Tirumalisai Alvar (IAST: Tirumaḻisai; Born: Bhargavar 4203 BCE - 297 CE) is a Tamil saint revered in the Sri Vaishnavism school of south India, in Tondai Nadu (now part of Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur districts). He was born in 4203 BCE.[1][2] The legend of this saint devotees of Sri Vaishnavism believe that he was the incarnation of Vishnu's disc, Sudarshana. He is believed to have been born at the Jagannatha Perumal temple, Tirumalisai, by "divine grace".
Tirumalisai Alvar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Title | Alvar |
| Personal | |
| Born | Thirumalisai |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Organization | |
| Philosophy | Vaishnavism |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Vishvaksena |
| Literary works | Tiruchanda Viruttam, Nanmukan Tiruvantati |
Historically, Tirumalisai Alvar is regarded to have been the son of a sage.
Alvars
editThe word Alvar means the one who dives deep into the ocean of the countless attributes of god. Alvars are considered to have been the twelve supreme devotees of Vishnu, who were instrumental in popularising Vaishnavism in South India. The religious works of these saints in Tamil, songs of love and devotion, are compiled as Naalayira Divya Prabandham containing 4000 verses and the 108 temples revered in their songs are classified as Divya desam.[3][4] The saints had different origins and belonged to different castes. As per tradition, the first three Alvars, Poigai, Bhutha and Pey were born miraculously. Tirumalisai was the son of a sage, Thondaradi, Mathurakavi, Periyalvar and Andal were from the Brahmin community, Kulasekhara from Kshatriya community, Nammalvar was from a cultivator family, Tirupana from the panar community and Tirumangai from kalvar community. Divya Suri Saritra by Garuda-Vahana Pandita (11th century CE), Guruparamparaprabavam by Pinbaragiya Perumal Jiyar, Periya tiru mudi adaivu by Anbillai Kandadiappan, Yatindra Pranava Prabavam by Pillai Lokacharya, commentaries on Divya Prabandam, Guru Parampara (lineage of Gurus) texts, temple records and inscriptions give a detailed account of the Alvars and their works. According to these texts, the saints were considered incarnations of some form of Vishnu. Poigai is considered an incarnation of Panchajanya (Krishna's conch), Bhoothath of Kaumodakee (Vishnu's Mace/Club), Pey of Nandaka (Vishnu's sword), Thirumalisai of Sudarshanam (Vishnu's discus), Namm of Vishvaksena (Vishnu's commander), Madhurakavi of Vainatheya (Vishnu's eagle, Garuda), Kulasekhara of Kaustubha (Vishnu's necklace), Periy of Garuda (Vishnu's eagle), Andal of Bhoodevi (Vishnu's wife, Lakshmi, in her form as Bhudevi), Thondaradippodi of Vanamaalai (Vishnu's garland), Thiruppaan of Srivatsa (An auspicious mark on Vishnu's chest) and Thirumangai of Saranga (Rama's bow). The songs of Prabandam are regularly sung in all the Vishnu temples of South India daily and also during festivals.[4][5]
Early life
editThe name of the Alvar comes from his birthplace, Tirumalisai, a suburb in modern-day Chennai.[6] The Alvar was born to Bhargava maharishi and an apsara, Kanakangi, after an unusual 12 months stay in the womb. The foetus came out as just a lifeless lump of flesh with no arms and legs. The couple were terribly depressed and with unwillingness left it under a bamboo bush and proceeded with their spiritual journey. Vishnu appeared with Lakshmi and blessed the "flesh" with their kataksham and it turned into an lively human being.
He was later picked up with both the arms affectionately by a tribal named Thiruvalan. A really blessed couple Thiruvalan and pankajavalli, was overwhelmed by the grace of god for this gift of a baby. The boy grew on to become Tirumalisai Alvar. He also has an eye on his right leg. He lived up to 10 years of age in a hamlet near Tirumalisai village named as Pirayampathu. This Alvar was an incarnation of Sudarsana Chakra ( the divine discus of Lord Vishnu).
Tirumalisai Alvar decided to learn about all other religions. He also got initiated into Vaishnavism by Pey Alvar. After visiting several temples, he reached Tiruvekka, the birthplace of Poigai Alvar.
Displeasing the Pallava king
editLegend also says that when Kanikannan, his disciple displeased the pallava king for not agreeing to restore the king's youth. Earlier on he granted youth to an old unmarried maid of the temple. The king married that woman but he himself was an old man and thus wanted to enjoy life as a youth with his new wife. Tirumalisai refused him and the king decided to banish him. Tirumalisai Alvar asked the God from the temple, Yathotkari, to leave with him.
Tamil
கணிகண்ணன் போகின்றான் காமரு பூங் கச்சி
மணிவண்ணா! நீ கிடக்க வேண்டா
செந்நாப் புலவனும் போகின்றேன் நீயும் உன்றன்
பை நாகப்பாயை சுருட்டிக் கொள்
Transliteration
KanikaNNan Poginraan Kaamaru poong Kachi
ManivaNNaa! Nee Kidakka Vendaa
Sennaap Pulavanum Poginren Neeyum Unran
Pai Naagappaayai Suruttik KoLL
KanikaNNan is going out of kAnchi Oh! Manivanna!, You don't have to lie here anymore. Since, as the fluent poet that I am also leaving with him, you also roll your serpent bed and follow me"And, accordingly all of them left KAnchipuram
Vishnu is said to have rolled up the snake Sesha like a mattress and left with him.
There are 216 of his paasurams in the 4000 Divya Prabhandham. His first Prabandham named Tiruchanda Viruttam contains 120 hymns and starts from 752 paasuram and ends at 871 paasuram. The second Prabandham of Tirumalisai Alvar is titled Naanmugan Thiruvandhadhi and it contains 96 verses. The work of Naanmugan Thiruvandhadhi starts from 2382 paasuram and ends at 2477 paasuram.
He has sung in praise of 20 temples.[7]
| S.No. | Name of the temple | Location | Photo | Presiding deity | Notes/Beliefs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thiru Kapistalam | 10°56′46″N 79°15′22″E / 10.946°N 79.256°E | |||
| 2 | Thiru Anbil[8] | Anbil Tiruchirappalli district 10°52′N 78°53′E / 10.86°N 78.88°E |
 |
Sundararaja Perumal Azhagiya Nambi Perumal |
The temple is located on the Northern bank of the river Kollidam, at a distance of 25 km (16 mi) from Trichy. King Sundara Chola who ruled the area was a devotee of the temple and during each of his innumerable victories in wars, he showered a lot of wealth on this temple. His prime minister Anirudha Brahmarayar is believed to be from Anbil, the village where the temple is located. The copper plates having the records from the Chola period from Anbil indicate generous contribution from the Medieval Cholas indicate various gifts to the temple.[9][10] |
| 3 | Thiruevvul[8] | 13°08′35″N 79°54′25″E / 13.143°N 79.907°E |  |
||
| 4 | Thiruuragam[11] | 12°50′20″N 79°42′18″E / 12.839°N 79.705°E |  |
||
| 5 | Thiruvallikeni[12] | 13°03′14″N 80°16′37″E / 13.053884°N 80.277020°E |  |
||
| 6 | Thirupper Nagar | 10°50′21″N 78°53′21″E / 10.839282°N 78.889070°E | |||
| 7 | Thirukkurungudi[13] | 8°26′10″N 77°33′57″E / 8.436096°N 77.565933°E |  |
||
| 8 | Tiruvekkaa[14] | 12°49′26″N 79°42′43″E / 12.824°N 79.712°E |  |
||
| 9 | Tiruppatakam[15] | 12°50′31″N 79°41′46″E / 12.842°N 79.696°E |  |
||
| 10 | Thirukoshtiyur[16] | 10°03′36″N 78°33′36″E / 10.060°N 78.560°E |  |
||
| 11 | Thirukkudandhai[16] | 10°57′32″N 79°22′30″E / 10.959°N 79.375°E |  |
||
| 12 | Thiruvenkadam | 13°41′00″N 79°20′51″E / 13.683304°N 79.347406°E |  |
||
| 13 | Tirupparkatal | .jpg) |
|||
| 14 | Srirangam | Srirangam, Trichy district Tamil Nadu 10°51′45″N 78°41′23″E / 10.8625°N 78.689722°E |
 |
Ranganayagi Ranganathar (Periya Perumal) |
Srirangam temple is often listed as the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, the still larger Angkor Wat being the largest existing temple. The temple occupies an area of 156 acres (631,000 m²) with a perimeter of 4,116m (10,710 feet) making it the largest temple in India and one of the largest religious complexes in the world.[17][18] The annual 21-day festival conducted during the Tamil month of Margazhi (December–January) attracts 1 million visitors.[19] |
| 15 | Azhagar Kovil[13] | 10°04′26″N 78°12′47″E / 10.074°N 78.213°E |  |
||
| 16 | Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple[13] | Koviladi, Trichy district Tamil Nadu 10°52′N 78°53′E / 10.86°N 78.88°E |
 |
Indravalli Appala Ranganatha Perumal |
The temple has inscriptions from the 18th year of the reign of Aditya Chola.[20] The recorded inscriptions in this temple are numbered 283, 300, 301 and 303 of 1901.[21] The temple is one of the five Pancharanga Kshetrams (also called Pancharangams,
meaning the "five Rangams or Ranganathas"), a group of five Hindu temples on the banks of the Kaveri River dedicated to Ranganatha, a form of Vishnu.[22][23] |
Notes
edit- ^ L. Annapoorna (2000). Music and temples, a ritualistic approach. p. 23. ISBN 9788175740907.
- ^ Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1911). Ancient India: Collected Essays on the Literary and Political History of Southern India. pp. 403–404. ISBN 9788120618503.
- ^ Rao, P.V.L. Narasimha (2008). Kanchipuram – Land of Legends, Saints & Temples. New Delhi: Readworthy Publications (P) Ltd. p. 27. ISBN 978-93-5018-104-1.
- ^ a b Dalal 2011, pp. 20-21
- ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. p. 211. ISBN 9780810864450.
- ^ Ramakrishna Mission (1998). Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. Vol. 49. The Institute. pp. 535–538. ISBN 9780670083282.
- ^ Pillai, M. S. Purnalingam (1904). A Primer of Tamil Literature. Madras: Ananda Press. pp. 182–83. ISBN 9788120609556.
- ^ a b Kodayanallur Vanamamalai 2001, p. 51
- ^ "Sri Sundararaja Perumal temple". Dinamalar. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ^ Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1982). South Indian Shrines: Illustrated. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 533. ISBN 9788120601512.
- ^ Kodayanallur Vanamamalai 2001, p. 52
- ^ T. 2002, p. 85
- ^ a b c Kodayanallur Vanamamalai 2001, p. 59
- ^ Kodayanallur Vanamamalai 2001, p. 70
- ^ T. 2002, p. 86
- ^ a b Kodayanallur Vanamamalai 2001, p. 58
- ^ Mittal, Sushil; Thursby, G.R. (2005). The Hindu World. New York: Routelge. p. 456. ISBN 0-203-67414-6.
- ^ Vater, Tom (2010). Moon Spotlight Angkor Wat. USA: Perseus Books Group. p. 40. ISBN 9781598805611.
- ^ Jones, Victoria (2004). Wonders of the World Dot-to-Dot. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. p. 4. ISBN 1-4027-1028-3.
- ^ Jouveau-Dubreuil, Tony (1994). The Pallavas. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 77. ISBN 81-206-0574-8.
- ^ Jouveau-Dubreuil, G. (1994). Pallava Antiquities – 2 Vols. Asian Educational Services. p. 13. ISBN 978-81-206-0571-8.
- ^ S., Prabhu (16 September 2010). "Restoring the glory of a temple". The Hindu. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
- ^ Soundara Rajan, Kodayanallur Vanamamalai (2001). Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 65. ISBN 81-7022-857-3.
References
edit- B. S., Chandrababu; S., Ganeshram; C., Bhavani (2011). History of People and Their Environs. Bharathi Puthakalayam. ISBN 9789380325910.
- Chari, S. M. Srinivasa (1997). Philosophy and Theistic Mysticism of the Āl̲vārs. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 9788120813427.
- Dalal, Roshen (2011). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780143414216.
- Kodayanallur Vanamamalai, Soundara Rajan (2001). Concise classified dictionary of Hinduism. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 81-7022-857-3.
- T., Padmaja (2002). Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu. New Delhi: Shakti Malik. ISBN 81-7017-398-1.