The vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS)[1][2] is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces,[3] ranking just below the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The vice chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches.[3] The vice chairman assists the chairman in exercising their duties. In the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and performs all other duties prescribed under 10 U.S.C. § 153 and may also perform other duties that the president, the chairman, or the secretary of defense prescribes.[3]
| Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
|---|---|
.svg) Seal of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | |
 Flag of the Vice Chairman of the JCS | |
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| Joint Chiefs of Staff Department of Defense | |
| Abbreviation | VJCS |
| Member of | Defense Acquisition Board Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Requirements Oversight Council |
| Reports to | President Secretary of Defense Chairman |
| Seat | The Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, U.S. |
| Appointer | The President with Senate advice and consent |
| Term length | 4 years |
| Constituting instrument | 10 U.S.C. § 154 |
| Formation | February 6, 1987 |
| First holder | Robert T. Herres |
| Deputy | Director |
| Website | www |
The 12th and current vice chairman is Admiral Christopher W. Grady, who assumed office on December 20, 2021.
Responsibilities
editAlthough the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the vice chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The operational chain of command runs from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the commanders of the unified combatant commands.[4] The vice chairman's primary duties include: "overseeing joint military requirements, representing the military in National Security Council deputies meetings, and performing other duties as directed by the chairman."[5]
Appointment and term limitations
editThe vice chairman is nominated by the president for appointment from any of the regular components of the armed forces, and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate.[3] The chairman and vice chairman may not be members of the same armed force service branch.[3] However, the president may waive that restriction for a limited period of time in order to provide for the orderly transition of officers appointed to serve in those positions.[3] The vice chairman serves a single four-year term of office at the pleasure of the president,[3][6] and cannot be reappointed to serve additional terms unless in times of war or national emergency,[3][6] in which case there is no limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed.[3]
The vice chairman is also not eligible to be appointed for promotion to chairman, or any other four-star position in the armed forces, unless the president determines that it is necessary in the interest of the nation.[3][6] The vice chairman assumes office on October 1 of every odd-number year, except the assumption of that term may not begin in the same year as the term of the chairman.[6] By statute, the vice chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral.[3]
History
editThe position of vice chairman was created by the Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 in order to centralize the military advisory chain of command to the president, the secretary of defense, and to the National Security Council. Originally the vice chairman was not included as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, until the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1992 made him a full voting member.[7] Historically, the vice chairman has served two, two-year terms before the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 amended the vice chairman's term length, beginning on January 1, 2021.[6] The same act also set a statutory beginning term date.[6] Prior to that, the position was filled whenever the previous holder left office.
List of vice chairman
editGeneral Richard B. Myers and General Peter Pace were later appointed to serve as chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff from 2001 to 2005 and from 2005 to 2007, respectively.
| No. | Portrait | Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Service branch | Chairman |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | General Robert T. Herres (1932–2008) | February 6, 1987 | February 28, 1990 (retired) | 3 years, 22 days |  U.S. Air Force | William J. Crowe Colin Powell | |
| 2 | Admiral David E. Jeremiah (1934–2013) [a] | March 1, 1990 | February 28, 1994 (retired) | 3 years, 364 days |  U.S. Navy | Colin Powell John Shalikashvili | |
| 3 | Admiral William A. Owens (born 1940) | March 1, 1994 | February 27, 1996 (retired) | 1 year, 363 days | U.S. Navy | John Shalikashvili | |
| 4 | General Joseph Ralston (born 1943) | March 1, 1996 | February 29, 2000 (appointed SACEUR) | 3 years, 365 days | U.S. Air Force | John Shalikashvili Hugh Shelton | |
| 5 | General Richard Myers (born 1942) | February 29, 2000 | October 1, 2001 (appointed JCS chairman) | 1 year, 215 days | U.S. Air Force | Hugh Shelton | |
| 6 | General Peter Pace (born 1945) | October 1, 2001 | August 12, 2005 (appointed JCS chairman) | 3 years, 315 days |  U.S. Marine Corps | Richard Myers | |
| 7 | Admiral Edmund Giambastiani (born 1948) | August 12, 2005 | July 27, 2007 (retired) | 1 year, 349 days | U.S. Navy | Richard Myers Peter Pace | |
| 8 | General James E. Cartwright (born 1949) | August 31, 2007 | August 3, 2011 (retired) | 3 years, 337 days | U.S. Marine Corps | Peter Pace Michael Mullen | |
| 9 | Admiral James A. Winnefeld Jr. (born 1956) | August 4, 2011 | July 31, 2015 (retired) | 3 years, 361 days | U.S. Navy | Michael Mullen Martin Dempsey | |
| 10 | General Paul J. Selva (born 1958) | July 31, 2015 | July 31, 2019 (retired) | 4 years, 0 days | U.S. Air Force | Martin Dempsey Joseph Dunford | |
| 11 | General John E. Hyten (born 1959) | November 21, 2019 | November 19, 2021 (retired) | 1 year, 363 days | U.S. Air Force | Mark Milley | |
| 12 | Admiral Christopher W. Grady (born 1962) | December 20, 2021 | Incumbent | 2 years, 365 days | U.S. Navy | Mark Milley Charles Q. Brown Jr. |
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Timeline
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Vice Chairmen by branch of service within the Department of Defense
edit- Army: 0
- Marine Corps: 2
- Navy: 5
- Air Force: 5
- Space Force: 0
Positional color
edit
The positional color (flag) of the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987.[8]
See also
edit- Defense Acquisition Board
- Deputy's Advisory Working Group, a policy review panel co-chaired by DEPSECDEF and VJCS
- Joint Requirements Oversight Council
Notes
edit- ^ Served as acting chairman from October 1 to October 24, 1993.
References
edit- ^ Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman - DSD/VJCS NEWS CONFERENCE
- ^ Department of Defense - DSD/VJCS NEWS CONFERENCE
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 10 U.S.C. § 154 - Vice Chairman
- ^ 10 U.S.C. § 162 - Combatant commands: assigned forces; chain of command
- ^ "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff".
- ^ a b c d e f Public Law 114–328 - The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 increased the term length Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from two years to four years and the Vice Chairman is no longer eligible to become Chairman.
- ^ "Joint Chiefs of Staff > About > The Joint Staff > Vice Chairman". www.jcs.mil. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Army Regulation 840-10, paragraph 3-14 (2 Apr. 1992).