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United States Bicycle Route System

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The United States Bicycle Route System (abbreviated USBRS) is the national cycling route network of the United States. It consists of interstate long-distance cycling routes that use multiple types of bicycling infrastructure, including off-road paths, bicycle lanes, and low-traffic roads. As with the complementary United States Numbered Highways system for motorists, each U.S. Bicycle Route is maintained by state and local governments. The USBRS is intended to eventually traverse the entire country, like the Dutch National Cycle Routes and the United Kingdom's National Cycle Network, yet at a scale similar to the EuroVelo network that spans Europe.

United States Bicycle Route System
1978 marker 2009 marker 2023 marker
1978, 2009, and 2023 route markers
System information
Length18,953 mi[1] (30,502 km)
Formed1978
Highway names
US Routes:U.S. Bicycle Route nn (USBR nn)
System links

The USBRS was established in 1978 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the same body that coordinates the numbering of Interstate highways and U.S. Routes. The first two U.S. Bicycle Routes were established in 1982 and remained the only two until 2011. Steady growth and interest in the system has followed since.[2][3][4] As of November 2022, 29 parent routes and 24 child routes extend 18,953 miles (30,502 km) across 34 states and the District of Columbia.[1] The system, once fully connected, is projected to encompass over 50,000 miles (80,000 km) of bike routes.[5]

Layout

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Like United States Numbered Highways and many national routing systems, the U.S. Bicycle Route system is designed to roughly follow a grid. Mainline routes are the major cross-country routes and are represented with one- or two-digit numbers. Even-numbered routes are planned to primarily run east–west, with low-numbered routes in the north and high-numbered routes in the south. Odd-numbered routes will primarily run north–south, with low-numbered routes starting in the east and ascending in number toward the west. Three-digit numbers are assigned to auxiliary routes, with the last two digits denoting the parent that the auxiliary connects to. Much like other routing systems, the grid is sometimes violated; for example, U.S. Bicycle Route 76 (USBR 76) is projected to turn to the north in Colorado and end in Oregon as opposed to California, south of (and temporarily concurrent with) USBR 20 but far north of USBR 50. As with auxiliary Interstate Highways, two distinct U.S. Bicycle Routes in two different states along the same mainline route may share the same three-digit number without any plan to connect the routes. The first example of this repetition occurred in 2021 with the approval of USBR 230 in Ohio, which is not intended to connect to an existing USBR 230 in Wisconsin.[6]

The existing USBR 1 will be the easternmost route, though USBR 5 will run farther east of it in Virginia and the Carolinas. The westernmost and northernmost routes are USBR 97 and USBR 8, respectively, both of which are in the state of Alaska, but USBR 97 also enters Washington. Outside of Alaska, the westernmost route is expected to be USBR 95 and the northernmost USBR 8. USBR 90 is expected to be the southernmost route.[7] Despite the analogy the system has to the U.S. Highway system, the USBRS's route numbers do not necessarily trace the same route as the corresponding U.S. Highway number; for example, while USBR 1 will run close to the East Coast and thus parallel U.S. Route 1 (US 1), the projected route of USBR 10 generally follows US 2.

In order for a route to qualify as a U.S. Bike Route, it needs to connect two or more states, connect multiple U.S. Bike Routes, or connect a U.S. Bike Route with a national border.

History

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The USBRS was established in 1978 by AASHTO for the purpose of "facilitat[ing] travel between the states over routes which have been identified as being more suitable than others for cycling."[8]

The first routes were defined in 1982: U.S. Bicycle Route 1 (USBR 1) from North Carolina to Virginia, and the stretch of USBR 76 from Illinois through Kentucky to Virginia. These two routes remained the only routes in the system until 2011. In the interim, only minor routing changes had been made in Virginia.

AASHTO established a new task force in 2003 to study expansion of the system.[2][9][10] The task force included state and federal highway officials and representatives from bicycling organizations. In October 2008, AASHTO approved a national-level corridor and route designation plan.[11] Other organizations involved in the effort include state departments of transportation, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the Adventure Cycling Association.

In 2009, the U.S. House of Representatives proposed moving the U.S. Bicycle Route System under the authority of the FHWA as part of a new Office of Livability.[12] In 2009, the FHWA published a new edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices that introduces a revised U.S. Bicycle Route shield. Compared to the 2003 edition, the new design swaps the bicycle symbol and route number.[9]

In early May 2011, the first major expansion of the system was made. Five new parent routes, two child routes, and one alternate route were created, along with modifications to the existing routes in Virginia and the establishment of USBR 1 in New England.[3][4]

In 2012, the FHWA approved the use of an alternative U.S. Bicycle Route marker design on an interim basis. The alternative design departs from the longstanding "acorn" shape in favor of a Reuleaux triangle placed over a green background.[13] The FHWA gave 17 states interim approval to use the alternative design[14] before formally incorporating it into the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices in 2023.[15]

Across 2013, several other additions to the system were made. After approval in 2012, signage for USBR 45 in Minnesota was completed in the summer. An expansion of USBR 76 into Missouri was signed in October, and both Tennessee and Maryland entered the system on November 5 with USBR 23 and USBR 50, respectively.[5] Florida has also begun planning on four bicycle routes, including its stretch of USBR 1 and USBR 90.[16]

List of routes

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As of November 2022, there are 31 official parent routes in varying stages of completion. In areas where a specific route has not been approved by AASHTO, there is only a prioritized corridor. The 24 existing subsidiary and alternate routes are grouped with their one- or two-digit parents.[6] Approved or signposted routes are located in the District of Columbia and 33 states: Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, and West Virginia. Ohio has the most of any state, with eight active routes total.[17]

Route number States with approved routes States within corridor Official length Formed Notes
(mi) (km)
   
USBR 1 		Maine,[18] New Hampshire,[19] Massachusetts,[20] Maryland,[21] District of Columbia,[22] Virginia,[23][20] North Carolina, Georgia,[24] Florida[25] Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida 1,820.401 2,930 1982 One of the original routes.
 
USBR 1A 		Maine[18] Maine 135 217 2011 Seaside alternative to USBR 1 in Maine.
 
USBR 201 		Delaware, Maryland[22] Delaware, Maryland 105.1 169 2020
 
USBR 501 		Maine[26] Maine 327 526 2019
   
USBR 7 		Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut 380.6 613 2015
 
USBR 8 		Alaska[27] Alaska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan 290.94 468 2011 The northernmost route in the system, USBR 8 was approved from Fairbanks to the Canadian border, following Alaska Route 2 along the Richardson and Alaska highways.[28][27] A second section will run from USBR 10 in Minnesota to USBR 10 in Michigan.
 
USBR 108 		Alaska[27] Alaska 302 486 2011 A spur of USBR 8 that follows Alaska Route 1 from Tok to Anchorage, at a junction with USBR 97.[27]
 
USBR 208 		Alaska[27] Alaska 39 63 2011 A spur of Route 8 that follows the Haines Highway.[27]
   
USBR 10 		Washington, Idaho,[29] Michigan[20] Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington 663.6 1,068 2014 Northernmost planned route in the contiguous United States, roughly following the U.S. Route 2 highway.
 
USBR 110 		Idaho Idaho 29.8 48 2017
 
USBR 210 		Idaho Idaho 33.6 54 2017
 
USBR 310 		Washington Washington 1.2 2 2018
 
USBR 410 		Idaho Idaho 50 80 2017
 
USBR 610 		Washington, Idaho Washington 2.1 3 2018 Extended into Idaho in 2023.[30]
   
USBR 11 		Maryland,[20] West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York[22] North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York 170.3 274 2014 This route generally parallels U.S. Route 11. The first section was established in Maryland on November 24, 2014.[20]
   
USBR 15 		Georgia, Florida New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida 106.2 171 2018 First segment from Fitzgerald, Georgia, to Florida state line approved in 2018.[31] The second segment from the Georgia state line to USBR 90 in Madison, Florida was approved in 2018.[32]
   
USBR 20 		Michigan, Minnesota, Washington,[6] Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon 575.7 926 2011 Routing in Washington has been approved from Lewis and Clark Trail State Park to Idaho state line at Clarkston, Washington;[33] Michigan section approved from the international Bluewater Ferry to Canada in Marine City, Michigan, and is planned to incorporate the Lake Michigan Carferry crossing between Ludington, Michigan and Manitowoc, Wisconsin.[28]
 
USBR 21 		Kentucky,[24] Georgia, Ohio,[6] Tennessee[34] Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia 1,043.4 1,679 2015

USBR 121 		Tennessee 2023 Chattanooga to Nashville.[30]
 
USBR 221 		Georgia Georgia 12.6 20 2018 Originally established in 2015 as USBR 321; renumbered in 2018.[35]
 
USBR 421 		Georgia Georgia 38.8 62 2018 Originally established in 2015 as USBR 521; renumbered in 2018.[36]
 
USBR 621 		Georgia Georgia 2016
 
USBR 23 		Kentucky,[24] Tennessee Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama 262.5 422 2013 The planned route takes it through northern Alabama. Route in Tennessee was approved in 2013.[5] Kentucky route was approved in 2018.[37]
 
USBR 25 		Ohio[6] Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama 308.2 496 2021 Planned to run from north of Detroit, Michigan south to Mobile, Alabama.
 
USBR 225 		Ohio[6] Ohio 2.3 4 2021
   
USBR 30 		Pennsylvania, Wisconsin,[38][39] North Dakota,[22] Ohio[6] New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, Montana 628.6 1,012 2018 First segment established in 2018.[40] Planned to incorporate the Lake Express ferry crossing on Lake Michigan between Muskegon, Michigan and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Follows the North Coast Inland Trail in Ohio.
 
USBR 230 		Ohio[6] Ohio 78.1 126 2021 Coastal alternative to USBR 30 following the coast of Lake Erie. First auxiliary route in the system to share its number with another route in another state.
 
USBR 230 		Wisconsin[38][41] Wisconsin 40.02 64 2020 Provides a non ferry alternative to USBR 30 in a part of Wisconsin when the Merrimac Ferry is not in service.
 
USBR 35 		Michigan, Indiana Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi 856.95 1,379 2012 Planned to run from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan to USBR 45 on the Mississippi River in Mississippi or Louisiana. Michigan portion dedicated on May 19, 2012.[42] Indiana portion approved in September 2015.[43] Northbound route through downtown Charlevoix, Michigan, added in 2018.[44]
 
USBR 35A 		Indiana Indiana 30.4 49 2015
 
USBR 235 		Indiana[6] Indiana 122.1 197 2021
   
USBR 36 		Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York 471.60 759 2014 Segment from Chicago to the Michigan state line established in 2014.[45][43] Segment through Pennsylvania added in 2018.[46] Planned to stretch from eastern Oregon to New York City.
 
USBR 37 		Illinois Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois 57.4 92 2014 Currently runs from the Wisconsin–Illinois state line south to Chicago.[45] Planned to begin at USBR 10 near the border with Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Originally planned as part of USBR 66.[47]
 
USBR 40 		Washington[6] Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Washington, D.C. 1.9 3.1 2021 Established in Washington in 2021, comprising a short section from Tekoa, Washington, to the Idaho state border along Washington State Route 274. Planned to follow the Great American Rail-Trail from La Push, Washington, to Washington, D.C.[33][48]
 
USBR 41 		Minnesota Minnesota 315 507 2016 Established in Minnesota in 2016.[49][50] Runs from the Canada–US border in Minnesota south to the Mississippi River and USBR 45.
 
USBR 44 		Ohio[6] Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa 196.1 316 2021 Planned to run from USBR 36 south of Toledo, Ohio to Davenport, Iowa.
 
USBR 45 		Minnesota Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana 726 1,168 2012 Planned to incorporate the Mississippi River Trail[2] and run from northern Minnesota south to New Orleans, Louisiana, it is unclear whether this route will primarily run along either the west bank or east bank of the Mississippi River. Route was approved May 21, 2012.[51][52]
   
USBR 50 		District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Nevada, California[38] Washington, D.C., Maryland, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California 1,500.65 2,415 2013 Planned to be one of the longest routes, stretching from Cape Henlopen State Park in Delaware through Washington, D.C. in the east to near San Francisco, California.
 
USBR 50A 		Ohio Ohio 32.3 52 2015
 
USBR 51 		Arkansas [53] Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana 88.5 142 2024 Planned to run from USBR 10 in Minnesota to USBR 45 west of New Orleans.
   
USBR 66 		Missouri,[54] Kansas,[55] Oklahoma, California[6] Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California 1,117.2 1,798 2018 Planned to roughly follow the decommissioned U.S. Route 66 highway from Chicago, Illinois to Los Angeles, California. Originally planned to continue north to Wisconsin on what is now planned as USBR 37.[47]
 
USBR 70 		Utah[29] Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, California 450 724 2015 Planned to run from USBR 76 in Colorado to USBR 66 in California.
   
USBR 76 		Virginia,[23][20] Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Oregon 2,358.7 3,796 1982 One of the two original routes, this is planned to be expanded to the longest route, running from the existing eastern terminus near the Atlantic Ocean in Virginia west to the Pacific Ocean west of Eugene, Oregon. The number refers to 1776 and the U.S. bicentennial year 1976 when this was the "Bikecentennial" route. Like USBR 1, unofficial signs exist in places along the route, which is officially only from Virginia to Missouri. Route approved and signed in Missouri in October 2013.[56] The Kansas segment was realigned in 2018, shortening the route by 7 miles (11 km).[57]
 
USBR 176 		Virginia[58] Virginia 17 27 2016
 
USBR 77 		Utah[6] Montana, Idaho, Utah 349.8 563 2021 Planned to run from USBR 76 and USBR 30 in Montana to USBR 70 in Utah.
 
USBR 677 		Utah[6] Utah 40.6 65 2021
 
USBR 877 		Utah[6] Utah 88.8 143 2021
 
USBR 79 		Utah[29] Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona 269.3 433 2015 Planned to run from USBR 36 in Idaho to USBR 90 near Phoenix, Arizona.
 
USBR 679 		Utah[6] Utah 9.4 15 2021
 
USBR 80 		Arkansas[34] North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma 177.5 286 2022 Planned to run from North Carolina coast to Oklahoma City.
 
USBR 81 		Washington[6] Washington 103.4 166.4 2021 Planned to run from the Canada border to USBR 20 in Washington. Washington section approved from Asotin to the Spokane–Whitman county line near Latah.[33]
 
USBR 281 		Washington[6] Washington, Idaho 23.1 37 2021 Washington section approved from Idaho state line near Uniontown to Pullman, with short section in Clarkston.[33]
 
USBR 87 		Alaska,[27] Washington Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California 14 23 2011 The middle route of three serving the three West Coast states and Alaska. It is planned to use the Alaska Marine Highway to connect USBR 95 north of Los Angeles, California to Skagway, Alaska. Currently, the only approved route follows the Klondike Highway.[27]
   
USBR 90 		Florida,[20] Arizona[59] Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California 997.04 1,605 2014 The southernmost route, running from near Jacksonville, Florida west to San Diego, California. The first section was established in Florida on November 24, 2014.[20] The section through Arizona was approved on September 24, 2015.[59][43]
 
USBR 90A 		Florida[20] Florida 23.6 38 2014
   
USBR 95 		Alaska,[27] Washington, California[6] Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California 792.1 1,275 2011 USBR 95 currently runs from Delta Junction, Alaska to Valdez, via the Richardson Highway.[27] It is planned to follow the Alaska Marine Highway from Valdez to Bellingham, Washington, and then it will go south to San Diego, California. It is expected to incorporate the Pacific Coast Bicycle Route.[2]
 
USBR 97 		Alaska,[27] Washington Alaska, Washington 566.7 912 2011 The westernmost route in the system, USBR 97 lies in Alaska and Washington. It connects Fairbanks, Anchorage and Seward via the Seward and Parks highways to Discovery Bay, Washington. It is planned to extend south along the US 101 corridor to USBR 95 near the Oregon border.[28][27]

List of prioritized corridors

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Below is an incomplete list of prioritized corridors, "50-mile-wide areas where a route may be developed":[7]

Route number Locale Notes
USBR 5 Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Planned to run from USBR 76 in Virginia south to USBR 1 Savannah, Georgia. It will run east of USBR 1.
USBR 9 New York Planned to run from the Canada–US border in New York to New York City. Initially planned to be designated USBR 3.[47]
USBR 14 Montana, Idaho, Washington Missoula, Montana to Seattle, Washington vicinity.
USBR 40 Washington, D.C., Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington Planned to run from Washington, D.C. to Seattle, Washington.
USBR 48 Utah, Nevada Planned to run from Salt Lake City, Utah to USBR 50 near Reno, Nevada.
USBR 55 North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas Planned to run from the Canada–US border in North Dakota south to the Mexican border in Texas.
USBR 65 North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas Planned to run from USBR 10 in North Dakota south to USBR 84 near Lubbock, Texas.
USBR 75 Colorado, New Mexico, Texas Planned to run from USBR 76 in Colorado to USBR 90 in El Paso, Texas.
USBR 84 South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, New Mexico Planned to run from the South Carolina coast to near El Paso, Texas.
USBR 85 Washington, Oregon, California The easternmost of three routes serving the three West Coast states. Planned to run from USBR 10 to USBR 70 east of Los Angeles.

See also

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U.S. state bicycle route systems:

References

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  1. ^ a b "A new state joins the USBRS!" (Press release). Missoula, Montana: Adventure Cycling Association. November 30, 2022. Archived from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d Lahood, Ray (July 2, 2010). "US Bicycle Route System begins connecting America". United States Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on July 5, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
  3. ^ a b Adventure Cycling Association (May 11, 2011). "AASHTO Approves New U.S. Bicycle Routes Across America" (Press release). Adventure Cycling Association. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Sullivan, Ginny (May 11, 2011). "It's Official! New U.S. Bicycle Routes Approved". Adventure Cycling Association. Archived from the original on September 22, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Adventure Cycling Association (November 5, 2013). "New U.S. Bicycle Routes Approved in Maryland and Tennessee" (Press release). Missoula, MT: Adventure Cycling Association. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "U.S. Bicycle Route System Adds 2,903 Miles of New Routes in 5 States" (Press release). Missoula, Montana: Adventure Cycling Association. August 9, 2021. Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved August 10, 2021.
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  52. ^ "Mississippi River Trail receives state bikeway designation, becomes first US Bicycle Route in Minnesota" (Press release). Minnesota Department of Transportation. May 21, 2012. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  53. ^ https://www.adventurecycling.org/member_news/new-usbrs-annoucements-for-spring-2024/
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  56. ^ Adventure Cycling Association (October 2, 2013). "USBR 76: Missouri Officially Designated and Signed". Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  57. ^ Messina, Matt (February 13, 2018). "Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route" (PDF). Letter to AASHTO Special Committee on US Route Numbering. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  58. ^ "New U.S. Bicycle Routes Expand Bicycle Travel Options in Four States" (Press release). Missoula, Montana: Adventure Cycling Association. June 9, 2016. Archived from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  59. ^ a b "Application for Designation of a U.S. Bicycle Route" (PDF). Arizona Department of Transportation. August 17, 2015. p. 9. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
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