Wikipedia:Activist

This is an essay.

It contains the advice or opinions of one or more Wikipedia contributors. This page is not an encyclopedia article, nor is it one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, as it has not been thoroughly vetted by the community. Some essays represent widespread norms; others only represent minority viewpoints.

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WP:ACTIVIST

Wikipedia is a very popular reference source on the Internet. Therefore, activists with a specific ideological, religious, political, national or other agenda may put the goal of promoting their views above that of improving the encyclopedia. Anyone may become an activist for a cause once they begin editing articles on engaging topics. (Actually, from the social movement studies perspective, each person who contributes to Wikipedia already is an activist in the Wikimedia movement, part of the free culture movement/free software movement).^[1]

Activists can affect Wikipedia's reliability, especially if they violate Wikipedia's neutral point-of-view policy. The policy is subjective in nature, making it difficult to enforce. A lone activist, while irritating to editors who try to present material neutrally, generally cannot exercise controlling ownership over a topic unless they have the clout of an administrator, are an experienced editor who has a group of supporters, or both. However, when activists band together with other like-minded editors, they can overwhelm an article or skew an entire range of articles related to their common topics of interest. Once an article is "on message", such a group can act as guardians to keep it that way.

Below are guidelines for determining if an article is being unduly influenced by activists, as well as advice on how to deal with the various problems caused by violations of Wikipedia's policies.

Basic ways to spot activists

Editors operating in good faith, not seeking to promote specific views, will usually try to find some way to cooperate, collaborate, and compromise with almost all other editors. Rather than just insisting on their version of the article, good faith editors work with other editors to find ways to resolve disputes and to retain the substance of the text at issue. As general principle, an activist has a highly flexible approach to policy interpretation, ultimately driven by the sole motivator of delivering their message and obscuring or eliminating any competing messages. (Stephen Colbert once declared Wikipedia a "battlefield of information", and activists routinely use it that way.)

This flexible approach to policy interpretation, depending on whether or not it aligns with the activist's views, applies to all areas of policy, WP:RS and derivative guidelines in particular. Meta-analyses are the best evidence when they align to the point of view of the activist, but have severe limitations when they don't. Similarly, randomized controlled trials are the gold standard when they produce the result the activist agrees with, but are highly dubious, ghostwritten industry shills, subject to disqualifying publication bias when they don't, etc. Even if the article is of sufficient quality for Good Article or Featured Article status, activists will ignore this in favor of insisting upon adding information that supports their viewpoint.

In this section only essential techniques are covered. Consummate editors in difficult areas of Wikipedia have written at length on the more subtle aspects.

Hostility

If you find yourself at the center of a maelstrom, stay calm and stick to the civility policies.

Activists don't want any other editors taking their articles off message. So, activists will try to drive away editors they don't approve of. The method used to accomplish this is usually to make the other editors feel very unwelcome in the activists' articles. The activists will display consistent and continuous incivility, including personal attacks, hectoring comments, biting edit summaries, baiting, condescension, and just plain rudeness. Often the activists will revert unwelcome edits with curt or misleading edit summaries, then ignore attempts to discuss their reverts on the article talk page. The activists will especially engage in passive or aggressive incivility and hostility if they don't think they are being watched closely by Wikipedia's administrators, which may be because several of the activists are administrators themselves.

Many times the unwelcome editors will protest that their personal point of view on the topic is the same as the activist's. It doesn't matter. If the editor interferes with keeping the article on message, they will be treated with the same amount of hostility as any other unwelcome editor.

One WP behavioral guideline directs us to give new editors some leeway. We understand that new editors may need some time to learn how we do things around here and what the policies and guidelines are and how they are applied. Activist editors, on the other hand, will usually be just as, if not more, rude and mean to the newbie participants as to any other unwelcome editors.

The incivility by activists usually follows the same pattern. First, the activists will revert the unwelcome edits with curt, dismissive edit summaries. Then, if the reverted editor starts a discussion about it on the talk page, the activists, if they respond, will belittle the editor's opinions in that discussion, such as by telling the editor that they appear to have little-to-no knowledge of the subject matter, that they obviously don't understand what the source is really stating, that they should read the discussion page archive before participating further, and/or that their edit added no value to the article's content. The activists may accuse the other editor, directly or indirectly, of being a sockpuppet or editing on behalf of a banned editor. Even if this is true, they have no right to object to edits that add information. In extreme cases, the activists will gang up and pile on the editor with uncivil comments either on the article talk page or on the editor's user talk page. The end goal is the same, to influence the editor into moving on, the sooner the better.

Removal of information

Activists will routinely cite UNDUE WEIGHT to remove views as too minority, not specialist enough. Only the activists' views will be sufficiently weighty.

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WP:BADPOV

Removal of information contrary to what the activists know is "right" is frequently seen. Wikipedia generally prefers to use policy to determine how much of a source to include, and requires that the reliability of any source be evaluated in context. Removal may be justified by inappropriate application of policies. For example, an activist may inappropriately claim that a source is not reliable and that the removed material is WP:SYNTHESIS. They may use WP:UNDUE to remove all mention beyond appropriate weight, and may claim something is WP:FRINGE when it is not. Minority views should be presented in conformance with their overall prominence. "Wrong views" are allowed in Wikipedia articles.

Wikipedia processes like deletion and various quality assessment processes may be misused by activists. Activists may, after deleting significant content and removing many of the sources cited, nominate the article for deletion. Sometimes one editor or group of editors will remove 50% or more of an article for that goal.

Addition of poorly sourced material

Activists promoting a cause have been known to use poor quality sources. If they belong to an organized cause they may rely on publications issued by the organizations, some of which violate Wikipedia's prohibition on self-published sources. Foreign language sources, including those which would not be considered reliable or independent, are sometimes used unnecessarily in place of English-language sources. Activists may rely excessively on primary sources and use them to support original research conclusions. They may also misrepresent the contents of reliable sources.

Activists may argue that special circumstances require the use of these sources. Activists can say that the mainstream media or scientific community is biased against their cause, that their field is too specialized to be covered adequately except in their preferred sources, that the sources are needed to provide balance to other viewpoints found in more reliable sources, that movement publications are the best available sources for information about the cause, or that other editors are too ignorant to understand the issue or too biased to judge the sources adequately. They may even say that sources are unnecessary because an asserted fact is common knowledge.

Addition of well-sourced but biased material

Conversely, activists' organizations may have their own libraries and individual activists may have their own collections. This accumulation of sources, used non-neutrally, gives activists access to obscure publications which are difficult or expensive for other editors to verify. The WikiProject Resource Exchange can help in locating and verifying obscure sources.

Source misrepresentation

Sources may be acceptable but represented unfairly, resulting in a misleading summary. An example is presenting a false balance (WP:GEVAL) to suggest an important controversy that is not shared by experts in the field or that every position is an equally informed opinion. Another is cherry picking, selecting a citation from a source to present it as a conclusion that is not that of the source. Another is distorting what the source intended to convey.

A classic example is claiming that Charles Darwin himself ultimately affirmed that evolution was "absurd in the highest possible degree", by quoting a part of an introduction, instead of the chapter's conclusion that it is plausible, with its explanation on how it could occur. Other than misrepresenting Darwin's work, it also serves to dismiss more evidence of evolution that was not yet available in his time, like that supplied by molecular biology and genetics and to disregard the scientific consensus about evolution.^[2]

Biographies of living people

Another sign that ideological activists might control a topic is their treatment of biographies of living people (BLP). Activists treat the BLPs of their ideological adversaries as dumping grounds for almost any kind of pejorative or impeaching information they can find. It doesn't really matter how tenuous the sources are. They could be posts from an advocacy blog hosted by a political lobbying organization, a professor's self-published slide show, or the subject's signature on some controversial petition, it's all good to go as far as they are concerned. Any attempt to remove or qualify some of the negative information or balance out the BLP in question, even a little, is met with cries of "whitewash!" and WP:NOTCENSORED by the activists on each other's talk pages and a quick call to action.

On the other hand, if someone tries to do the same thing to the BLP of someone who agrees with their ideology, Wikipedia's BLP-related policies suddenly become holy writ, strictly interpreted and strenuously enforced with pharisaical fervor. Normally reliable sources, such as major newspapers, suddenly become unreliable, partisan, self-published, rantings from fringe fanatics and cranks.

Conflicts of interest

Activism does not always involve a specific "cause". Sometimes editors act out of a personal connection, which might involve their own organizations, national or ethnic heritage, family associations, or religious affiliation, and in some cases this might represent a conflict of interest (COI).

For example, an editor from Country X may edit exclusively articles pertaining to Country X, its social institutions and politicians, and may themself be personally involved in Country X. They may be an active member of Wikiproject Country X. In such cases, it is important to be aware of potential bias, but so far this does not describe a conflict of interest. If, however, their involvement reaches the point, for example, of authoring or editing articles in which they have a direct personal connection, or about persons or institutions from Country X known to them personally, there is a potential COI.

In extreme cases, such a COI may be evinced by the user uploading photographs of themself or family members – or even their place of birth – in articles that have only a remote connection. Or turning their user page into a personal website, contrary to Wikipedia guidelines.

While it is perfectly acceptable, and even expected, for editors to write and shape articles in areas of interest, they must be careful to avoid engaging in activism for those interests, especially when they have a strong personal connection. Editors must guard against engaging in activities which border on self-promotion or other forms of conflict of interest, for either themselves, members of their family, their friends or organizations with which they are affiliated.

Wikipedia's conflict of interest rules, set forth in WP:COI, lean heavily on disclosure. It is definitely better for a conflict to be disclosed than for it to be disguised and pursued on the sly. But disclosure does not "cure" a conflict of interest, it merely discloses it. Indeed, an editor may use their real name to gain an advantage over other editors.

The weakness of the Conflict of Interest policy is just that – it is weak. It's not even a policy, it is a "behavioral guideline". Editors are allowed to edit articles about themselves, their spouses and children, preferably with the COI disclosed. A COI must be disclosed, however, in cases when it involves payment for editing. Editors with a COI should not be condemned when they edit Wikipedia to correct misinformation about themselves, or to add information that improves an article. But problems arise when an editor uses their position to advance their personal or professional interests.

What can you do about it?

A cautionary note: Never accuse any specific editor of being an activist, lest they charge you with violating no personal attacks, and attempt to get you blocked.

Are they there?

The major issue is "Are they there?" Is the topic area controlled by a group sharing a definite point of view? Is there just a coincidental overlap of editors on a topic?

Activists who've been banned may try to return to the project using sock accounts. If they are identified as socks and blocked then their contributions may all be reverted. In a dispute, activists may accuse opposing editors of being socks of a banned user, whether that is correct or not.

A clear clue is found by writing an entirely new article in the area of the topic at issue. The best is a subject that, for whatever reason, the activists have tried to keep from being mentioned or covered to any extent in the other articles in that topic. The requirement of any good faith editor on Wikipedia is to find as many reliable sources as one can to create a good article. Draft a complete, comprehensive, factual, well-sourced, and NPOV article on the subject on a page in your userspace or offline. Make sure you give appropriate weight to all sides of the issue. When the article is ready, post it in mainspace and link it, as appropriate, to the other articles in that subject area.^[3]

If any group is trying to control the topic area, they are likely to try to either remove the new article (WP:AFD), or excise all material in the article which conflicts in any manner at all with their point of view. They will generally remove the links from related articles quickly. Occasionally a group will simply add sufficient material from their own point of view to overwhelm the rest of the article.

Why this works

Bear Baiting in Saxon Times—try to avoid succumbing to provocation of this type.

What may be most startling about the activists' behavior is that they will act this way knowing full well that they are entrapping themselves. Perhaps they will have even already read this essay and know that you are not hiding what you are trying to do. They will act this way anyway, because they can't help themselves. The activists have spent too much time and effort getting the topic area on message to let anything challenge the status quo they have created. Their belief that their cause is just and right is so strong that they don't feel that they are doing anything wrong. Thus, most activists will find themselves unwilling and unable to act in any other way.

Make sure that you never allow yourself to be baited by the activists into responding with incivility, edit warring, or any other violation of policy yourself. For sure it can be frustrating to spend 30 minutes adding a new paragraph with robust sourcing to an article, only to have it reverted 10 minutes later. Always act, however, with kindness, patience, forbearance, calmness, and with continual attempts to cooperate, collaborate, and compromise.

The admins and uninvolved editors who respond to your first attempts at dispute resolution, such as an RfC in which you document the activists' actions, may at first appear not to support your assertions of partisan editing in the topic area, especially if the activists' POV seems to agree with popular opinion on the topic or several of the activists are established editors with many wiki-friends. Admins may also be reluctant to take action, especially against the activists' apparent leader, because of the intimidating gang-up, pile-on response which will result from the other activists in that bloc. Don't give up, however, repeat the same process above with another article and try again. Sooner or later more editors will notice what is going on and try to do something about it.

What can Wikipedia do about it?

Currently, content disputes at Wikipedia are generally resolved by a consensus of the editors at the talk page of each respective article. The Arbitration Committee, for example, does not resolve content disputes, and Wikipedia administrators are not supposed to use their tools for resolving content disputes. Various noticeboards and wikiprojects are merely advisory in nature, and the editors at a noticeboard or wikiproject may not be representative of general Wikipedia sentiment; moreover, editors at a noticeboard or wikiproject may be reluctant to plunge in to discussion at the talk page of an article even if those editors may agree that the content is problematic. Although the editors at an article talk page can agree to dispute resolution, that requires voluntary cooperation, and why would a group of editors who are successfully controlling and biasing an article want to jeopardize their position by submitting to mediation or the like? In any event, the content issues at an article may be too frequent and/or numerous to take each one through a time-consuming dispute resolution.

Perhaps Wikipedia can do a better job of providing ways to deal with activists who glom onto an article and bias its content. One possibility would be to give a body like the Arbitration Committee (or some other representative committee) power to make binding content decisions, maybe by a supermajority vote. Thus far, consensus to do something like that has not occurred. Whether a committee like that would operate only when cases are brought before it, or rather would be able to do things more pro-actively, is an open question.

Policies and guidelines can also be strengthened to make activism harder.

Multiple factions

Two factions having a 'vigorous exchange of viewpoints'

Sometimes a topic is a focus of more than one faction of activists. In that case, one of the blocs is usually dominant, either because it has more editors, is better organized, its members have more time on their hands, its edits align more closely with what one would expect from a serious, respectable reference work (each faction will probably claim they are engaging in this particular behavior), or a combination of the four.

The activists of all the factions can still be identified because they will all engage in the behaviors listed above. In this situation, the controlling faction of activists should be dealt with first, because it is the faction that is controlling the content of the articles. Once they have been dealt with, the other factions should get the message and cease the same behavior. If they don't, then they'll have to be dealt with in the same way.

The intrinsic futility of activist editing

To force one's POV into ostensibly neutral encyclopedia articles shows a basic faithlessness in the truth, rightness, and justice of one's cause, which, if it were really so, could be promoted without recourse to such immorality. Limited disclosure of POV on one's userpage may serve a valuable purpose in forcing the self-knowledge and self-discipline to admit that one holds it, both to oneself and to one's fellow editors, thereby guarding against activist temptations through voluntary self-control and acceptance of external discipline. Consistent with WP:USERPAGE, lengthy polemics should be avoided.

Activists, like all editors, must understand the fundamental importance of "Five pillars". Please read them and refer to them frequently. Any editor who has a personal or financial connection with an organisation or person should comply with Wikipedia's conflict of interest guideline.

Regarding "not censored"

WP:NOTCENSORED is a focal point of perennial conflict on Wikipedia. It basically means that material which is "objectionable" to a person or group is not automatically barred from being on Wikipedia.

Arbitration list

Notes

^ Konieczny, Piotr (2009). "Wikipedia: Community or social movement?". Interface: a journal for and about social movements. 2 (1): 212–232.
^ "Evolution of the eye". New Scientist. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
^ Some might consider this to be poor advice. Wikipedia is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia. If you develop an article off-line (as this essay recommends), then you miss the chance to collaborate and get feedback from other editors during article development. When you post the article into Wikipedia mainspace, it's likely to attract a flurry of editing. This is how Wikipedia works; your writing is prone to be revised mercilessly by other editors, sometimes for the better, sometimes for the worse. If you make a habit of developing articles offline, in isolation, you are likely to view this fundamental aspect of collaborative editing as a form of persecution, which this essay reinforces.

External links

Meatball:DefendEachOther

[1] Konieczny, Piotr (2009). "Wikipedia: Community or social movement?". Interface: a journal for and about social movements. 2 (1): 212–232.

[2] "Evolution of the eye". New Scientist. Retrieved 30 June 2021.

[3] Some might consider this to be poor advice. Wikipedia is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia. If you develop an article off-line (as this essay recommends), then you miss the chance to collaborate and get feedback from other editors during article development. When you post the article into Wikipedia mainspace, it's likely to attract a flurry of editing. This is how Wikipedia works; your writing is prone to be revised mercilessly by other editors, sometimes for the better, sometimes for the worse. If you make a habit of developing articles offline, in isolation, you are likely to view this fundamental aspect of collaborative editing as a form of persecution, which this essay reinforces.

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