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Clark Art Institute

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"The Clark" redirects here. For other uses, see Clark (disambiguation).

The Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, commonly referred to as the Clark, is an art museum and research institution located in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. Its collection consists of European and American paintings, sculpture, prints, drawings, photographs, and decorative arts from the fourteenth to the early twentieth century. The Clark, along with the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA) and the Williams College Museum of Art (WCMA), forms a trio of art museums in the Berkshires. The institute also serves as a center for research and higher learning. It is home to various research and academic programs, which include the Fellowship Program and the Williams College Graduate Program in the History of Art, as well as one of the most distinguished research libraries in the country, with more than 295,000 volumes in over 72 languages.[1] The Clark is visited by 200,000 people a year, and offers many educational programs for visitors of all ages throughout the year.[2]

Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute
The Clark Art Institute
Clark Art Institute is located in Massachusetts
Clark Art Institute
Location within Massachusetts
Clark Art Institute is located in the United States
Clark Art Institute
Clark Art Institute (the United States)
Established1955 (1955)
Location225 South St, Williamstown, MA 01267
TypeArt Museum and Research Institute
AccreditationAmerican Alliance of Museums
FounderRobert Sterling Clark and Francine Clark
DirectorOlivier Meslay
ArchitectDaniel Deverell Perry, Tadao Ando, Annabelle Selldorf
Websiteclarkart.edu

History

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The Clark was created in 1955 in association with Williams College by entrepreneur, soldier and prominent art collector Robert Sterling Clark, and his wife, Francine. After traveling in the Far East, Sterling settled in Paris in 1911 and used a considerable fortune inherited from his grandfather (a principal in the Singer Sewing Machine Company) to begin amassing a private art collection. Francine joined him in collecting works of art after their marriage in 1919.

The Clarks kept their collection largely private, rarely lending out any works. With the onset of the Cold War and rapid nuclear armament, they became increasingly worried about the safety of their artworks. They wanted to protect their collection from a possible attack on New York City, where they lived and where the expected heir of their collection, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was located. As such, the Clarks began looking at sites in rural New York and Massachusetts with the intention of founding a museum for their art.

They visited Williamstown, Massachusetts in 1949 and began having conversations with town leaders and the administrators of Williams College and the Williams College Museum of Art. Sterling had ties to the college through his grandfather and father, both of whom had been trustees. A charter for the "Robert Sterling Clark Art Institute" was signed on March 14, 1950, incorporating the organization with the intention of becoming both a museum and educational institution. A special meeting was held by Sterling soon after the first cornerstone was laid in 1953 that changed the name to "the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute", as it is today. Sterling wrote that Francine's inclusion was because of "her constant enthusiasm for the Institute's objectives, her participation in the accumulation of the collections which the Institute will house and her contributions to the planning of the project."[3]

The Clark opened to the public on May 17, 1955, under its first director, former silver dealer Peter Guille.[4] The Clark has since become a destination for tourists, art lovers, and scholars, helping to establish the cultural reputation of the Berkshires.

Architecture

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Marble facade of the 1955 Daniel Perry-designed building.

Original Building

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Sterling Clark foresaw the museum as replete with natural light and a classical order. After being unhappy with designs produced by two architectural firms, Clark turned to Daniel Perry at the recommendation of Peter Guille, suggesting a design close in classical style to that of the Frick Collection but with less ornament.

Construction lasted almost two years and costed almost $3 million. The building opened on May 17, 1955, and included a private apartment in which the Clark family could stay when in Williamstown. This feature ended up being Sterling Clark's final home after the couple moved out of their Park Avenue residence, and his ashes are under the building's front steps.[3]

Expansions

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The Pietro Belluschi-designed Manton Research Center, housing the library and research programs, was completed in 1973. The Clark embarked on a long-term project in 2001 to improve its campus, enlisting the help of landscape firm Reed Hilderbrand and architects Tadao Ando and Annabelle Selldorf.[5] Hilderbrand redesigned the campus grounds, revamping nearby walking trails, planting 1,000 trees, and creating a reflecting pool fed by recycled water.[6]

 
Stone Hill Center

Tadao Ando designed two additions: the Lunder Center at Stone Hill and the 42,600-square-foot Clark Center, which opened in 2008 and 2014, respectively.[7][8] Envisioned as a sanctuary in the woods waiting to be discovered, the Lunder Center features two galleries and a seasonal terrace café. It is also home to the Williamstown Art Conservation Center, the largest regional conservation center in the country.

The Clark Center includes more than 11,000 square feet of gallery space for special exhibitions; new dining, retail, and family spaces; and an all-glass Museum Pavilion that creates a new entrance to the original Museum Building. Situated northwest of the Museum Building, the stone, concrete, and glass Clark Center is the centerpiece of the Clark's campus and serves as its primary visitor entrance.

Annabelle Selldorf was commissioned to renovate the campus' existing structures.[9] In the 1955 original marble building, galleries for American and decorative art were added and exhibition space was increased by 15%. In the Manton Research Center,[10] which reopened in 2016, the auditorium and central courtyard were renovated and several galleries and a study center were created. Its renovation marked the completion of the Clark's all-encompassing expansion project.[11] The museum's most recent $145 million expansion project was funded through private donations, foundation support, the Massachusetts Cultural Facilities Fund, and bond financing organized in conjunction with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.[citation needed]

Selldorf was later selected to also design the Aso O. Tavitian Wing, which is scheduled to be completed in 2027 or 2028. The new building will be located on the Clark’s campus between the Manton Research Center and the original museum building.[12]

Collection

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir, A Box at the Theater (At the Concert), 1880, oil on canvas. Clark Art Institute

Origins

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Initially, the Clarks concentrated on Italian, Dutch, and Flemish Old Master paintings. Over time, their tastes shifted towards artists like John Singer Sargent, Edgar Degas, Winslow Homer, and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. After 1920, the Clarks focused mainly on the art of 19th-century France — specifically works of Impressionism and the Barbizon School. Over the next 35 years, the Clarks would add to their private collection, increasing their holdings of paintings, porcelain, silver, prints, and drawings from the early fourteenth to the early twentieth century.

The museum's permanent collection has several elements. Renoir, Rodin, George Inness, John Singer Sargent, and Jean-Léon Gérôme feature prominently. The Clark prominently features Bouguereau's Nymphs and Satyr, one of the greatest French academic works, and is best known today for its works of French Impressionism.

 
Guillaume Lethière's Brutus Condemning His Sons to Death (1788) was acquired by the museum in 2018

New acquisitions

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Käthe Kollwitz, Woman with Dead Child (Frau mit totem kind), 1903. Acquired in 2015 by the Clark, Kollwitz uses fine lines and deep shadows to depict the tragedy of a mother grieving her child

The Clark has continued to build and shape its collection to realize more fully and effectively its mission. Recent acquisitions include Brutus Condemning His Sons to Death by Guillaume Guillon-Lethière[13] as well as the Landscape Album (Paysage) which contains approximately one hundred landscape drawings mostly by Lethière himself.[14] Also recently acquired is the Tea Service of Famous Women (Cabaret des femmes célèbres) painted by Marie-Victoire Jaquotot, one of only three known sets which features portraits of women noted for their achievements within governance, literature, philosophy, and international relations.[15][16] Additional new acquisitions include The Swearing in of President Boyer at the Palace of Haiti by Adolphe-Eugène-Gabriel Roehn, and a recent important gift from Frank and Katherine Martucci of early photographs of and by Black Americans, particularly by Edward J. Souby and James Van Der Zee.[17] In 2013, Frank and Katherine Martucci gave the museum eight George Inness landscapes, supplementing his two works already in the collection.[18]

The Manton Collection of British Art

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J. M. W. Turner, Rockets and Blue Lights (Close at Hand) to Warn Steamboats of Shoal Water, 1840, on view in the Manton Collection of British Art at the Clark

Since its establishment in 1955, the Clark Art Institute has continued to grow its collection through acquisitions, gifts, and bequests, with a recent focus on expanding its photography collection. In 2007, the Manton Foundation donated the collection of its founders, Sir Edwin and Lady Manton, to the museum. The Manton Collection of British Art[19] includes more than 200 works by British artists like J.M.W. Turner, Thomas Gainsborough, and John Constable.[20]

Aso O. Tavitian collection

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In 2024, the Clark Art Institute received a trove of 331 works from the Aso O. Tavitian Foundation, including 132 paintings, 130 sculptures, 39 drawings and 30 decorative arts objects by European artists Hans Memling, Peter Paul Rubens, Parmigianino, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Jean-Antoine Watteau, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Jan van Eyck and others.[21]

Special exhibitions

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The Clark presents special exhibitions throughout the year on a wide range of topics. From June 2023 to October 2023, the Clark hosted Edvard Munch: Trembling Earth. It was the first exhibit in the United States to focus on how Munch used nature to convey deeper meaning in his painting. Trembling Earth featured more than 75 works, many from the Munchmuseet's collection, and over 40 paintings and prints from rarely seen private collections.[2] The exhibition was co-organized by the Clark Art Institute, the Museum Barberini, and the Munchmuseet. The New York Times placed Trembling Earth at the top of their "Best Art of 2023" list.[22]

More information about current exhibitions can be found directly on the website.

Campus and grounds

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The Clark Art Institute viewed from Stone Hill

Natural landscape

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Beyond the buildings themselves, the Clark campus encompasses 140 acres (57 ha) of meadows, woods, and walking trails.[23] In line with Sterling and Francine Clark's original vision, the Clark emphasizes the natural beauty of the Berkshires as a crucial aspect of the visitor experience. In the warmer months of the year, visitors are greeted by an expansive three-tiered reflecting pool designed by landscape architect Reed Hilderbrand.[24]

Cows at the Clark

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Also visible in the warmer months are pastured cows which graze on and above Stone Hill. According to the Clark Art Institute website, the cows are friendly but prefer not to be approached.[25]

Project Snowshoe

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Nairy Baghramian, Knee and Elbow, 2020. Clark Art Institute

In the winter months, visitors can borrow a pair of complimentary snowshoes to explore the Clark campus and trails in the snow.[26]

Ground/work

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The Clark campus features several outdoor art instillations. Their first full outdoor exhibition, Ground/work, was held from October 2020 to October 2021 and featured works from an international collection of artists, including Nairy Baghramian, Jennie C. Jones, Haegue Yang, and others.[27] This exhibition, which is representative of the Clark's increased focus on working with living and contemporary artists, transformed the meadows and woodlands of the campus into an immersive outdoor gallery.[28] While Ground/work has concluded, visitors can still view various outdoor sculptures and installations around the campus at no cost.

Academic programs

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Research and Academic Program

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John Constable, The Wheat Field, 1816, oil on canvas. Clark Art Institute, gift of the Manton Art Foundation in memory of Sir Edwin and Lady Manton

The Research and Academic Program (RAP) is the manifestation of the Clark's original commitment to academic research and scholarly study. The program began in the late 1990s with the establishment of the Clark Library and the Graduate Program in the History of Art. Under the direction of John Onians, Michael Ann Holly, and Darby English, the program has since widened its purview to partner with both regional and international institutions and scholars to challenge and expand the scope of the study and production of the visual arts. Caroline Fowler is the Starr Director of the Research and Academic Program at the Clark and teaches in the Graduate Program in the History of Art at Williams College.

The Research and Academic Program also awards between ten and sixteen Clark Fellowships a year, ranging in duration from four weeks to ten months. Clark Fellowships allow promising scholars, critics, and museum officials opportunities for research outside of their professional obligations. Fellows, along with scholars and students from all stretches of the world, are encouraged to participate in the various conferences, colloquia, workshops, curator round tables, and seminars hosted by the program.

Publications like The Clark Studies in the Visual Arts,[29] based on the proceedings of the annual Clark Conferences, serve as another forum for the interdisciplinary exploration of art historical issues. Interested audiences can also tune into the Research and Academic Program podcast, In the Foreground: Conversations on Art & Writing, which offers a lively, in-depth look into the life and mind of a scholar or artist working with art historical or visual material.[30]

Williams College Graduate Program in the History of Art

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The Williams College Graduate Program in the History of Art, established in 1972 in cooperation with the Clark, is an intensive two-year program that combines academic work, curatorial internships, workshops, an international study tour, and a range of instructors to culminate in a degree of the Master of Arts in the history of art. Located on the Clark Campus, the program draws on and works closely with the art history resources of both institutions. Of the nearly 1,500 graduates of the program, notable alumni include Sasha Suda, Director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art,[31] James Rondeau, Director of the Art Institute of Chicago, and Paul Provost, Deputy Chairman of Christie's.

Clark Prize for Excellence in Arts Writing

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George Inness' Green Landscape (1886; gift of Frank and Katherine Martucci) is part of the permanent collection at the Clark.

The Clark Prize for Excellence in Arts Writing has been awarded every other year since 2006. The prize "celebrates informed, insightful, and accessible prose that advances the public understanding and appreciation of the visual arts."[citation needed] The award is presented for "critical or historical writing that conveys complex ideas in a manner that is grounded in scholarship yet appealing to a diverse range of audiences."[32]

In 2006, three people were honored. One person was then selected each time it has been given until 2022, where there were two winners due to the pandemic shutdown.[32] Winners of the Prize are:

Library

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John Singer Sargent, A Street in Venice, c. 1880-1881

Established in 1962, the Clark library is one of the major art reference and research libraries in the United States.[33] The library has over 280,000 volumes and many special collections, including Robert Sterling Clark's rare books collection. Materials include standard art reference titles and databases, monographs and scholarly journals in 65 languages from more than 140 countries, exhibition catalogs and museum publications, auction catalogs (including many nineteenth- and early twentieth-century catalogs), and artists' books.[34] The library is open to the general public and admission is free.

Directors

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Works in The Permanent Collection

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    Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, modeled 1879–81, cast 1919–21 [1]
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    Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral, the Façade in Sunlight, c. 1892–94, oil on canvas. Acquired in memory of Anne Strang Baxter [2] Archived February 16, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
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    William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, 1873, oil on canvas.
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    Mary Cassatt, Offering the Panal to the Bullfighter, 1873 [3]
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    James Van Der Zee, Wedding Day, Harlem, 1926, printed 1974, gelatin silver print. Gift of Frank and Katherine Martucci [4]
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    Auguste Rodin, Man with Serpent, 1885, plaster [5]
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    Erich Heckel, Portrait of a Man, 1918, color woodcut, over zincograph, in green, blue, ochre and black on paper [6]
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    Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Blonde Bather, 1881, oil on canvas [7] Archived February 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
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    After Albrecht Dürer, Adam and Eve, 1787–1887, engraving on paper [8]
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    Piero della Francesca, Virgin and Child Enthroned with Four Angels, c. 1460–70 [9]

References

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  1. ^ "About The Library". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  2. ^ "Visitor Center, Clark Art Institute". Retrieved August 21, 2017.
  3. ^ a b Conforti, Michael (2006). The Clark brothers collect: impressionists and early modern paintings from the collections of Sterling and Stephen Clark [exhibition, Sterling and Francine Clark art institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 4 June-4 September 2006 ; the Metropolitan museum of art, New York, 22 May-19 August 2007]. Clark art institute, Metropolitan museum of art. New Haven: Yale university press. ISBN 978-0-300-11619-9.
  4. ^ "Clark Art Institute to celebrate 60th anniversary Sunday". The Berkshire Eagle. May 16, 2015.
  5. ^ "The Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts". Library of American Landscape History. May 1, 2015. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  6. ^ Smith, Roberta (July 10, 2014). "Clark Art Institute Reopens With New and Renovated Space". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "安藤忠雄 Tadao Ando". tadao-ando.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  8. ^ "The Clark Institute of Art: Tadao Ando, Selldorf, Reed Hilderbrand, Gensler / Architects 2014". Art & Architecture Quarterly. December 21, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
  9. ^ "Welcome - Selldorf Architects - New York". Selldorf Architects - New York. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  10. ^ Stapley-Brown, Victoria (November 11, 2016). "Clark Art Institute reopens its 'beating heart', the Manton Research Center". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  11. ^ "Clark Art Institute / Tadao Ando Architect & Associates + Selldorf Architects + Reed Hilderbrand Landscape Architecture + Gensler". Arch Daily. July 22, 2014.
  12. ^ Ted Loos (28 October 2024), Clark Art Institute Receives ‘Princely’ Collection of European Treasures New York Times.
  13. ^ Artdaily. "Clark Art Institute acquires Guillaume Guillon Lethière's masterpiece 'Brutus Condemning His Sons to Death'". artdaily.cc. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  14. ^ "Landscape Album (Paysage)". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  15. ^ "Tea Service Portrays Sixteen Women Noted in European History". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  16. ^ Artdaily. "Clark Art Institute acquires tea service that portrays 16 women noted in European history". artdaily.cc. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  17. ^ "Collections Activity". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  18. ^ Villarreal, Ignacio. ""George Inness: Gifts from Frank and Katherine Martucci" opens at the Clark Art Institute". artdaily.com. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  19. ^ Miller, Michael. "The Manton Collection: the Clark becomes a major repository of British art overnight. -". berkshirefinearts.com. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  20. ^ "Landscape, innovation, and nostalgia : the Manton collection of British art in SearchWorks". searchworks.stanford.edu. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  21. ^ Ted Loos (28 October 2024), Clark Art Institute Receives ‘Princely’ Collection of European Treasures New York Times.
  22. ^ Smith, Roberta; Cotter, Holland (December 7, 2023). "Best Art of 2023". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  23. ^ "Landscape". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  24. ^ "Overview". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  25. ^ "Visit the Exhibition". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  26. ^ "Project Snowshoe". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  27. ^ "Exhibition". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  28. ^ "Ground/work". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  29. ^ "Clark Studies in the Visual Arts". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  30. ^ "About the Podcast". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  31. ^ "Administration". philamuseum.org. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  32. ^ a b "Overview". www.clarkart.edu. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  33. ^ Murray, Stuart; Basbanes, Nicholas; Davis, Donald (2009). The library: An illustrated history. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-62873-322-8.
  34. ^ "Library FAQs". The Clark Library. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  35. ^ "Peter Guille, Silversmith and Art Curator, 59, Dies". The New York Times. October 5, 1970.
  36. ^ Sisario, Ben (April 1, 2004). "George Heard Hamilton, 93, Museum Director and Author". The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
  37. ^ "DAVID BROOKE Obituary (2019) New York Times". Legacy.com.
  38. ^ "Clark Director Michael Conforti Resigns". March 19, 2015.
  39. ^ Kennedy, Randy (June 13, 2016). "Clark Art Institute Announces New Leader, From Dallas Museum". The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
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