Nation and Destiny (Korean: 민족과 운명; RR: Minjokgwa ummyeong; MR: Minjokkua unmyŏng) is a 62-part North Korean film series released between 1992 and 2002. It aims to show that the Korean people "can live a glorious life only in the bosom of the Great Leader and socialist fatherland". Kim Jong Il personally chose the title and was extensively involved in the early episodes. Conceived as the largest film series ever produced in any country, it was the largest investment ever made in the history of North Korean cinema. Initially, the most senior writers, directors and actors were involved in the project and it was heavily promoted by the North Korean media. The series was projected to reach 100 episodes, but none have been released since 2002.[1][2][3][4][5]
| Nation and Destiny | |
|---|---|
 Title screen | |
| Produced by | Kim Jong Il |
Running time | 1,070 minutes (parts 1-13) |
| Country | North Korea |
| Language | Korean |
Notable for its scenes set in the West and South Korea, some of which even filmed on location in western countries not officially at war with North Korea, such as France. It is also noteworthy for its portrayal of the "anti-system figure" Han Sorya, who was purged in the 1960s by Kim Il Sung, in a positive role. This was the first time that an "anti-system figure" has been portrayed heroically on the North Korean screen.[6] According to defectors' testimony, North Korean audiences were engrossed by its depiction of First World affluence.[7][8]
Synopsis
edit- Parts 1–4 were based on the life of Choe Deok-sin[9]
- Parts 5–8 were based on the life of Isang Yun[10]
- Parts 9–13 were based on the life of Choi Hong Hi[11]
- Parts 14–16 were based on the life of Ri In-mo[12]
- Parts 17–19 were based on the life of Ho Jong-suk[13]
- Parts 20–25 were based on the life of naturalized Japanese women, including Rim Un-jong (Izumi Kiyoshi)[14]
- Parts 26–36 were based on the life of workers[15]
- Parts 46–51 were based on the life of Choe Hyon[16]
- Parts 52–60 were based on the life of people past, present and future across generations[17]
- Parts 61–62 were based on the life of peasants[18]
Part list
editSome parts are said to be censored, as they were not aired on television during chronological airings of the series. Days where a censored part was to be aired featured a regular film until a non-censored part was scheduled to air. As they are censored, information on their creative staff is also unknown. Other films including the series Unsung Heroes have been censored during the transition of power from Kim Jong Il to Kim Jong Un.
| Episode | Subject | Main Scriptwriter | Main Director | Photography | Music | Main Actors | Main Studio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Choe Deok Sin | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | Choe Chang Su, Jon Jae Yon, Kim Ok Hui | Korean Film Studio |
| 2 | Choe Deok Sin | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui, Pak Ku Ju | Korean Film Studio |
| 3 | Choe Deok Sin | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Choe Chang Su, Kim Jun Sik, Kim Ryong Rin | Korean Film Studio |
| 4 | Choe Deok Sin | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Choe Chang Su, Kim Jun Sik, Kim Ryong Rin | Korean Film Studio |
| 5 | Isang Yun | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Yong Mi | Korean Film Studio |
| 6 | Isang Yun | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin | Korean Film Studio |
| 7 | Isang Yun | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin | Korean Film Studio |
| 8 | Isang Yun | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | So Kyong Sop, So Jin Hyang, Pak Hyo Sin | Korean Film Studio |
| 9 | Choi Hong Hi | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa, O Mi-ran | Korean Film Studio |
| 10 | Choi Hong Hi | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa, O Mi-ran | Korean Film Studio |
| 11 | Hong Yong Ja | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | Pak Ki Ju, O Mi-ran, Kim Jong Hwa | Korean Film Studio |
| 12 | Hong Yong Ja | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Jong Ik Han | Ri Jong O | O Mi-ran, Kim Jong Un, Ri Sol Hui | Korean Film Studio |
| 13 | Hong Yong Ja | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Byong Ryol | Ri Jong O | O Mi-ran, Pak Ki Ju, Kim Jong Hwa | Korean Film Studio |
| 14 | Ri In Mo | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Pak Se Ung | Ri Jong O | Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Kim In Kon | Korean 2.8 Film Studio |
| 15 | Ri In Mo | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Pak Se Ung | Ri Jong O | Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Kim In Kon | Korean 2.8 Film Studio |
| 16 | Ri In Mo | Choe Sang Gun | Choe Sang Gun | Pak Se Ung | Ri Jong O | Jong Un Mo, Jong Chun Ran, Hong Kyong Ran | Korean 2.8 Film Studio |
| 17 | Ho Jong Suk | Ri Chun Gu | Ri Jae Jun | Choe Byong Ryol | Ri Jong O | Kim Yong Suk, Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui | Korean Film Studio |
| 18 | Ho Jong Suk | Ri Chun Gu | Ri Jae Jun | Choe Byong Ryol | Ri Jong O | Kim Yong Suk, Choe Chang Su, Kim Ok Hui | Korean Film Studio |
| 19 | Ho Jong Suk | Ri Chun Gu | Ri Jae Jun | Choe Byong Ryol | Ri Jong O | Kim Yong Suk, Kim Kwang Mun, Hong Hwal Cho | Korean Film Studio |
| 20 | |||||||
| 21 | |||||||
| 22 | |||||||
| 23 | |||||||
| 24 | |||||||
| 25 | |||||||
| 26 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Yong Ho | Ui Yong Song | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 27 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Yong Ho | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 28 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Yong Ho | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 29 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Yong Ho | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Kwak Myong So, Mun Jong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 30 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Yong Ho | Ui Yun Song | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ri Ji Yong, Ryu Kyong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 31 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Kil In | Han Ryong Su | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong | Korean Film Studio |
| 32 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Kil In | Han Ryong Su | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong | Korean Film Studio |
| 33 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Kil In | Han Ryong Su | Hwang Jin Yong | Yu Won Jun, Ri Kyong Hui, Ko Sung Ryong | Korean Film Studio |
| 34 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Hyon Chol | Han Ryong Su | Ri Bong Ryong | Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong | Korean Film Studio |
| 35 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Hyon Chol | Han Ryong Su | Ri Bong Ryong | Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Ri Ji Yong | Korean Film Studio |
| 36 | Workers | Ri Chun Gu | Kim Hyon Chol | Han Ryong Su | Ri Jong O | Yu Won Jun, Ryu Kyong Ae, Choe Kwang Song | Korean Film Studio |
| 37 | |||||||
| 38 | |||||||
| 39 | |||||||
| 40 | |||||||
| 41 | |||||||
| 42 | |||||||
| 43 | |||||||
| 44 | |||||||
| 45 | |||||||
| 46 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Jo Kyong Sun | O Thae Yong | So Jong Kon | Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 47 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Jo Kyong Sun | O Thae Yong | Pak Sang Su | Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 48 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Jo Kyong Sun | O Thae Yong | Pak Sang Su | Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 49 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Choe Bu Kil | O Thae Yong | Pae Yong Sam | Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 50 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Choe Bu Kil | O Thae Yong | Pae Yong Sam | Choe Bong Sik, Ri Won Bok, O Mi-ran | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 51 | Choe Hyon | Ri Chun Gu | Choe Bu Kil | O Thae Yong | Pae Yong Sam | Choe Bong Sik, O Mi-ran, Ri Won Bok | Korean 4.25 Film Studio |
| 52 | People of the past, present and future | Ri Chun Gu | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Chol, Ri Kum Suk | Korean Film Studio |
| 53 | People of the past, present and future | Ri Chun Gu | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk, Kim Myong Mun | Korean Film Studio |
| 54 | People of the past, present and future | Ri Chun Gu | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk, So Sin Hyang | Korean Film Studio |
| 55 | People of the past, present and future | Ri Chun Gu | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Chol, Kim Son Ok, Kim Myong Mun | Korean Film Studio |
| 56 | People of the past, present and future | Ri Chun Gu | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Ryong Rin, Kim Jong Hwa, Ri Kum Suk | Korean Film Studio |
| 57 | People of the past, present and future | Pak Jong Ju | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Choe Kwang Song | Korean Film Studio |
| 58 | People of the past, present and future | Pak Jong Ju | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Ri Kum Suk | Korean Film Studio |
| 59 | People of the past, present and future | Pak Jong Ju | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Hyon Chang Kol | Korean Film Studio |
| 60 | People of the past, present and future | Sol Ju Yong | Pak Jong Ju | Han Ryong Su | Ko Su Yong | Kim Jong Hwa, Kim Ryong Rin, Kim Chol | Korean Film Studio |
| 61 | Peasants | Ri Tok Yun | Jong Kon Jo | Jong Hong Sok | Song Tong Hwan | Kim Yong Suk, Choe Tae Hyon, Kim Kyong Ae | Korean Film Studio |
| 62 | Peasants | Ri Tok Yun | Jong Kon Jo | Jong Hong Sok | Song Tong Hwan | Choe Tae Hyon, Kim Yong Suk, Ri Yong Ho | Korean Film Studio |
Music
editThe use of South Korean popular songs was part of a "mosquito-net strategy", whereby it was hoped the North Korean public would be immunised to the culture of the outside world by gradual exposure.[19]
Some of the music used throughout the series include (but not limited to),
- Nakhwa Yusu / Falling Blossom (낙화유수) - Episode 1 & 10
- Hey, Jude - The Beatles - Episode 2
- Rock Me - ABBA - Episode 2 & 5
- Colonel Bogey March - Episode 5 & 9
- Paris au mois d'août - Charles Aznavour - Episode 12
- Hongdoya Uji Mala / Hongdo, Don't Cry (홍도야 우지 마라) - Episode 12
- Sen'yū - Episode 13
- Geuttae Geusalam / The One I Remember (그때 그사람) - Episode 13
- Mamma Mia - ABBA - Episode 15
References
edit- ^ Schönherr, Johannes (13 August 2012). North Korean Cinema: A History. McFarland. p. 115. ISBN 9780786465262. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Wayne, Mike (20 May 2005). Understanding film: Marxist perspectives. Pluto. p. 202. ISBN 9780745319933.
- ^ Hoare, James E. (13 July 2012). Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Scarecrow Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780810879874. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. p. 468. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Edwards, Matthew (24 July 2018). Film Out of Bounds: Essays and Interviews on Non-Mainstream Cinema Worldwide. McFarland. ISBN 9781476607801. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M. E. Sharpe. p. 469. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Lee, Hyangjin (2000). Contemporary Korean Cinema: Culture, Identity and Politics. Manchester University Press. p. 40. ISBN 9780719060083. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ^ Portal, Jane (15 August 2005). Art Under Control in North Korea. Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781861892362.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 27.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 28.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 29.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 30.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 31.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 32.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 33.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 34.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 35.
- ^ Ri 2012, p. 36.
- ^ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (27 December 2002). North Korea Handbook. M. E. Sharpe. p. 471. ISBN 9780765635235. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
Works cited
edit- Ri, Ok Gyong (15 September 2012). Hong Chan Su; Ri Un Gyong (eds.). Korean film: Feature Film, TV Drama, Documentary, Science Film, Children's Film / 조선 영화: 예술, 텔레비죤극, 기록, 과학, 아동 (in English and Korean). Translated by Ro Yong Chol, Jang Hyang Gi and Yang Sung Mi. Pyongyang: Korea Film Export & Import Corporation. OCLC 857899124.
External links
edit- Nation and Destiny: Parts 1-4 at IMDb
- Nation and Destiny: Parts 5-8 at IMDb
- Nation and Destiny: Parts 9-10 at IMDb
- Nation and Destiny: Parts 11-13 at IMDb
- "Nation and Destiny": the North Korean serial drama with the secret to unification by Tatiana Gabroussenko at NK News
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