commons votes 168 to 142 against a motion to remove Greg Fregus as speaker. The Liberals, Greens, and New Democrats voted against removing him, while the Bloc Québécois and Conservatives voted in favour of removing him.
• 24 June – Conservative MP Don Stewart is elected as the new member for Toronto—St. Paul's following a by-election, in a pickup of the seat from the Liberals.
• 31 August – Liberal MP Andy Fillmore for Halifax resigns his seat.
• 4 September – The New Democratic Party ends their confidence-and-supply agreement with the Liberals.
• 16 September – NDP MP Leila Dance is elected as the new member for Elmwood—Transcona, retaining the seat for her party, and Bloc Québécois MP Louis-Philippe Sauvé wins the riding of LaSalle—Émard—Verdun, in a pickup from the Liberals.
• 19 September – Liberal MP Pablo Rodriguez of Honoré-Mercier resigns his membership in the Liberal caucus and federal cabinet to sit as an independent MP while he runs for the leadership of the Quebec Liberal Party.
• 16 December – Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland resigned from cabinet but remains as MP.
• 16 December – A federal by-election was held in Cloverdale—Langley City, with Conservative Tamara Jansen elected, gaining the seat from the Liberals.

Changes in MPs

Changes in seats held (2021–present)

Seat	Before			Change
	Date	Member	Party	Reason	Date	Member	Party
Spadina—Fort York	22 November 2021	Kevin Vuong	█ Liberal	Excluded from caucus			█ Independent
Mississauga—Lakeshore	27 May 2022	Sven Spengemann	█ Liberal	Resigned to accept a position with the United Nations	12 December 2022	Charles Sousa	█ Liberal
Richmond—Arthabaska	13 September 2022	Alain Rayes	█ Conservative	Left caucus			█ Independent
Winnipeg South Centre	12 December 2022	Jim Carr	█ Liberal	Died in office	19 June 2023	Ben Carr	█ Liberal
Calgary Heritage	31 December 2022	Bob Benzen	█ Conservative	Resigned to return to the private sector	24 July 2023	Shuvaloy Majumdar	█ Conservative
Oxford	28 January 2023	Dave MacKenzie	█ Conservative	Retired	19 June 2023	Arpan Khanna	█ Conservative
Portage—Lisgar	28 February 2023	Candice Bergen	█ Conservative	Resigned	19 June 2023	Branden Leslie	█ Conservative
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount	8 March 2023	Marc Garneau	█ Liberal	Retired	19 June 2023	Anna Gainey	█ Liberal
Don Valley North	22 March 2023	Han Dong	█ Liberal	Left caucus			█ Independent
Durham	1 August 2023	Erin O'Toole	█ Conservative	Resigned	4 March 2024	Jamil Jivani	█ Conservative
Toronto—St. Paul's	16 January 2024	Carolyn Bennett	█ Liberal	Resigned to become ambassador of Canada to Denmark	24 June 2024	Don Stewart	█ Conservative
LaSalle—Émard—Verdun	1 February 2024	David Lametti	█ Liberal	Resigned to join law firm	16 September 2024	Louis-Philippe Sauvé	█ Bloc Québécois
Elmwood—Transcona	31 March 2024	Daniel Blaikie	█ New Democratic	Resigned to work with Premier of Manitoba Wab Kinew	16 September 2024	Leila Dance	█ New Democratic
Cloverdale—Langley City	27 May 2024	John Aldag	█ Liberal	Resigned to run as the BC NDP candidate for Langley-Abbotsford in the 2024 British Columbia general election	16 December 2024	Tamara Jansen	█ Conservative
Halifax	31 August 2024	Andy Fillmore	█ Liberal	Resigned to run for the mayoralty of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in the 2024 Halifax municipal election	By-election not yet called
Honoré-Mercier	19 September 2024	Pablo Rodriguez	█ Liberal	Left caucus			█ Independent

Membership changes

House of Commons

Number of members per party by date		2021	2022				2023							2024
		Sep 20	Mar 22	May 27	Sep 13	Dec 31	Jan 28	Feb 28	Mar 8	Mar 22	Jun 19	Jul 24	Aug 1	Jan 16	Feb 1	Mar 4	Mar 31	May 27	Jun 24	Aug 31	Sep 4	Sep 16	Sep 19	Dec 16
	Liberal	159		158					157	156	158			157	156			155		154			153
	Conservative	119			118	117	116	115			117	118	117			118			119					120
	Bloc Québécois	32																				33
	New Democratic	25															24					25
	Green	2
	Independent	1			2					3													4
	Total members	338		337		336	335	334	333		337	338	337	336	335	336	335	334	335	334		336		337
	Government majority	-20			-21		-19	-18	-19	-21		-22	-21	-22	-23	-24	-25	-26	-27	-28		-30	-31	-32
	Government majority with C & S measures	N/A	30		29		31	32	31	29		28	29	28	27	26	25	24	23	22		N/A
	Vacant	0		1		2	3	4	5		1	0	1	2	3	2	3	4	3	4		2		1

Senate

Number of members per group by date		2021								2022													2023
		Sep 20	Sep 27	Oct 6	Oct 7	Oct 8	Oct 18	Oct 31	Nov 20	Jan 3	Feb 4	Mar 14	Mar 18	May 6	Jun 3	Jun 27	Aug 4	Sep 26	Oct 2	Oct 24	Nov 10	Nov 21	Jan 10	Jan 12	Jan 24	Jan 31	Feb 9	Feb 21	Feb 23	Feb 28	May 3	May 12	May 15	Jul 6	Jul 11	Aug 9	Sep 7	Sep 15	Sep 19
	Independent Senators Group	40	41	42	43	44	43		42			41			40	39									40	39									38		37	38	39
	Conservative	18								17	16						15
	Progressive Senate Group	14												13		14										13	12		13				12			11
	Canadian Senators Group	13						12			13		12				13		12	11			12	13				14							15
	Non-affiliated	9	8	7	6	5	6					7						9		10	11	14	13	12	11			10	9	8	10	9		11		12		11	10
	Total members	94						93	92	91			90	89	88			90	89		90	93				91	90			89	91	90	89	91			90
	Vacant	11						12	13	14			15	16	17			15	16		15	12				14	15			16	14	15	16	14			15

Number of members per group by date		2023									2024
		Oct 25	Oct 31	Nov 8	Nov 22	Dec 14	Dec 15	Dec 20	Dec 27	Dec 30	Jan 10	Jan 15	Jan 17	Jan 22	Jan 28	Jan 30	Feb 6	Feb 12	Feb 13	Apr 10	Apr 14	Apr 18	May 2	May 13	May 28	Jun 3	Jun 4	Jun 10	Jun 28	Aug 17	Aug 20	Aug 30	Aug 31	Sep 10	Sep 25	Oct 13	Oct 16	Oct 21	Oct 22
	Independent Senators Group	39		39	40							41	40				39			40		41	42		43						42	41					42	41
	Canadian Senators Group	15		16						15	16					17								16		17	18
	Conservative	15		15														14			13							12
	Progressive Senate Group	11		12			13		14																											13			14
	Non-affiliated	9	14	13	12	11	10	13	12		11	10		11	12	11	12		13	12		11	10	11	10	9	8		9	11		12	14	15	16		15		14
	Total members	89	94	94				97		96			95	96	97			96	97		96							95	96	98	97		99	100	101	100		99
	Vacant	16	11					8		9			10	9	8			9	8		9							10	9	7	8		6	5	4	5		6

Number of members per group by date		2024
		Oct 25	Nov 1	Nov 5	Nov 18	Nov 20	Nov 21	Nov 27	Dec 8
	Independent Senators Group	42		41				42
	Canadian Senators Group	18	19						18
	Progressive Senate Group	14	13		12	13	14
	Non-affiliated	13				12	11	10
	Conservative	12
	Total members	99		98	97				96
	Vacant	6		7	8				9

Party standings

Standings in the 44th Canadian Parliament

Affiliation		House members			Senate members
		2021 election results	Current	+/–	On election day 2021	Current	+/–
	Liberal	160	153	7	–	–
	Conservative	119	120	1	18	12	6
	Bloc Québécois	32	33	1	–	–
	New Democratic	25	25		–	–
	Green	2	2		–	–
	Independent	0	4	4	9	10	1
	Indep. Senators	–	–		40	42	2
	Progressive Senate Group	–	–		14	14
	Canadian Senators Group	–	–		13	18	5
Total members		338	337	1	94	96	2
	Vacant	–	1	1	11	9	2
Total seats		338		–	105		–

Legislation

With the Liberal Party and NDP entering into a confidence and supply agreement on budgetary items and motions of confidence, the final component of the 2021 budget (Bill C-8) was adopted in June 2022. Among other provisions, Bill C-8 enacted the Underused Housing Tax Act, created a new tax credit to return carbon tax paid by farmers, created the COVID-19 Air Quality Improvement Tax Credit, and expanded both the School Supplies Tax Credit and the northern residents deduction amount. Similarly, the 2022 budget was implemented in Bills C-19 and C-32. Among other provisions, Bill C-19 doubled the Home Accessibility Tax Credit, created the Labour Mobility Deduction for tradespeople, made vaping products subject to excise duties, removed excise duties from low-alcohol beer, removed the excise duty exemption that had applied to Canadian wine as directed by the WTO, and amended the Copyright Act as agreed to in the Canada-United States–Mexico Agreement, and criminalized Holocaust denial. Bill C-19 also enacted the Civil Lunar Gateway Agreement Implementation Act; the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act; and the Select Luxury Items Tax Act to create a new sales tax applicable to luxury cars, planes and boats; and also repealed the Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act. Bill C-32 created the First Home Savings Account as a new registered savings plan and the Multigenerational Home Renovation Tax Credit; made income derived from house-flipping into business income for taxation purposes; created a temporary 15% tax on the taxable income of banks that exceeded $1 billion; and, in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, increased maximum financial assistance that can be provided to foreign states from US$5 billion to C$14 billion. In other legislation, Bill C-11 adopted the Online Streaming Act and Bill C-18 adopted the Online News Act.

On healthcare, the Canada Dental Benefit was created with Bill C-31 with the Liberals, NDP and Green Party in support, and Conservatives and Bloc opposed. With all party support, Bill C-10 directed $2.5 billion be paid for COVID testing purposes; Bill C-12 amended guaranteed income supplements to exclude payments received from the Emergency Response Benefit, the Recovery Benefit and the Worker Lockdown Benefit. With both the NDP and Conservatives opposing, Bill C-2 enacted the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act and extended various other COVID-related benefit programs. On public safety and crime, with all party support, Bill C-3 inserted a new offence into the Criminal Code regarding intimidation of a person seeking health services and obstruction of lawful access to a place at which health services are provided. Bill C-28 was adopted in response to R v Brown (2022) addressing self-induced extreme intoxication.

See also

• 2021 Canadian federal budget
• 2022 Canadian federal budget
• 2023 Canadian federal budget
• 2024 Canadian federal budget
• Affordable Housing and Groceries Act, Bill C-56
• Countering Foreign Interference Act, Bill C-70
• Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet of the 44th Parliament of Canada
• Online Streaming Act, Bill C-11
• Women in the 44th Canadian Parliament

External links

• Members of 44th Parliament at Parliament of Canada