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Xinfadi Market

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Xinfadi Market (Chinese: 北京新发地农产品批发市场, Beijing Xinfadi Agricultural Products Wholesale Market) is a covered wholesale food market in the southern Beijing district of Fengtai. As of 2020, the market provides more than 90% of Beijing's fruits and vegetables according to state media.[1] Seafood[1] and meat[2][3] are also sold at the market. Vendors distribute produce from Xinfadi to many smaller markets in Beijing.[4] It is nicknamed the "vegetable basket" and "fruit bowl" of the city.[5][6][7]

Xinfadi Market
Front entrance to the Xinfadi market as it appeared in February 2024
Simplified Chinese北京新发地农产品批发市场
Traditional Chinese北京新發地農產品批發市場
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinBěijīng Xīnfādì Nóngchǎnpǐn Pīfā Shìchǎng

Xinfadi Market opened on May 16, 1988.[8] It has been renovated at least once in its lifetime.[9] In 2017, it covered an area of 112 hectares.[9] It is the largest wholesale food market in Beijing,[10] with three floors above ground and two underground in 2018.[9] It was the largest wholesale food market in Asia,[11] with as of 2020 more than 10,000 workers[1] including 1,500 managers and over 4,000 tenants.[12] According to the official site in 2020, more than 20,000 tons of fruit, 18,000 tons of vegetables, and 1,500 tons of seafood are sold at the market each day.[13] There is a "beef and lamb trading hall", and poultry meat is also sold on the premises.[citation needed] "The Xinfadi Market is more of a one-stop-shop where wholesalers in the city would purchase vegetables, meat and seafood hall after hall."[citation needed]

The market was responsible in 2016 for 70% of Beijing's fresh vegetables,[9] more than 80% of Beijing's fresh food and drinks, and all of the city's imported fruit.[14] Every year, 14 million tons of products are sold at the market for an estimated 50 billion RMB.[14][9]

History

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In the last years of the 20th century, Beijing was home to four major food markets: Xinfadi, Yuegezhuang Market (1986), Dazhongsi Market (1986) and Sidaokou Market. Tongxian County latterly set up a market as part of a "new national network of Central wholesale markets", after the 1985 liberalization of trade.[15][16]

Background and establishment

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Xinfadi Village, where the market is located, was originally named "Xinfendi" (simplified Chinese: 新坟地; traditional Chinese: 新墳地; pinyin: Xīnféndì, literally "new grave land"), because in 1958 a graveyard located there was leveled to create farmland. The area gradually turned into a settlement, and the name was changed to "Xinfadi" (roughly "newly developed land"). The village mainly contains sandy, loamy, brown soil, suitable for planting vegetables.[17]: 220 

On May 10, 1985, the Beijing Bureau of Commodity Prices decided to relax control of the prices of seven key agricultural products: pork, beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, marine fish, and vegetables.[18]: 74  On May 30, the municipal Party committee and city government convened a vegetable work conference and decided to "revitalize buying and selling" and "allow food from other parts of the country to come into Beijing".[19]: 226 [20] As a result, after farmers from near Xinfadi Village handed over the required quantity of vegetables to the government, they began to set up roadside stands to sell the remainder. These stands gradually turned into a street market.[21]: 151 

Over time, many farmers from outside Beijing joined the street market, resulting in disorganized commerce and traffic jams. Local officials repeatedly tried to drive them out, without success, so a member of the Fengtai District Bureau of Industry and Commerce recommended that a wholesale market be established in the village, welcoming the farmers instead of trying to remove them. Xinfadi Village Vegetable Company manager Zhang Yuxi (Chinese: 张玉玺; pinyin: Zhāng Yùxǐ) decided to build a market.[22][23] On May 16, 1988, 15 villagers, led by Zhang, used wire netting to enclose one hectare in Xinfadi Village. They used 150,000 yuan of funding (50,000 each from the district, township, and village) to establish a farmers' market.[21]: 152  In the early days of the market, Zhang, who lacked experience setting up a marketplace, personally sold vegetables in Jining, Zhangjiakou, Luohe, and other places.[24]

Growth

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By 1989, the area used by Xinfadi Market grew to 1.7 hectares; in 1992, it grew to nearly 7 ha; and in 1999, it grew to close to 70 ha.[21]: 152  During this continual growth, Xinfadi Market used low fees and simple procedures to attract customers, and on holidays they did not charge administrative fees. The number of transactions gradually grew, and in 1996 the market's vegetable sales exceeded 1.1 billion kilograms, representing 40% of vegetable sales in Beijing. The market's scope also expanded to include eight categories: vegetables, fruits, grains, oil, meat, seafood, eggs, and condiments.[22] In 2003 the market accounted for 60% of Beijing's vegetable trade.[25] In 2003, Xinfadi Village established 19 residential buildings, dubbed "Xinfadi Executive Paradise" (Chinese: 新发地经营者乐园), to provide housing for managers at Xinfadi Market who were from other places. In 2004, non-market businesses started to move in.[21]: 280–281 [26]

In 2006, 50 individual butcher stallholders sold roughly 200 kilograms of meat each per day. An independent observer said that he saw health inspection certifications on both the stalls and the displayed carcasses.[27]

In 2010, Xinfadi Market occupied 100 hectares, with transactions worth 36 billion RMB.[21]: 153 

As of 2016, the market covered 121 hectares (230 hectares including the "service area" with hotels, restaurants, and other establishments that serve the market).[14]

The 2017 renovation plan, which was budgeted for $220 million, planned for the market's area to be reduced to 68 hectares.[9]

COVID-19 outbreak

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Lockdown near Xinfadi market, 13 June 2020

On June 13, 2020 at 03:00,[13] the public health authority temporarily closed the Xinfadi market due to a COVID-19 outbreak. A "wartime mechanism" was put in place.[28][29][13] Beijing CCP Party Secretary Cai Qi, city leaders Zhang Yankun, Du Feijin, Chen Yong, Wei Xiaodong, Cui Shuqiang, Wang Ning, Lu Yan, Yang Jinbai, Qi Yanjun, and secretary general of the municipal government Jin Wei participated in this decision.[29]

Mass popular testing at the market in week 20 "detected more than 50 new infections". Tourism to the capital has been curtailed as a result,[28] as well as sporting events.[citation needed] Cai said on 13 June that "We must ponder our pains, draw lessons from it, and always tighten the string of epidemic prevention and control." The authorities, who had been urged by the CCP "to act decisively", had found over the previous two days "confirmed cases and positive infections via nucleic acid testing for two consecutive days" as of the morning of 13 June. Analysis from 40 environmental samples also tested positive for COVID-19. It was reported that workers in the market and local residents were required to undergo PCR testing. People who had been to the market since 30 May were required to receive COVID-19 tests.[citation needed] During the weekend of 13 June, soldiers were seen in full uniform trooping in lock step to control the marketplace.[28]

Eleven neighbourhoods near the market were put under lockdown to control the outbreak.[13] Officials announced that they would arrange temporary stands to sell fruits and vegetables, so that produce would still be available in Beijing while the market was closed.[1]

On 15 June, 27 new cases were reported in Beijing, bringing the city's total to 106 since the previous Friday. Lockdowns were declared in residential communities surrounding the market. Authorities barred residents of high-risk areas from leaving Beijing. Taxi services were barred from bringing Beijing residents out of the city.[30]

On 16 June, the government closed all schools in Beijing,[31] as Cai described as "extremely grave".[32] On 17 June, government cancelled 1,000 airplane flights, although the Civil Aviation Administration of China had yet to declare public notice.[32]

On 19 June an official said that "the majority of samples collected from the aquatic and soybean product areas at the market have tested positive for COVID19". As of 20 June, the authorities had sealed off 40 communities in Beijing, and told residents "not to leave their homes to avoid cross infection". Dayanglu Market halted its retail business on 21 June. There are 3,061 vendors in Dayanglu, "whose meat, poultry and egg transactions account 50% of the city's total."[citation needed]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Wang, Vivian; Yu, Elaine (13 June 2020). "Beijing Shuts Down Seafood Market After Dozens Test Positive for Coronavirus". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  2. ^ Waldron, Scott A. (2007). China's Livestock Revolution: Agribusiness and Policy Developments in the Sheep Meat Industry. CABI. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-84593-246-6.
  3. ^ Ahmadi-Esfahani, Fredoun Z. (1998). The Wholesale Demand for Food in China: An Economic Analysis of the Implications for Australia : a Report for the Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-642-54047-8.
  4. ^ "Un nuevo brote en el principal mercado de Pekín dispara las alarmas en China". Diario EL PAIS Uruguay (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  5. ^ "张玉玺：确保供应 精心打造首都"菜篮子"" (in Chinese). 人民网. 2008-02-15. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  6. ^ 王晓然 徐天悦 郭缤璐 (2018-11-23). "批发改便民 南城商业脱胎换骨". 北京商报. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  7. ^ "保供首都"餐桌"，它怎么做到的——北京新发地农产品批发市场调研" (in Chinese). 经济日报. 2020-04-28. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  8. ^ "淘宝式传奇：北京新发地市场的26年". 土地资源网 (in Chinese). 2014-05-04. Retrieved 13 June 2020.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Beijing renovates largest produce wholesale market". China.org.cn. Xinhua. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 2019-12-28.
  10. ^ "Beijing closes food market after more than 50 test positive for coronavirus". CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  11. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kuo, Lily (13 June 2020). "Beijing reimposes lockdown measures after new Covid-19 outbreak". The Observer. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  12. ^ "Beijing Locks Down Part of City After Virus Outbreak at Market". Bloomberg. 13 June 2020.
  13. ^ a b c d "Beijing district in 'wartime emergency' after virus cluster at major food market". Reuters. 13 June 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
  14. ^ a b c Ploeg, Jan Douwe van der; Ye, Jingzhong (2016). China's Peasant Agriculture and Rural Society: Changing paradigms of farming. Routledge. p. 201. ISBN 978-1-317-28546-5.
  15. ^ Brown, Colin G; Longworth, John W; Waldron, Scott A (2018). Regionalisation and Integration in China: Lessons from the Transformation of the Beef Industry: Lessons from the Transformation of the Beef Industry. Routledge. p. 299. ISBN 9781351746656.
  16. ^ Longworth, John William; Brown, Colin G.; Waldron, Scott A. (2001). Beef in China: Agribusiness Opportunities and Challenges. University of Queensland Press. p. 248. ISBN 9780702232312.
  17. ^ 丰台区地名志编辑委员会 (1993). 北京市丰台区地名志 (in Chinese). 北京出版社. ISBN 7-200-02304-3.
  18. ^ 北京市地方志编纂委员会 (2005). 北京志·综合经济管理卷·物价志 (in Chinese). 北京出版社. ISBN 7-200-05889-0.
  19. ^ 北京市地方志编纂委员会 (2001). 北京志·农业卷·种植业志. 北京出版社. ISBN 7-200-04462-8.
  20. ^ "外地蔬菜进京的前前后后". 北京日报 (in Chinese). 2019-10-31. p. 14. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  21. ^ a b c d e 程茹云 (2010). 新发地村志 (in Chinese). 中共北京市丰台区花乡新发地村委会; 北京市丰台区花乡新发地村村民委员会.
  22. ^ a b 张松峰 (1997). "摊商云集市场暖——北京新发地农产品批发市场纪实". 中国市场 (in Chinese) (5). 中国物流采购联合会: 63–64. ISSN 1005-6432.
  23. ^ "新发地记忆". 北京日报. 2018-08-23. Retrieved 2020-06-13. |lang=zh
  24. ^ 奇敏; 江涛 (2002). "新发地的"道德经济"——访北京新发地农产品批发市场总经理张玉玺". 经济世界 (8). 新华社对外部: 82–85. ISSN 1001-5310.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ "反击非典 保卫北京 北京菜价昨日全面回落". 北京娱乐信报. 2003-04-26. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  26. ^ "新发地商户，配套社区里有安稳的家". 北京日报. 2017-12-22. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  27. ^ Waldron, Scott (2010). Modernising Agrifood Chains in China: Implications for Rural Development. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 9781443825443.
  28. ^ a b c "Live Coronavirus latest news: China restarts lockdown in Beijing after virus discovered at food market". Telegraph Media Group Limited. 13 June 2020.
  29. ^ a b Yan, Yan; Li, Yuan (13 June 2020). "蔡奇調度疫情防控工作並赴豐台區西城區現場檢查時要求 果斷處置精准防控 迅速堅決阻斷傳染源". People's Network. cpcnews.cn. Cai Qi dispatched epidemic prevention and control work and went to the on-site inspection in Xicheng District of Fengtai District to require decisive treatment and precise prevention and control, and quickly and resolutely block the source of infection
  30. ^ "Beijing ramps up testing and lockdown measures as outbreak grows". CBC. The Associated Press. 16 June 2020.
  31. ^ "Beijing orders closure of schools amid 'severe' coronavirus outbreak". Telegraph Media Group Limited. 16 June 2020.
  32. ^ a b "Beijing ramps up coronavirus restrictions as cases spread to nearby provinces". NBC UNIVERSAL. 17 June 2020.
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39°48′42″N 116°20′04″E / 39.81167°N 116.33444°E / 39.81167; 116.33444

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