The golden-tailed parrotlet (Touit surdus) is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to eastern Brazil.[3][1]
| Golden-tailed parrotlet | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | Touit |
| Species: | T. surdus
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| Binomial name | |
| Touit surdus (Kuhl, 1820)
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| Synonyms | |
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Touit surda (lapsus) | |
Taxonomy and systematics
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet is monotypic.[3] However, the northern population might merit separation as a subspecies.[4]
Description
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long. Its body is mostly green, darker above than below, and rather emerald green on the rump and uppertail coverts. Its forehead, lores, and cheeks are yellow; it has a white eye ring. Its scapulars are olive-brown. Its flight feathers are dusky brown with green edges, its primary coverts dark brown, the other wing coverts green, and the carpal area blue. Males' central tail feathers are green and the others greenish yellow; all have narrow black tips. Females are very similar to males but have somewhat duller underparts and greener tail feathers.[4]
Distribution and habitat
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet has a disjunct distribution in northeastern and eastern Brazil. It is found in Ceará, intermittently from Pernambuco to Alagoas, and again intermittently between Bahia and São Paulo state. It inhabits humid evergreen forest and forest on sandy soils both primary and secondary. It also frequents cacao plantations, and inland is found in the lower levels of montane forest. In elevation it is found from sea level to 900 or 1,000 m (3,000 or 3,300 ft).[4][5]
Behavior
editMovement
editSome season movements of the golden-tailed parrotlet have been noted, but they are not well defined.[4]
Feeding
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet usually forages in small flocks that are suspected to be family groups. Its diet is mostly fruit but details are lacking.[4]
Breeding
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet is thought to start breeding behavior in September or October, the start of the rainy season. The only known nests were in arboreal termite nests. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.[4]
Vocalization
editThe golden-tailed parrotlet's call is a "falsetto 'kree-kree-kree-kruh- -' or shrieking 'k'reeéh'."[5]
Status
editThe IUCN originally assessed the golden-tailed parrotlet as Threatened, then in 1994 Endangered, and since 2004 as Vulnerable. It has a very limited range and its estimated population of fewer than 10,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Extensive deforestation throughout its range is regarded as the principal cause of its rarity". However, it "has been found to be more resilient to forest fragmentation than first thought, and it may be under-recorded rather than genuinely scarce, especially in the southern part of its range."[1] It does occur in many private and government reserves.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Golden-tailed Parrotlet Touit surdus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686054A93097618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686054A93097618.en. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
- ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Collar, N., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Golden-tailed Parrotlet (Touit surdus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gotpar2.01 retrieved February 19, 2023
- ^ a b van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
External links
edit- World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profiles