Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Thomson' is a hardy, cold-resistant cultivar of the Japanese Elm assessed by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration (PFRA) Nursery (now the AAFC-PFRA&E Shelterbelt Centre) at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, in the 1970s as part of its shelterbelt tree research.[1][2] [1] [2].[3]
| Ulmus davidiana var. japonica 'Thomson' | |
|---|---|
| Variety | Ulmus davidiana var. japonica |
| Cultivar | 'Thomson' |
| Origin | PFRA Nursery, Saskatchewan, Canada |
The tree was one of a number of Japanese Elms planted in an experimental shelterbelt at Indian Head in 1953. These shelterbelt trees were derived from seed taken from two openly pollinated Japanese Elms obtained from Manchuria and planted at Indian Head in 1929. 'Thomson' attained a height of 8 m in 25 years, a rather modest performance compared with Siberian Elm Ulmus pumila and American Elm Ulmus americana grown at the same site. Nevertheless, the tree has proved exceptionally hardy.[1]
Description
edit'Thomson' is distinguished by a single trunk bearing a vase-shaped crown, the branches forming strong wide-angled crotches; the bark is dark grey and deeply fissured.[4] The twigs have diamond-shaped fissures that become more apparent on second-year wood, and occasionally sport corky wings. The leaves are borne on 1 cm petioles, and average 7.5 cm in length, obovate to elliptic, with the typical acuminate apex and oblique base; dark green and glabrous, they turn bright yellow in autumn. The samarae are obovate and deeply notched at the apex.[1]
The species does not sucker from roots. [5]
Pests and diseases
edit'Thomson' displayed a resistance to Dutch elm disease when inoculated by Dr E. S. Kondo of the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) in Sault Ste. Marie; the original tree still survives (2008) and has also proven resistant to elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola. Moreover, the tree's foliage was adjudged "resistant" to Black Spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri [3].
Cultivation
editThe tree was usually propagated by grafting on Siberian Elm seedlings. Released for sale in Saskatchewan in 1980,[1] 'Thomson' is no longer in commerce owing to restrictions imposed by the Canadian government on the movement of elms across the country, which severely limited its potential market. 'Thomson' was never introduced to Europe or Australasia.
Synonymy
edit- 'Thompson': In error for 'Thomson'.
Etymology
editThe tree was named for Mr W. B. Thomson, appointed director of PFRA in 1973.
Accessions
edit- North America
- Royal Botanical Gardens, Burlington, Ontario; one tree, planted c.1980.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Lindquist, C. H. & Howe, J. A. G. (1979). Thomson Elm. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:1159
- ^ Schroeder, W. (1994). Genetic improvement for prairie tree plantings. Journal of Arboriculture. 20(1), Jan. 1994.
- ^ Burdekin, D.A.; Rushforth, K.D. (November 1996). "Elms resistant to Dutch elm disease" (PDF). Arboriculture Research Note. 2/96. Revised by J.F. Webber. Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham: Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service: 1–9. ISSN 1362-5128. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ Tree, bark, buds and leaves photographs of 'Thomson', worldplants.ca
- ^ Heybroek, Hans M. (1981). "The Japanese elm species and their value for the Dutch elm breeding program" (PDF). Proceedings of the Dutch Elm Disease symposium and workshop, October 5–9, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 78–90.
- ^ Photographs of 'Thomson' at Royal Botanical Gardens, Burlington, Ontario; U. davidiana var. japonica; worldplants.ca