PGF/TikZ

PGF/TikZ ("PGF and TikZ")
	Example of graphics created with TikZ. Note the slightly translucent top layer.
Original author(s)	Till Tantau
Developer(s)	Till Tantau, Christian Feuersänger
Stable release	3.1.10 / 15 January 2023; 22 months ago
Repository	github.com/pgf-tikz/pgf ;
Written in	TeX, Lua
Operating system	Multiplatform (TeX)
Type	Vector graphics languages
License	Dual License: GNU General Public License or LaTeX Project Public License
Website	github.com/pgf-tikz/pgf

PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (e.g., technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF is a lower-level language, while TikZ is a set of higher-level macros that use PGF. The top-level PGF and TikZ commands are invoked as TeX macros, but in contrast with PSTricks, the PGF/TikZ graphics themselves are described in a language that resembles MetaPost. Till Tantau is the designer of the PGF and TikZ languages. He is also the main developer of the only known interpreter for PGF and TikZ, which is written in TeX. PGF is an acronym for "Portable Graphics Format". TikZ was introduced in version 0.95 of PGF, and it is a recursive acronym for "TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm" (German for "TikZ is not a drawing program").

Overview

The PGF/TikZ interpreter can be used from the popular LaTeX and ConTeXt macro packages, and also directly from the original TeX.^[2]^: 116 Since TeX itself is not concerned with graphics, the interpreter supports multiple TeX output backends: dvips, dvipdfm/dvipdfmx/xdvipdfmx, TeX4ht, and pdftex's internal PDF output driver.^[2]^{: 117–120} Unlike PSTricks, PGF can thus directly produce either PostScript or PDF output, but it cannot use some of the more advanced PostScript programming features that PSTricks can use due to the "least common denominator" effect.^[3] PGF/TikZ comes with an extensive documentation; the version 3.1.4a of the manual has over 1300 pages.^[2]

The standard LaTeX picture environment can also be used as a front end for PGF by using the pgfpict2e package.^[2]^: 27

The project has been under constant development since 2005.^[4] Most of the development until 2018 was done by Till Tantau and since then Henri Menke has been the main contributor.^[5] Version 3.0.0 was released on 20 December 2013.^[6] One of the major new features of this version was graph drawing using the graphdrawing package, which however requires LuaTeX.^[7] This version also added a new data visualization method and support for direct SVG output via the new dvisvgm driver.^[6]

Export

Several graphical editors can produce output for PGF/TikZ, such as the KDE program Cirkuit^[8] and the math drawing program GeoGebra.^[9] Export to TikZ is also available as extensions for Inkscape,^[10] Blender,^[11] MATLAB,^[12] matplotlib,^[13] Gnuplot,^[14] Julia,^[15] and R.^[16] The circuit-macros package^[17] of m4 macros exports circuit diagrams to TikZ using the dpic -g command line option.^[18] The dot2tex program can convert files in the DOT graph description language to PGF/TikZ.^[19]

Libraries

TikZ features libraries for easy drawing of many kinds of diagrams, such as the following (alphabetized by library name):^[2]

3D drawing – 3d
Finite automata and Turing machines – automata
Coordinate system calculations – calc
Calendars – calendar
Chains: nodes typically connected by edges and arranged in rows and columns – chain
Logic circuit and electrical circuit diagrams – circuits.logic and circuits.ee
Entity–relationship diagrams – er
Polygon folding diagrams – folding
Graph drawing with automatic layout options – graphdrawing
L-system drawings – lindenmayersystems
Sequences of basic math operations – math
Matrices – matrix
Mind maps – mindmap
Three-point perspective drawings – perspective
Petri nets – petri
Quantum circuits – quantikz
RDF semantic annotations (only in SVG output) – rdf
Special shapes and symbols – shapes.geometric and shapes.symbols
Magnification of part of a graphic in an inset – spy
Paths in SVG syntax – svg.path
Trees – trees
Turtle graphics – turtle
Zooming and panning graphics – views

Gallery

The following images were created with TikZ and show some examples of the range of graphic types that can be produced. The link in each caption points to the source code for the image.